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Extreme load analysis of flexible wave energy converters utilising nonlocal continuum damage mechanics

DEEPAK GEORGE, Ieuan Collins, Ian Masters Orcid Logo, Mokarram Hossain Orcid Logo

Applied Ocean Research, Volume: 142, Start page: 103843

Swansea University Authors: DEEPAK GEORGE, Ieuan Collins, Ian Masters Orcid Logo, Mokarram Hossain Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.apor.2023.103843

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in interest towards Flexible Wave Energy Converters (FlexWECs). These flexible energy harvesters solve structural design challenges faced by rigid-body WECs by responding to external loading by changing shapes. Typically, the structures are made fro...

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Published in: Applied Ocean Research
ISSN: 0141-1187
Published: Elsevier BV 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa65661
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A parametric study is performed on two FlexWEC archetypes: a submerged pressure differential and a floating bulge wave attenuator. The performance evaluation of these devices is carried out by analysing the evolution of the pressure–volume relation and pressure-stretch relation, respectively. The results show that the nonlocal aspects of damage in the pressure differential FlexWECs are small due to membrane action, but the saturation of damage does affect the pressure–volume function of each membrane. However, in the case of attenuator, the damage regularisation plays a crucial role in its behaviour due to the steep stress gradient from the crest of the wave. 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spelling v2 65661 2024-02-21 Extreme load analysis of flexible wave energy converters utilising nonlocal continuum damage mechanics 6170d801808f720f6e3a16eab4fc2ea7 DEEPAK GEORGE DEEPAK GEORGE true false 768bbad9e350e020b65b2acf4c3363f7 Ieuan Collins Ieuan Collins true false 6fa19551092853928cde0e6d5fac48a1 0000-0001-7667-6670 Ian Masters Ian Masters true false 140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd 0000-0002-4616-1104 Mokarram Hossain Mokarram Hossain true false 2024-02-21 In recent years, there has been a notable increase in interest towards Flexible Wave Energy Converters (FlexWECs). These flexible energy harvesters solve structural design challenges faced by rigid-body WECs by responding to external loading by changing shapes. Typically, the structures are made from rubber-like materials which pose few challenges from a material modelling point of view. Firstly, the material is in the finite strain regime requiring a hyperelastic modelling approach, but more critically the material response is expected to change during the operational lifetime. There is softening from both time-dependent viscoelasticity and micro-void growth caused by fatigue loading. The goal of this paper is to understand the latter mechanism and how it manifests within a membrane. To account for this damage accumulation, the gradient-enhanced nonlocal damage model is coupled to a hyperelastic Neo-Hookean constitutive law. The framework has been implemented in the commercial finite element software ABAQUS by exploiting its fully coupled thermo-mechanical formulation. A parametric study is performed on two FlexWEC archetypes: a submerged pressure differential and a floating bulge wave attenuator. The performance evaluation of these devices is carried out by analysing the evolution of the pressure–volume relation and pressure-stretch relation, respectively. The results show that the nonlocal aspects of damage in the pressure differential FlexWECs are small due to membrane action, but the saturation of damage does affect the pressure–volume function of each membrane. However, in the case of attenuator, the damage regularisation plays a crucial role in its behaviour due to the steep stress gradient from the crest of the wave. The outcomes from these analyses suggest FlexWEC design is advantageous from a fatigue loading perspective as it always reaches an equilibrium state which minimises the stress-differential, reducing the likelihood of localised crack growth. Journal Article Applied Ocean Research 142 103843 Elsevier BV 0141-1187 Nonlocal damage modelling, ABAQUS UMAT, Flexible membrane, Finite strain hyperelasticity, Renewable energy, Flexible wave energy converter (FlexWEC) 1 1 2024 2024-01-01 10.1016/j.apor.2023.103843 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) This research is supported by the Knowledge Economy Skills Scholarships (KESS 2). Knowledge Economy Skills Scholarships (KESS 2) is a pan-Wales higher level skills initiative led by Bangor University on behalf of the Higher Education sector in Wales. It is part funded by the Welsh Government’s European Social Fund (ESF) convergence programme for West Wales and the Valleys. This study is also supported by EPSRC, United Kingdom through the Supergen ORE Hub (EP/S000747/1), who have awarded funding for the Flexible Fund project Submerged bi-axial fatigue analysis for flexible membrane Wave Energy Converters (FF2021-1036). M. Hossain also acknowledges the support of the EPSRC Impact Acceleration Account (EP/X525637/1) to fund this research. 2024-03-26T14:21:31.4693109 2024-02-21T15:43:01.5095818 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering DEEPAK GEORGE 1 Ieuan Collins 2 Ian Masters 0000-0001-7667-6670 3 Mokarram Hossain 0000-0002-4616-1104 4 65661__29754__5fa1ddee72ca4db3830eedaa925b7bb2.pdf 65661.VOR.pdf 2024-03-19T13:31:54.8004572 Output 5014461 application/pdf Version of Record true Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons CC-BY4.0 licence. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Extreme load analysis of flexible wave energy converters utilising nonlocal continuum damage mechanics
spellingShingle Extreme load analysis of flexible wave energy converters utilising nonlocal continuum damage mechanics
DEEPAK GEORGE
Ieuan Collins
Ian Masters
Mokarram Hossain
title_short Extreme load analysis of flexible wave energy converters utilising nonlocal continuum damage mechanics
title_full Extreme load analysis of flexible wave energy converters utilising nonlocal continuum damage mechanics
title_fullStr Extreme load analysis of flexible wave energy converters utilising nonlocal continuum damage mechanics
title_full_unstemmed Extreme load analysis of flexible wave energy converters utilising nonlocal continuum damage mechanics
title_sort Extreme load analysis of flexible wave energy converters utilising nonlocal continuum damage mechanics
author_id_str_mv 6170d801808f720f6e3a16eab4fc2ea7
768bbad9e350e020b65b2acf4c3363f7
6fa19551092853928cde0e6d5fac48a1
140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd
author_id_fullname_str_mv 6170d801808f720f6e3a16eab4fc2ea7_***_DEEPAK GEORGE
768bbad9e350e020b65b2acf4c3363f7_***_Ieuan Collins
6fa19551092853928cde0e6d5fac48a1_***_Ian Masters
140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd_***_Mokarram Hossain
author DEEPAK GEORGE
Ieuan Collins
Ian Masters
Mokarram Hossain
author2 DEEPAK GEORGE
Ieuan Collins
Ian Masters
Mokarram Hossain
format Journal article
container_title Applied Ocean Research
container_volume 142
container_start_page 103843
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 0141-1187
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.apor.2023.103843
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description In recent years, there has been a notable increase in interest towards Flexible Wave Energy Converters (FlexWECs). These flexible energy harvesters solve structural design challenges faced by rigid-body WECs by responding to external loading by changing shapes. Typically, the structures are made from rubber-like materials which pose few challenges from a material modelling point of view. Firstly, the material is in the finite strain regime requiring a hyperelastic modelling approach, but more critically the material response is expected to change during the operational lifetime. There is softening from both time-dependent viscoelasticity and micro-void growth caused by fatigue loading. The goal of this paper is to understand the latter mechanism and how it manifests within a membrane. To account for this damage accumulation, the gradient-enhanced nonlocal damage model is coupled to a hyperelastic Neo-Hookean constitutive law. The framework has been implemented in the commercial finite element software ABAQUS by exploiting its fully coupled thermo-mechanical formulation. A parametric study is performed on two FlexWEC archetypes: a submerged pressure differential and a floating bulge wave attenuator. The performance evaluation of these devices is carried out by analysing the evolution of the pressure–volume relation and pressure-stretch relation, respectively. The results show that the nonlocal aspects of damage in the pressure differential FlexWECs are small due to membrane action, but the saturation of damage does affect the pressure–volume function of each membrane. However, in the case of attenuator, the damage regularisation plays a crucial role in its behaviour due to the steep stress gradient from the crest of the wave. The outcomes from these analyses suggest FlexWEC design is advantageous from a fatigue loading perspective as it always reaches an equilibrium state which minimises the stress-differential, reducing the likelihood of localised crack growth.
published_date 2024-01-01T14:21:27Z
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