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Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Adam Grainger Orcid Logo, Paul Comfort Orcid Logo, Craig Twist Orcid Logo, Shane Heffernan Orcid Logo, Giampiero Tarantino Orcid Logo

Sports Medicine, Volume: 54, Pages: 855 - 874

Swansea University Author: Shane Heffernan Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1007/s40279-023-01973-3

Abstract

Background: Elite rugby union is a high-intensity contact sport with position specific high training and match volumes across a season that may lead to periods of fatigue if above a typically experienced threshold. This study assesses the influence of match-play and/or training on fatigue levels in...

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Published in: Sports Medicine
ISSN: 0112-1642 1179-2035
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa65575
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Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of measures used to assess fatigue status in male professional rugby union players. Methods: Using electronic databases, a systematic review of fatigue testing in rugby union was conducted on 1) neuromuscular, 2) subjective self-report, 3) biochemical and 4) heart rate derived measures. Results: Thirty-seven articles were included in this systematic review, of which 14 were further included in a meta-analyses. The results of the meta-analysis revealed small, yet not significant, decreases in countermovement jump height immediately after (ES = -0.29; 95% CIs = -0.64 to 0.06), 24 hours (ES = -0.43; 95% CIs = -3.99 to 3.21), and 48 hours (ES = -0.22; 95% CIs = -0.47 to 0.02) after exposure to rugby union match-play or training. Reported wellness (ES = -0.33; 95% CIs = -1.70 to 1.04) and tiredness (ES = -0.14; 95% CIs = -1.30 to 1.03) declined over a period of a few weeks (however, the results were not-statistically significant), meanwhile muscle soreness increased (ES = 0.91; 95% CIs = 0.06 to 1.75) within the 96 hours after the exposure to rugby union match-play or training. Finally, while cortisol concentrations (ES = 1.87; 95% CIs = -1.54 to 5.29) increased, testosterone declined (ES = -1.54; 95% CIs = -7.16 to 4.08) within the 24 hours after the exposure. However, these results were not-statistically significant. Conclusions: Subjective measures of muscle soreness can be used to assess fatigue after match play and training in rugby union players. 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spelling 2024-10-03T10:40:50.8599540 v2 65575 2024-02-06 Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 72c0b36891dfbec0378c0d0f7916e807 0000-0002-3297-9335 Shane Heffernan Shane Heffernan true false 2024-02-06 EAAS Background: Elite rugby union is a high-intensity contact sport with position specific high training and match volumes across a season that may lead to periods of fatigue if above a typically experienced threshold. This study assesses the influence of match-play and/or training on fatigue levels in rugby union players. Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of measures used to assess fatigue status in male professional rugby union players. Methods: Using electronic databases, a systematic review of fatigue testing in rugby union was conducted on 1) neuromuscular, 2) subjective self-report, 3) biochemical and 4) heart rate derived measures. Results: Thirty-seven articles were included in this systematic review, of which 14 were further included in a meta-analyses. The results of the meta-analysis revealed small, yet not significant, decreases in countermovement jump height immediately after (ES = -0.29; 95% CIs = -0.64 to 0.06), 24 hours (ES = -0.43; 95% CIs = -3.99 to 3.21), and 48 hours (ES = -0.22; 95% CIs = -0.47 to 0.02) after exposure to rugby union match-play or training. Reported wellness (ES = -0.33; 95% CIs = -1.70 to 1.04) and tiredness (ES = -0.14; 95% CIs = -1.30 to 1.03) declined over a period of a few weeks (however, the results were not-statistically significant), meanwhile muscle soreness increased (ES = 0.91; 95% CIs = 0.06 to 1.75) within the 96 hours after the exposure to rugby union match-play or training. Finally, while cortisol concentrations (ES = 1.87; 95% CIs = -1.54 to 5.29) increased, testosterone declined (ES = -1.54; 95% CIs = -7.16 to 4.08) within the 24 hours after the exposure. However, these results were not-statistically significant. Conclusions: Subjective measures of muscle soreness can be used to assess fatigue after match play and training in rugby union players. Within and between-study variability for the countermovement jump (assessed via jump height), biochemical markers and heart-rate derived measures means the utility of these measures to assess fatigue in professional rugby union players after matches and training is unclear. Journal Article Sports Medicine 54 855 874 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 0112-1642 1179-2035 1 4 2024 2024-04-01 10.1007/s40279-023-01973-3 Systematic Review COLLEGE NANME Engineering and Applied Sciences School COLLEGE CODE EAAS Swansea University Not Required No sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this article. 2024-10-03T10:40:50.8599540 2024-02-06T10:12:10.6430714 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences Adam Grainger 0000-0002-3236-4859 1 Paul Comfort 0000-0002-1131-8626 2 Craig Twist 0000-0001-6168-0378 3 Shane Heffernan 0000-0002-3297-9335 4 Giampiero Tarantino 0000-0001-9627-883x 5 65575__29516__58feac8af0a84a1cb2f1ca6a80780e6d.pdf 65575.pdf 2024-02-06T10:17:44.3052842 Output 1267881 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true Author accepted manuscript document released under the terms of a Creative Commons CC-BY licence using the Swansea University Research Publications Policy (rights retention). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
title Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
spellingShingle Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Shane Heffernan
title_short Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
title_full Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
title_fullStr Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
title_sort Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
author_id_str_mv 72c0b36891dfbec0378c0d0f7916e807
author_id_fullname_str_mv 72c0b36891dfbec0378c0d0f7916e807_***_Shane Heffernan
author Shane Heffernan
author2 Adam Grainger
Paul Comfort
Craig Twist
Shane Heffernan
Giampiero Tarantino
format Journal article
container_title Sports Medicine
container_volume 54
container_start_page 855
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 0112-1642
1179-2035
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s40279-023-01973-3
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Background: Elite rugby union is a high-intensity contact sport with position specific high training and match volumes across a season that may lead to periods of fatigue if above a typically experienced threshold. This study assesses the influence of match-play and/or training on fatigue levels in rugby union players. Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of measures used to assess fatigue status in male professional rugby union players. Methods: Using electronic databases, a systematic review of fatigue testing in rugby union was conducted on 1) neuromuscular, 2) subjective self-report, 3) biochemical and 4) heart rate derived measures. Results: Thirty-seven articles were included in this systematic review, of which 14 were further included in a meta-analyses. The results of the meta-analysis revealed small, yet not significant, decreases in countermovement jump height immediately after (ES = -0.29; 95% CIs = -0.64 to 0.06), 24 hours (ES = -0.43; 95% CIs = -3.99 to 3.21), and 48 hours (ES = -0.22; 95% CIs = -0.47 to 0.02) after exposure to rugby union match-play or training. Reported wellness (ES = -0.33; 95% CIs = -1.70 to 1.04) and tiredness (ES = -0.14; 95% CIs = -1.30 to 1.03) declined over a period of a few weeks (however, the results were not-statistically significant), meanwhile muscle soreness increased (ES = 0.91; 95% CIs = 0.06 to 1.75) within the 96 hours after the exposure to rugby union match-play or training. Finally, while cortisol concentrations (ES = 1.87; 95% CIs = -1.54 to 5.29) increased, testosterone declined (ES = -1.54; 95% CIs = -7.16 to 4.08) within the 24 hours after the exposure. However, these results were not-statistically significant. Conclusions: Subjective measures of muscle soreness can be used to assess fatigue after match play and training in rugby union players. Within and between-study variability for the countermovement jump (assessed via jump height), biochemical markers and heart-rate derived measures means the utility of these measures to assess fatigue in professional rugby union players after matches and training is unclear.
published_date 2024-04-01T09:31:31Z
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score 11.058973

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