No Cover Image

Journal article 316 views 34 downloads

Far from the threatening crowd: Generalisation of conditioned threat expectancy and fear in COVID-19 lockdown

Simon Dymond, Gemma Cameron, Daniel V. Zuj, Martyn Quigley, Simon Dymond Orcid Logo, Gemma Cuddihy, Daniel Zuj, Martyn Quigley

Learning & Behavior, Volume: 52, Pages: 262 - 271

Swansea University Authors: Simon Dymond Orcid Logo, Gemma Cuddihy, Daniel Zuj, Martyn Quigley

  • 65538.pdf

    PDF | Version of Record

    © The Author(s) 2024. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

    Download (978.27KB)

Check full text

DOI (Published version): 10.3758/s13420-024-00625-4

Abstract

Fear and anxiety are rarely confined to specific stimuli or situations. In fear generalisation, there is a spread of fear responses elicited by physically dissimilar generalisation stimuli (GS) along a continuum between danger and safety. The current study investigated fear generalisation with a nov...

Full description

Published in: Learning & Behavior
ISSN: 1543-4494 1543-4508
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2024
Online Access: Check full text

URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa65538
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
first_indexed 2024-01-31T12:10:32Z
last_indexed 2024-01-31T12:10:32Z
id cronfa65538
recordtype SURis
fullrecord <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><rfc1807 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>65538</id><entry>2024-01-30</entry><title>Far from the threatening crowd: Generalisation of conditioned threat expectancy and fear in COVID-19 lockdown</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>8ed0024546f2588fdb0073a7d6fbc075</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-1319-4492</ORCID><firstname>Simon</firstname><surname>Dymond</surname><name>Simon Dymond</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>0689d6e6f7f63ed20ffe78cea9c07646</sid><firstname>Gemma</firstname><surname>Cuddihy</surname><name>Gemma Cuddihy</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>e4ea88775fc5b3764aa6322a2285a582</sid><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Zuj</surname><name>Daniel Zuj</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>45ba0b00b12b2a4cd533dcd42f0121d9</sid><firstname>Martyn</firstname><surname>Quigley</surname><name>Martyn Quigley</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2024-01-30</date><deptcode>PSYS</deptcode><abstract>Fear and anxiety are rarely confined to specific stimuli or situations. In fear generalisation, there is a spread of fear responses elicited by physically dissimilar generalisation stimuli (GS) along a continuum between danger and safety. The current study investigated fear generalisation with a novel online task using COVID-19-relevant stimuli (i.e., busy or quiet shopping street/mall scenes) during pandemic lockdown restrictions in the United Kingdom. Participants (N = 50) first completed clinically relevant trait measures before commencing a habituation phase, where two conditioned stimuli (CSs; i.e., a busy or quiet high street/mall scene) were presented. Participants then underwent fear conditioning where one conditioned stimulus (CS+) was followed by an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US; a loud female scream accompanied by a facial photograph of a female displaying a fearful emotion) and another (CS-) was not. In a test phase, six generalisation stimuli were presented where the US was withheld, and participants provided threat expectancy and fear ratings for all stimuli. Following successful conditioning, fear generalization was observed for both threat expectancy and fear ratings. Trait worry partially predicted generalised threat expectancy and COVID-19 fear strongly predicted generalised fear. In conclusion, a generalisation gradient was evident using an online remote generalisation task with images of busy/quiet streets during the pandemic. Worry and fear of COVID-19 predicted fear generalisation.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Learning &amp; Behavior</journal><volume>52</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>262</paginationStart><paginationEnd>271</paginationEnd><publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>1543-4494</issnPrint><issnElectronic>1543-4508</issnElectronic><keywords>Generalisation; Threat expectancy; Fear conditioning; COVID-19; Worry</keywords><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>9</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2024</publishedYear><publishedDate>2024-09-01</publishedDate><doi>10.3758/s13420-024-00625-4</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Psychology School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>PSYS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal)</apcterm><funders>This work was supported by a Ser Cymru Welsh Government Office for Science (Ser Cymru Tackling COVID-19) grant (WG Project Number 95).</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-10-17T15:55:46.0420710</lastEdited><Created>2024-01-30T08:40:56.3544970</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">School of Psychology</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Simon</firstname><surname>Dymond</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Gemma</firstname><surname>Cameron</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Daniel V.</firstname><surname>Zuj</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Martyn</firstname><surname>Quigley</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Simon</firstname><surname>Dymond</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1319-4492</orcid><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Gemma</firstname><surname>Cuddihy</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Zuj</surname><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Martyn</firstname><surname>Quigley</surname><order>8</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>65538__29639__7ad2a1f8992a4a5d915651c442c1b8b5.pdf</filename><originalFilename>65538.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2024-03-05T12:01:53.5902636</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1001753</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>© The Author(s) 2024. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling v2 65538 2024-01-30 Far from the threatening crowd: Generalisation of conditioned threat expectancy and fear in COVID-19 lockdown 8ed0024546f2588fdb0073a7d6fbc075 0000-0003-1319-4492 Simon Dymond Simon Dymond true false 0689d6e6f7f63ed20ffe78cea9c07646 Gemma Cuddihy Gemma Cuddihy true false e4ea88775fc5b3764aa6322a2285a582 Daniel Zuj Daniel Zuj true false 45ba0b00b12b2a4cd533dcd42f0121d9 Martyn Quigley Martyn Quigley true false 2024-01-30 PSYS Fear and anxiety are rarely confined to specific stimuli or situations. In fear generalisation, there is a spread of fear responses elicited by physically dissimilar generalisation stimuli (GS) along a continuum between danger and safety. The current study investigated fear generalisation with a novel online task using COVID-19-relevant stimuli (i.e., busy or quiet shopping street/mall scenes) during pandemic lockdown restrictions in the United Kingdom. Participants (N = 50) first completed clinically relevant trait measures before commencing a habituation phase, where two conditioned stimuli (CSs; i.e., a busy or quiet high street/mall scene) were presented. Participants then underwent fear conditioning where one conditioned stimulus (CS+) was followed by an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US; a loud female scream accompanied by a facial photograph of a female displaying a fearful emotion) and another (CS-) was not. In a test phase, six generalisation stimuli were presented where the US was withheld, and participants provided threat expectancy and fear ratings for all stimuli. Following successful conditioning, fear generalization was observed for both threat expectancy and fear ratings. Trait worry partially predicted generalised threat expectancy and COVID-19 fear strongly predicted generalised fear. In conclusion, a generalisation gradient was evident using an online remote generalisation task with images of busy/quiet streets during the pandemic. Worry and fear of COVID-19 predicted fear generalisation. Journal Article Learning & Behavior 52 262 271 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 1543-4494 1543-4508 Generalisation; Threat expectancy; Fear conditioning; COVID-19; Worry 1 9 2024 2024-09-01 10.3758/s13420-024-00625-4 COLLEGE NANME Psychology School COLLEGE CODE PSYS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) This work was supported by a Ser Cymru Welsh Government Office for Science (Ser Cymru Tackling COVID-19) grant (WG Project Number 95). 2024-10-17T15:55:46.0420710 2024-01-30T08:40:56.3544970 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Simon Dymond 1 Gemma Cameron 2 Daniel V. Zuj 3 Martyn Quigley 4 Simon Dymond 0000-0003-1319-4492 5 Gemma Cuddihy 6 Daniel Zuj 7 Martyn Quigley 8 65538__29639__7ad2a1f8992a4a5d915651c442c1b8b5.pdf 65538.pdf 2024-03-05T12:01:53.5902636 Output 1001753 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2024. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Far from the threatening crowd: Generalisation of conditioned threat expectancy and fear in COVID-19 lockdown
spellingShingle Far from the threatening crowd: Generalisation of conditioned threat expectancy and fear in COVID-19 lockdown
Simon Dymond
Gemma Cuddihy
Daniel Zuj
Martyn Quigley
title_short Far from the threatening crowd: Generalisation of conditioned threat expectancy and fear in COVID-19 lockdown
title_full Far from the threatening crowd: Generalisation of conditioned threat expectancy and fear in COVID-19 lockdown
title_fullStr Far from the threatening crowd: Generalisation of conditioned threat expectancy and fear in COVID-19 lockdown
title_full_unstemmed Far from the threatening crowd: Generalisation of conditioned threat expectancy and fear in COVID-19 lockdown
title_sort Far from the threatening crowd: Generalisation of conditioned threat expectancy and fear in COVID-19 lockdown
author_id_str_mv 8ed0024546f2588fdb0073a7d6fbc075
0689d6e6f7f63ed20ffe78cea9c07646
e4ea88775fc5b3764aa6322a2285a582
45ba0b00b12b2a4cd533dcd42f0121d9
author_id_fullname_str_mv 8ed0024546f2588fdb0073a7d6fbc075_***_Simon Dymond
0689d6e6f7f63ed20ffe78cea9c07646_***_Gemma Cuddihy
e4ea88775fc5b3764aa6322a2285a582_***_Daniel Zuj
45ba0b00b12b2a4cd533dcd42f0121d9_***_Martyn Quigley
author Simon Dymond
Gemma Cuddihy
Daniel Zuj
Martyn Quigley
author2 Simon Dymond
Gemma Cameron
Daniel V. Zuj
Martyn Quigley
Simon Dymond
Gemma Cuddihy
Daniel Zuj
Martyn Quigley
format Journal article
container_title Learning & Behavior
container_volume 52
container_start_page 262
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 1543-4494
1543-4508
doi_str_mv 10.3758/s13420-024-00625-4
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Fear and anxiety are rarely confined to specific stimuli or situations. In fear generalisation, there is a spread of fear responses elicited by physically dissimilar generalisation stimuli (GS) along a continuum between danger and safety. The current study investigated fear generalisation with a novel online task using COVID-19-relevant stimuli (i.e., busy or quiet shopping street/mall scenes) during pandemic lockdown restrictions in the United Kingdom. Participants (N = 50) first completed clinically relevant trait measures before commencing a habituation phase, where two conditioned stimuli (CSs; i.e., a busy or quiet high street/mall scene) were presented. Participants then underwent fear conditioning where one conditioned stimulus (CS+) was followed by an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US; a loud female scream accompanied by a facial photograph of a female displaying a fearful emotion) and another (CS-) was not. In a test phase, six generalisation stimuli were presented where the US was withheld, and participants provided threat expectancy and fear ratings for all stimuli. Following successful conditioning, fear generalization was observed for both threat expectancy and fear ratings. Trait worry partially predicted generalised threat expectancy and COVID-19 fear strongly predicted generalised fear. In conclusion, a generalisation gradient was evident using an online remote generalisation task with images of busy/quiet streets during the pandemic. Worry and fear of COVID-19 predicted fear generalisation.
published_date 2024-09-01T15:55:43Z
_version_ 1813173442966454272
score 11.037581

Similar Items