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Study to evaluate the readability and visual appearance of online resources for blunt chest trauma: an evaluation of online resources using mixed methods

Hayley Hutchings Orcid Logo, MAX COCHRANE, Ceri Battle

BMJ Open, Volume: 14, Issue: 2, Start page: e078552

Swansea University Authors: Hayley Hutchings Orcid Logo, MAX COCHRANE, Ceri Battle

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DOI (Published version): 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078552

Abstract

Objectives Blunt chest trauma (BCT) is characterised by forceful and non-penetrative impact to the chest region. Increased access to the internet has led to online healthcare resources becoming used by the public to educate themselves about medical conditions. This study aimed to determine whether o...

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Published in: BMJ Open
ISSN: 2044-6055 2044-6055
Published: BMJ 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa65582
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Increased access to the internet has led to online healthcare resources becoming used by the public to educate themselves about medical conditions. This study aimed to determine whether online resources for BCT are at an appropriate readability level and visual appearance for the public.Design We undertook a (1) a narrative overview assessment of the website; (2) a visual assessment of the identified website material content using an adapted framework of predetermined key criteria based on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services toolkit and (3) a readability assessment using five readability scores and the Flesch reading ease score using Readable software.Data sources Using a range of key search terms, we searched Google, Bing and Yahoo websites on 9 October 2023 for online resources about BCT.Results We identified and assessed 85 websites. The median visual assessment score for the identified websites was 22, with a range of &#x2212;14 to 37. The median readability score generated was 9 (14&#x2013;15 years), with a range of 4.9&#x2013;15.8. There was a significant association between the visual assessment and readability scores with a tendency for websites with lower readability scores having higher scores for the visual assessment (Spearman&#x2019;s r=&#x2212;0.485; p&lt;0.01). The median score for Flesch reading ease was 63.9 (plain English) with a range of 21.1&#x2013;85.3.Conclusions Although the readability levels and visual appearance were acceptable for the public for many websites, many of the resources had much higher readability scores than the recommended level (8&#x2013;10) and visually were poor.Better use of images would improve the appearance of websites further. 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spelling 2024-05-31T12:29:57.2276794 v2 65582 2024-02-07 Study to evaluate the readability and visual appearance of online resources for blunt chest trauma: an evaluation of online resources using mixed methods bdf5d5f154d339dd92bb25884b7c3652 0000-0003-4155-1741 Hayley Hutchings Hayley Hutchings true false 594872ca35b94ebcc6d73c98c22693a0 MAX COCHRANE MAX COCHRANE true false 9ae21f1afb903db3c39684cd47b94760 Ceri Battle Ceri Battle true false 2024-02-07 MEDS Objectives Blunt chest trauma (BCT) is characterised by forceful and non-penetrative impact to the chest region. Increased access to the internet has led to online healthcare resources becoming used by the public to educate themselves about medical conditions. This study aimed to determine whether online resources for BCT are at an appropriate readability level and visual appearance for the public.Design We undertook a (1) a narrative overview assessment of the website; (2) a visual assessment of the identified website material content using an adapted framework of predetermined key criteria based on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services toolkit and (3) a readability assessment using five readability scores and the Flesch reading ease score using Readable software.Data sources Using a range of key search terms, we searched Google, Bing and Yahoo websites on 9 October 2023 for online resources about BCT.Results We identified and assessed 85 websites. The median visual assessment score for the identified websites was 22, with a range of −14 to 37. The median readability score generated was 9 (14–15 years), with a range of 4.9–15.8. There was a significant association between the visual assessment and readability scores with a tendency for websites with lower readability scores having higher scores for the visual assessment (Spearman’s r=−0.485; p<0.01). The median score for Flesch reading ease was 63.9 (plain English) with a range of 21.1–85.3.Conclusions Although the readability levels and visual appearance were acceptable for the public for many websites, many of the resources had much higher readability scores than the recommended level (8–10) and visually were poor.Better use of images would improve the appearance of websites further. Less medical terminology and shorter word and sentence length would also allow the public to comprehend the contained information more easily. Journal Article BMJ Open 14 2 e078552 BMJ 2044-6055 2044-6055 30 3 2024 2024-03-30 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078552 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not- for- profit sectors. 2024-05-31T12:29:57.2276794 2024-02-07T11:23:27.9455828 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science Hayley Hutchings 0000-0003-4155-1741 1 MAX COCHRANE 2 Ceri Battle 3 65582__29522__a678a65cb25449aa8d45bc460d6fcc20.pdf atr-03-02-18161.pdf 2024-02-07T11:25:20.6141613 Output 1070600 application/pdf Version of Record true Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
title Study to evaluate the readability and visual appearance of online resources for blunt chest trauma: an evaluation of online resources using mixed methods
spellingShingle Study to evaluate the readability and visual appearance of online resources for blunt chest trauma: an evaluation of online resources using mixed methods
Hayley Hutchings
MAX COCHRANE
Ceri Battle
title_short Study to evaluate the readability and visual appearance of online resources for blunt chest trauma: an evaluation of online resources using mixed methods
title_full Study to evaluate the readability and visual appearance of online resources for blunt chest trauma: an evaluation of online resources using mixed methods
title_fullStr Study to evaluate the readability and visual appearance of online resources for blunt chest trauma: an evaluation of online resources using mixed methods
title_full_unstemmed Study to evaluate the readability and visual appearance of online resources for blunt chest trauma: an evaluation of online resources using mixed methods
title_sort Study to evaluate the readability and visual appearance of online resources for blunt chest trauma: an evaluation of online resources using mixed methods
author_id_str_mv bdf5d5f154d339dd92bb25884b7c3652
594872ca35b94ebcc6d73c98c22693a0
9ae21f1afb903db3c39684cd47b94760
author_id_fullname_str_mv bdf5d5f154d339dd92bb25884b7c3652_***_Hayley Hutchings
594872ca35b94ebcc6d73c98c22693a0_***_MAX COCHRANE
9ae21f1afb903db3c39684cd47b94760_***_Ceri Battle
author Hayley Hutchings
MAX COCHRANE
Ceri Battle
author2 Hayley Hutchings
MAX COCHRANE
Ceri Battle
format Journal article
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publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 2044-6055
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doi_str_mv 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078552
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college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science
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description Objectives Blunt chest trauma (BCT) is characterised by forceful and non-penetrative impact to the chest region. Increased access to the internet has led to online healthcare resources becoming used by the public to educate themselves about medical conditions. This study aimed to determine whether online resources for BCT are at an appropriate readability level and visual appearance for the public.Design We undertook a (1) a narrative overview assessment of the website; (2) a visual assessment of the identified website material content using an adapted framework of predetermined key criteria based on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services toolkit and (3) a readability assessment using five readability scores and the Flesch reading ease score using Readable software.Data sources Using a range of key search terms, we searched Google, Bing and Yahoo websites on 9 October 2023 for online resources about BCT.Results We identified and assessed 85 websites. The median visual assessment score for the identified websites was 22, with a range of −14 to 37. The median readability score generated was 9 (14–15 years), with a range of 4.9–15.8. There was a significant association between the visual assessment and readability scores with a tendency for websites with lower readability scores having higher scores for the visual assessment (Spearman’s r=−0.485; p<0.01). The median score for Flesch reading ease was 63.9 (plain English) with a range of 21.1–85.3.Conclusions Although the readability levels and visual appearance were acceptable for the public for many websites, many of the resources had much higher readability scores than the recommended level (8–10) and visually were poor.Better use of images would improve the appearance of websites further. Less medical terminology and shorter word and sentence length would also allow the public to comprehend the contained information more easily.
published_date 2024-03-30T08:27:59Z
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