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The Effects of Air Pollution on Mental Health and Well-being / ELLA CHRISTOFOROU

Swansea University Author: ELLA CHRISTOFOROU

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Abstract

Air pollution is a significant environmental risk to human health. Historically, the impact of air pollutionhas focused upon the physical health effects, yet the implications on mental health have receivedlimited attention. Despite this, recent research has highlighted emerging evidence supporting a...

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Published: Swansea, Wales, UK 2023
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Master of Research
Degree name: MRes
Supervisor: Clift, M.
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa65665
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The purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate the potentialconsequences of air pollution upon various mental health and well-being issues.In a PRISMA based systematic review multiple databases were searched from January 2012 to 2022for peer-reviewed, English-language, human based primary research. Of the 2,224 studies identifiedin the literature search, 87 met the inclusion criteria. The mental health and well-being issues exploredwere psychosis, anxiety, suicide, mania, hospital visits, and self-reported well-being. Depression wasomitted due to a recent systematic review on the condition. The key pollutants investigated asdescribed by the World Health Organisation (2021) were particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), sulphuroxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Data from the review revealed airpollution could have adverse effects on various mental health and well-being issues (suicide, anxiety,life satisfaction). The key finding was the positive association between PM and NO2 on stress andpsychotic disorders. However, a negative impact from air pollutants for some of the mental healthoutcomes was less clear because of a lack of research (e.g., mania and self-harm) and contradictoryfindings (e.g., anxiety and suicide). Overall, the most noted effect was the positive associationbetween psychotic disorders and NOx which was demonstrated in ten studies with only onecontradictory finding.These results were further investigated by Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) because ofthe heterogeneity of the studies in the review. SAIL contains anonymised longitudinal, routinelycollected, health, social, and environmental data on the Welsh population. Therefore, an indication ofreal-life associations was explored between psychotic disorder diagnoses and PM2.5, PM10, NOx. Aweak positive correlation was found between PM2.5 and the percentage of schizophrenia or otherpsychotic disorders (OPD). Whereas a weak negative correlation and no correlation was found forPM10 and NOx respectively. The descriptive statistics generated found more than double the numberof people with psychotic disorders in the most deprived compared to the least deprived areas. Incontrast, sex, age and rural or city residence did not show much variation between the schizophreniaor OPD cohort and the whole population.In conclusion, the overall findings indicate that PM and NO2 were the most hazardous pollutants towell-being e.g., stress, and severe mental disorders e.g., schizophrenia. Additionally, knowledge gapswere identified such as how deprivation could affect potential associations and the causal mechanism.More high-quality research is required due to limited and some contradictory findings. 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spelling v2 65665 2024-02-22 The Effects of Air Pollution on Mental Health and Well-being db1ed0048a676b4dd38ed168de362f83 ELLA CHRISTOFOROU ELLA CHRISTOFOROU true false 2024-02-22 Air pollution is a significant environmental risk to human health. Historically, the impact of air pollutionhas focused upon the physical health effects, yet the implications on mental health have receivedlimited attention. Despite this, recent research has highlighted emerging evidence supporting apossible aetiological link. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate the potentialconsequences of air pollution upon various mental health and well-being issues.In a PRISMA based systematic review multiple databases were searched from January 2012 to 2022for peer-reviewed, English-language, human based primary research. Of the 2,224 studies identifiedin the literature search, 87 met the inclusion criteria. The mental health and well-being issues exploredwere psychosis, anxiety, suicide, mania, hospital visits, and self-reported well-being. Depression wasomitted due to a recent systematic review on the condition. The key pollutants investigated asdescribed by the World Health Organisation (2021) were particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), sulphuroxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Data from the review revealed airpollution could have adverse effects on various mental health and well-being issues (suicide, anxiety,life satisfaction). The key finding was the positive association between PM and NO2 on stress andpsychotic disorders. However, a negative impact from air pollutants for some of the mental healthoutcomes was less clear because of a lack of research (e.g., mania and self-harm) and contradictoryfindings (e.g., anxiety and suicide). Overall, the most noted effect was the positive associationbetween psychotic disorders and NOx which was demonstrated in ten studies with only onecontradictory finding.These results were further investigated by Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) because ofthe heterogeneity of the studies in the review. SAIL contains anonymised longitudinal, routinelycollected, health, social, and environmental data on the Welsh population. Therefore, an indication ofreal-life associations was explored between psychotic disorder diagnoses and PM2.5, PM10, NOx. Aweak positive correlation was found between PM2.5 and the percentage of schizophrenia or otherpsychotic disorders (OPD). Whereas a weak negative correlation and no correlation was found forPM10 and NOx respectively. The descriptive statistics generated found more than double the numberof people with psychotic disorders in the most deprived compared to the least deprived areas. Incontrast, sex, age and rural or city residence did not show much variation between the schizophreniaor OPD cohort and the whole population.In conclusion, the overall findings indicate that PM and NO2 were the most hazardous pollutants towell-being e.g., stress, and severe mental disorders e.g., schizophrenia. Additionally, knowledge gapswere identified such as how deprivation could affect potential associations and the causal mechanism.More high-quality research is required due to limited and some contradictory findings. Overall, theevidence suggests reducing air pollution could have benefits for physical and mental health. E-Thesis Swansea, Wales, UK Mental health, well-being, air pollution, systematic review, deprivation, data-linkage 19 12 2023 2023-12-19 Part of this thesis has been redacted to protect personal information COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Clift, M. Master of Research MRes 2024-04-07T23:39:02.5254958 2024-02-22T13:04:20.0979265 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science ELLA CHRISTOFOROU 1 65665__29942__49fe9ea09a14490fa098c39e45c08435.pdf Christoforou_Ella_MRes_Thesis_Final_Redacted_Signature.pdf 2024-04-07T23:36:27.6656247 Output 2868231 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: The Author, Ella Christoforou, 2023. Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY 4.0). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
title The Effects of Air Pollution on Mental Health and Well-being
spellingShingle The Effects of Air Pollution on Mental Health and Well-being
ELLA CHRISTOFOROU
title_short The Effects of Air Pollution on Mental Health and Well-being
title_full The Effects of Air Pollution on Mental Health and Well-being
title_fullStr The Effects of Air Pollution on Mental Health and Well-being
title_full_unstemmed The Effects of Air Pollution on Mental Health and Well-being
title_sort The Effects of Air Pollution on Mental Health and Well-being
author_id_str_mv db1ed0048a676b4dd38ed168de362f83
author_id_fullname_str_mv db1ed0048a676b4dd38ed168de362f83_***_ELLA CHRISTOFOROU
author ELLA CHRISTOFOROU
author2 ELLA CHRISTOFOROU
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hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science
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description Air pollution is a significant environmental risk to human health. Historically, the impact of air pollutionhas focused upon the physical health effects, yet the implications on mental health have receivedlimited attention. Despite this, recent research has highlighted emerging evidence supporting apossible aetiological link. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate the potentialconsequences of air pollution upon various mental health and well-being issues.In a PRISMA based systematic review multiple databases were searched from January 2012 to 2022for peer-reviewed, English-language, human based primary research. Of the 2,224 studies identifiedin the literature search, 87 met the inclusion criteria. The mental health and well-being issues exploredwere psychosis, anxiety, suicide, mania, hospital visits, and self-reported well-being. Depression wasomitted due to a recent systematic review on the condition. The key pollutants investigated asdescribed by the World Health Organisation (2021) were particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), sulphuroxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Data from the review revealed airpollution could have adverse effects on various mental health and well-being issues (suicide, anxiety,life satisfaction). The key finding was the positive association between PM and NO2 on stress andpsychotic disorders. However, a negative impact from air pollutants for some of the mental healthoutcomes was less clear because of a lack of research (e.g., mania and self-harm) and contradictoryfindings (e.g., anxiety and suicide). Overall, the most noted effect was the positive associationbetween psychotic disorders and NOx which was demonstrated in ten studies with only onecontradictory finding.These results were further investigated by Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) because ofthe heterogeneity of the studies in the review. SAIL contains anonymised longitudinal, routinelycollected, health, social, and environmental data on the Welsh population. Therefore, an indication ofreal-life associations was explored between psychotic disorder diagnoses and PM2.5, PM10, NOx. Aweak positive correlation was found between PM2.5 and the percentage of schizophrenia or otherpsychotic disorders (OPD). Whereas a weak negative correlation and no correlation was found forPM10 and NOx respectively. The descriptive statistics generated found more than double the numberof people with psychotic disorders in the most deprived compared to the least deprived areas. Incontrast, sex, age and rural or city residence did not show much variation between the schizophreniaor OPD cohort and the whole population.In conclusion, the overall findings indicate that PM and NO2 were the most hazardous pollutants towell-being e.g., stress, and severe mental disorders e.g., schizophrenia. Additionally, knowledge gapswere identified such as how deprivation could affect potential associations and the causal mechanism.More high-quality research is required due to limited and some contradictory findings. Overall, theevidence suggests reducing air pollution could have benefits for physical and mental health.
published_date 2023-12-19T23:39:03Z
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score 11.01353

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