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Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Adam Grainger Orcid Logo, Paul Comfort Orcid Logo, Craig Twist Orcid Logo, Shane Heffernan Orcid Logo, Giampiero Tarantino Orcid Logo

Sports Medicine

Swansea University Author: Shane Heffernan Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1007/s40279-023-01973-3

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Background: Elite rugby union is a high-intensity contact sport with position specific high training and match volumes across a season that may lead to periods of fatigue if above a typically experienced threshold. This study assesses the influence of match-play and/or training on fatigue levels in...

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Published in: Sports Medicine
ISSN: 0112-1642 1179-2035
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa65575
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This study assesses the influence of match-play and/or training on fatigue levels in rugby union players.Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of measures used to assess fatigue status in male professional rugby union players.Methods: Using electronic databases, a systematic review of fatigue testing in rugby union was conducted on 1) neuromuscular, 2) subjective self-report, 3) biochemical and 4) heart rate derived measures.Results: Thirty-seven articles were included in this systematic review, of which 14 were further included in a meta-analyses. The results of the meta-analysis revealed small, yet not significant, decreases in countermovement jump height immediately after (ES = -0.29; 95% CIs = -0.64 to 0.06), 24 hours (ES = -0.43; 95% CIs = -3.99 to 3.21), and 48 hours (ES = -0.22; 95% CIs = -0.47 to 0.02) after exposure to rugby union match-play or training. Reported wellness (ES = -0.33; 95% CIs = -1.70 to 1.04) and tiredness (ES = -0.14; 95% CIs = -1.30 to 1.03) declined over a period of a few weeks (however, the results were not-statistically significant), meanwhile muscle soreness increased (ES = 0.91; 95% CIs = 0.06 to 1.75) within the 96 hours after the exposure to rugby union match-play or training. Finally, while cortisol concentrations (ES = 1.87; 95% CIs = -1.54 to 5.29) increased, testosterone declined (ES = -1.54; 95% CIs = -7.16 to 4.08) within the 24 hours after the exposure. However, these results were not-statistically significant.Conclusions: Subjective measures of muscle soreness can be used to assess fatigue after match play and training in rugby union players. Within and between-study variability for the countermovement jump (assessed via jump height), biochemical markers and heart-rate derived measures means the utility of these measures to assess fatigue in professional rugby union players after matches and training is unclear.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Sports Medicine</journal><volume>0</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0112-1642</issnPrint><issnElectronic>1179-2035</issnElectronic><keywords/><publishedDay>20</publishedDay><publishedMonth>12</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2023</publishedYear><publishedDate>2023-12-20</publishedDate><doi>10.1007/s40279-023-01973-3</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Sport and Exercise Sciences</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>STSC</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>No sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this article</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-04-04T16:08:06.5826927</lastEdited><Created>2024-02-06T10:12:10.6430714</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Adam</firstname><surname>Grainger</surname><orcid>0000-0002-3236-4859</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Paul</firstname><surname>Comfort</surname><orcid>0000-0002-1131-8626</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Craig</firstname><surname>Twist</surname><orcid>0000-0001-6168-0378</orcid><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Shane</firstname><surname>Heffernan</surname><orcid>0000-0002-3297-9335</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Giampiero</firstname><surname>Tarantino</surname><orcid>0000-0001-9627-883x</orcid><order>5</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>65575__29516__58feac8af0a84a1cb2f1ca6a80780e6d.pdf</filename><originalFilename>65575.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2024-02-06T10:17:44.3052842</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1267881</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Accepted Manuscript</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>Author accepted manuscript document released under the terms of a Creative Commons CC-BY licence using the Swansea University Research Publications Policy (rights retention).</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling v2 65575 2024-02-06 Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 72c0b36891dfbec0378c0d0f7916e807 0000-0002-3297-9335 Shane Heffernan Shane Heffernan true false 2024-02-06 STSC Background: Elite rugby union is a high-intensity contact sport with position specific high training and match volumes across a season that may lead to periods of fatigue if above a typically experienced threshold. This study assesses the influence of match-play and/or training on fatigue levels in rugby union players.Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of measures used to assess fatigue status in male professional rugby union players.Methods: Using electronic databases, a systematic review of fatigue testing in rugby union was conducted on 1) neuromuscular, 2) subjective self-report, 3) biochemical and 4) heart rate derived measures.Results: Thirty-seven articles were included in this systematic review, of which 14 were further included in a meta-analyses. The results of the meta-analysis revealed small, yet not significant, decreases in countermovement jump height immediately after (ES = -0.29; 95% CIs = -0.64 to 0.06), 24 hours (ES = -0.43; 95% CIs = -3.99 to 3.21), and 48 hours (ES = -0.22; 95% CIs = -0.47 to 0.02) after exposure to rugby union match-play or training. Reported wellness (ES = -0.33; 95% CIs = -1.70 to 1.04) and tiredness (ES = -0.14; 95% CIs = -1.30 to 1.03) declined over a period of a few weeks (however, the results were not-statistically significant), meanwhile muscle soreness increased (ES = 0.91; 95% CIs = 0.06 to 1.75) within the 96 hours after the exposure to rugby union match-play or training. Finally, while cortisol concentrations (ES = 1.87; 95% CIs = -1.54 to 5.29) increased, testosterone declined (ES = -1.54; 95% CIs = -7.16 to 4.08) within the 24 hours after the exposure. However, these results were not-statistically significant.Conclusions: Subjective measures of muscle soreness can be used to assess fatigue after match play and training in rugby union players. Within and between-study variability for the countermovement jump (assessed via jump height), biochemical markers and heart-rate derived measures means the utility of these measures to assess fatigue in professional rugby union players after matches and training is unclear. Journal Article Sports Medicine 0 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 0112-1642 1179-2035 20 12 2023 2023-12-20 10.1007/s40279-023-01973-3 COLLEGE NANME Sport and Exercise Sciences COLLEGE CODE STSC Swansea University No sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this article 2024-04-04T16:08:06.5826927 2024-02-06T10:12:10.6430714 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences Adam Grainger 0000-0002-3236-4859 1 Paul Comfort 0000-0002-1131-8626 2 Craig Twist 0000-0001-6168-0378 3 Shane Heffernan 0000-0002-3297-9335 4 Giampiero Tarantino 0000-0001-9627-883x 5 65575__29516__58feac8af0a84a1cb2f1ca6a80780e6d.pdf 65575.pdf 2024-02-06T10:17:44.3052842 Output 1267881 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true Author accepted manuscript document released under the terms of a Creative Commons CC-BY licence using the Swansea University Research Publications Policy (rights retention). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
title Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
spellingShingle Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Shane Heffernan
title_short Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
title_full Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
title_fullStr Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
title_sort Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
author_id_str_mv 72c0b36891dfbec0378c0d0f7916e807
author_id_fullname_str_mv 72c0b36891dfbec0378c0d0f7916e807_***_Shane Heffernan
author Shane Heffernan
author2 Adam Grainger
Paul Comfort
Craig Twist
Shane Heffernan
Giampiero Tarantino
format Journal article
container_title Sports Medicine
container_volume 0
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 0112-1642
1179-2035
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s40279-023-01973-3
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Background: Elite rugby union is a high-intensity contact sport with position specific high training and match volumes across a season that may lead to periods of fatigue if above a typically experienced threshold. This study assesses the influence of match-play and/or training on fatigue levels in rugby union players.Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of measures used to assess fatigue status in male professional rugby union players.Methods: Using electronic databases, a systematic review of fatigue testing in rugby union was conducted on 1) neuromuscular, 2) subjective self-report, 3) biochemical and 4) heart rate derived measures.Results: Thirty-seven articles were included in this systematic review, of which 14 were further included in a meta-analyses. The results of the meta-analysis revealed small, yet not significant, decreases in countermovement jump height immediately after (ES = -0.29; 95% CIs = -0.64 to 0.06), 24 hours (ES = -0.43; 95% CIs = -3.99 to 3.21), and 48 hours (ES = -0.22; 95% CIs = -0.47 to 0.02) after exposure to rugby union match-play or training. Reported wellness (ES = -0.33; 95% CIs = -1.70 to 1.04) and tiredness (ES = -0.14; 95% CIs = -1.30 to 1.03) declined over a period of a few weeks (however, the results were not-statistically significant), meanwhile muscle soreness increased (ES = 0.91; 95% CIs = 0.06 to 1.75) within the 96 hours after the exposure to rugby union match-play or training. Finally, while cortisol concentrations (ES = 1.87; 95% CIs = -1.54 to 5.29) increased, testosterone declined (ES = -1.54; 95% CIs = -7.16 to 4.08) within the 24 hours after the exposure. However, these results were not-statistically significant.Conclusions: Subjective measures of muscle soreness can be used to assess fatigue after match play and training in rugby union players. Within and between-study variability for the countermovement jump (assessed via jump height), biochemical markers and heart-rate derived measures means the utility of these measures to assess fatigue in professional rugby union players after matches and training is unclear.
published_date 2023-12-20T16:08:02Z
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score 11.013148

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