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Sensor-Based Glucose Metrics during Different Diet Compositions in Type 1 Diabetes—A Randomized One-Week Crossover Trial

Kasper B. Kristensen Orcid Logo, Ajenthen G. Ranjan Orcid Logo, Olivia M. McCarthy, Richard Bracken Orcid Logo, Kirsten Nørgaard Orcid Logo, Signe Schmidt Orcid Logo

Nutrients, Volume: 16, Issue: 2, Start page: 199

Swansea University Author: Richard Bracken Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/nu16020199

Abstract

By reducing carbohydrate intake, people with type 1 diabetes may reduce fluctuations in blood glucose, but the evidence in this area is sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate glucose metrics during a one-week low-carbohydrate-high-fat (HF) and a low-carbohydrate-high-protein (HP) diet comp...

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Published in: Nutrients
ISSN: 2072-6643
Published: MDPI AG 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa65503
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spelling v2 65503 2024-01-24 Sensor-Based Glucose Metrics during Different Diet Compositions in Type 1 Diabetes—A Randomized One-Week Crossover Trial f5da81cd18adfdedb2ccb845bddc12f7 0000-0002-6986-6449 Richard Bracken Richard Bracken true false 2024-01-24 STSC By reducing carbohydrate intake, people with type 1 diabetes may reduce fluctuations in blood glucose, but the evidence in this area is sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate glucose metrics during a one-week low-carbohydrate-high-fat (HF) and a low-carbohydrate-high-protein (HP) diet compared with an isocaloric high-carbohydrate (HC) diet. In a randomized, three-period cross-over study, twelve adults with insulin-pump-treated type 1 diabetes followed an HC (energy provided by carbohydrate: 48%, fat: 33%, protein: 19%), HF (19%, 62%, 19%), and an HP (19%, 57%, 24%) diet for one week. Glucose values were obtained during intervention periods using a Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitoring system. Participant characteristics were: 33% females, median (range) age 50 (22–70) years, diabetes duration 25 (11–52) years, HbA1c 7.3 (5.5–8.3)% (57 (37–67) mmol/mol), and BMI 27.3 (21.3–35.9) kg/m2. Glycemic variability was lower with HF (30.5 ± 6.2%) and HP (30.0 ± 5.5%) compared with HC (34.5 ± 4.1%) (PHF-HC = 0.009, PHP-HC = 0.003). There was no difference between groups in mean glucose (HF: 8.7 ± 1.1, HP: 8.2 ± 1.0, HC: 8.7 ± 1.0 mmol/L, POverall = 0.08). Time > 10.0 mmol/L was lower with HP (22.3 ± 11.8%) compared with HF (29.4 ± 12.1%) and HC (29.5 ± 13.4%) (PHF-HP = 0.037, PHC-HP = 0.037). In conclusion, a one-week HF and, specifically, an HP diet improved glucose metrics compared with an isocaloric HC diet. Journal Article Nutrients 16 2 199 MDPI AG 2072-6643 glucose management; high fat; high protein; insulin therapy; low carbohydrate; macronutrient composition; type 1 diabetes 8 1 2024 2024-01-08 10.3390/nu16020199 Data Availability Statement:The data presented in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The data are not publicly available due to data protection rules. COLLEGE NANME Sport and Exercise Sciences COLLEGE CODE STSC Swansea University This research received no external funding. 2024-03-20T16:16:12.8173540 2024-01-24T13:10:07.0304953 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences Kasper B. Kristensen 0000-0001-8614-6729 1 Ajenthen G. Ranjan 0000-0002-2253-6071 2 Olivia M. McCarthy 3 Richard Bracken 0000-0002-6986-6449 4 Kirsten Nørgaard 0000-0003-1620-8271 5 Signe Schmidt 0000-0002-6968-6675 6 65503__29468__11fdf73f3ff1440f96b7d9b920ece09f.pdf Richard B VOR.pdf 2024-01-24T13:13:46.1096744 Output 541903 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Sensor-Based Glucose Metrics during Different Diet Compositions in Type 1 Diabetes—A Randomized One-Week Crossover Trial
spellingShingle Sensor-Based Glucose Metrics during Different Diet Compositions in Type 1 Diabetes—A Randomized One-Week Crossover Trial
Richard Bracken
title_short Sensor-Based Glucose Metrics during Different Diet Compositions in Type 1 Diabetes—A Randomized One-Week Crossover Trial
title_full Sensor-Based Glucose Metrics during Different Diet Compositions in Type 1 Diabetes—A Randomized One-Week Crossover Trial
title_fullStr Sensor-Based Glucose Metrics during Different Diet Compositions in Type 1 Diabetes—A Randomized One-Week Crossover Trial
title_full_unstemmed Sensor-Based Glucose Metrics during Different Diet Compositions in Type 1 Diabetes—A Randomized One-Week Crossover Trial
title_sort Sensor-Based Glucose Metrics during Different Diet Compositions in Type 1 Diabetes—A Randomized One-Week Crossover Trial
author_id_str_mv f5da81cd18adfdedb2ccb845bddc12f7
author_id_fullname_str_mv f5da81cd18adfdedb2ccb845bddc12f7_***_Richard Bracken
author Richard Bracken
author2 Kasper B. Kristensen
Ajenthen G. Ranjan
Olivia M. McCarthy
Richard Bracken
Kirsten Nørgaard
Signe Schmidt
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container_title Nutrients
container_volume 16
container_issue 2
container_start_page 199
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 2072-6643
doi_str_mv 10.3390/nu16020199
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences
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description By reducing carbohydrate intake, people with type 1 diabetes may reduce fluctuations in blood glucose, but the evidence in this area is sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate glucose metrics during a one-week low-carbohydrate-high-fat (HF) and a low-carbohydrate-high-protein (HP) diet compared with an isocaloric high-carbohydrate (HC) diet. In a randomized, three-period cross-over study, twelve adults with insulin-pump-treated type 1 diabetes followed an HC (energy provided by carbohydrate: 48%, fat: 33%, protein: 19%), HF (19%, 62%, 19%), and an HP (19%, 57%, 24%) diet for one week. Glucose values were obtained during intervention periods using a Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitoring system. Participant characteristics were: 33% females, median (range) age 50 (22–70) years, diabetes duration 25 (11–52) years, HbA1c 7.3 (5.5–8.3)% (57 (37–67) mmol/mol), and BMI 27.3 (21.3–35.9) kg/m2. Glycemic variability was lower with HF (30.5 ± 6.2%) and HP (30.0 ± 5.5%) compared with HC (34.5 ± 4.1%) (PHF-HC = 0.009, PHP-HC = 0.003). There was no difference between groups in mean glucose (HF: 8.7 ± 1.1, HP: 8.2 ± 1.0, HC: 8.7 ± 1.0 mmol/L, POverall = 0.08). Time > 10.0 mmol/L was lower with HP (22.3 ± 11.8%) compared with HF (29.4 ± 12.1%) and HC (29.5 ± 13.4%) (PHF-HP = 0.037, PHC-HP = 0.037). In conclusion, a one-week HF and, specifically, an HP diet improved glucose metrics compared with an isocaloric HC diet.
published_date 2024-01-08T16:16:08Z
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