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Controls on calving at a large Greenland tidewater glacier: stress regime, self-organised criticality and the crevasse-depth calving law

Douglas I. Benn, Joe Todd, Adrian Luckman Orcid Logo, Suzanne Bevan Orcid Logo, Thomas R. Chudley Orcid Logo, Jan Åström, Thomas Zwinger, Samuel Cook Orcid Logo, Poul Christoffersen Orcid Logo

Journal of Glaciology, Pages: 1 - 16

Swansea University Authors: Adrian Luckman Orcid Logo, Suzanne Bevan Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1017/jog.2023.81

Abstract

We investigate the physical basis of the crevasse-depth (CD) calving law by analysing relationships between glaciological stresses and calving behaviour at Sermeq Kujalleq (Store Glacier), Greenland. Our observations and model simulations show that the glacier has a stable position defined by a comp...

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Published in: Journal of Glaciology
ISSN: 0022-1430 1727-5652
Published: Cambridge University Press (CUP) 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa65465
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Our observations and model simulations show that the glacier has a stable position defined by a compressive arch between lateral pinning points. Ice advance beyond the arch results in calving back to the stable position; conversely, if melt-undercutting forces the ice front behind the stable position, it readvances because ice velocities exceed subaqueous melt rates. This behaviour is typical of self-organising criticality, in which the stable ice-front position acts as an attractor between unstable super-critical and sub-critical regimes. This perspective provides strong support for a ‘position-law’ approach to modelling calving at Sermeq Kujalleq, because any calving ‘rate’ is simply a by-product of how quickly ice is delivered to the critical point. The CD calving law predicts ice-front position from the penetration of surface and basal crevasse fields, and accurately simulates super-critical calving back to the compressive arch and melt-driven calving into the sub-critical zone. 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spelling v2 65465 2024-01-22 Controls on calving at a large Greenland tidewater glacier: stress regime, self-organised criticality and the crevasse-depth calving law 008cb668b2671b653a88677f075799a9 0000-0002-9618-5905 Adrian Luckman Adrian Luckman true false 758d19253522c8c306d4eea0e6e484f6 0000-0003-2649-2982 Suzanne Bevan Suzanne Bevan true false 2024-01-22 BGPS We investigate the physical basis of the crevasse-depth (CD) calving law by analysing relationships between glaciological stresses and calving behaviour at Sermeq Kujalleq (Store Glacier), Greenland. Our observations and model simulations show that the glacier has a stable position defined by a compressive arch between lateral pinning points. Ice advance beyond the arch results in calving back to the stable position; conversely, if melt-undercutting forces the ice front behind the stable position, it readvances because ice velocities exceed subaqueous melt rates. This behaviour is typical of self-organising criticality, in which the stable ice-front position acts as an attractor between unstable super-critical and sub-critical regimes. This perspective provides strong support for a ‘position-law’ approach to modelling calving at Sermeq Kujalleq, because any calving ‘rate’ is simply a by-product of how quickly ice is delivered to the critical point. The CD calving law predicts ice-front position from the penetration of surface and basal crevasse fields, and accurately simulates super-critical calving back to the compressive arch and melt-driven calving into the sub-critical zone. The CD calving law reflects the glaciological controls on calving at Sermeq Kujalleq and exhibits considerable skill in simulating its mean position and seasonal fluctuations. Journal Article Journal of Glaciology 0 1 16 Cambridge University Press (CUP) 0022-1430 1727-5652 Calving; glacier calving; glacier modelling 5 12 2023 2023-12-05 10.1017/jog.2023.81 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee Funding for satellite image analysis and modelling was provided by NERC, grant number NE/P011365/1 CALISMO (Calving Laws for Ice Sheet Models). Field data collection was funded by the European Research Council as part of the RESPONDER project under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant 683043) and a Natural Environment Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership Studentship held by T.R.C. (grant NE/L002507/1). 2024-10-01T12:19:36.5467092 2024-01-22T08:56:28.2248260 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography Douglas I. Benn 1 Joe Todd 2 Adrian Luckman 0000-0002-9618-5905 3 Suzanne Bevan 0000-0003-2649-2982 4 Thomas R. Chudley 0000-0001-8547-1132 5 Jan Åström 6 Thomas Zwinger 7 Samuel Cook 0000-0002-3266-7323 8 Poul Christoffersen 0000-0003-2643-8724 9 65465__29471__f262ba9d2b424f1d8c331f2afe767f07.pdf Adrian L VOR.pdf 2024-01-24T14:06:05.4752846 Output 12139501 application/pdf Version of Record true This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Controls on calving at a large Greenland tidewater glacier: stress regime, self-organised criticality and the crevasse-depth calving law
spellingShingle Controls on calving at a large Greenland tidewater glacier: stress regime, self-organised criticality and the crevasse-depth calving law
Adrian Luckman
Suzanne Bevan
title_short Controls on calving at a large Greenland tidewater glacier: stress regime, self-organised criticality and the crevasse-depth calving law
title_full Controls on calving at a large Greenland tidewater glacier: stress regime, self-organised criticality and the crevasse-depth calving law
title_fullStr Controls on calving at a large Greenland tidewater glacier: stress regime, self-organised criticality and the crevasse-depth calving law
title_full_unstemmed Controls on calving at a large Greenland tidewater glacier: stress regime, self-organised criticality and the crevasse-depth calving law
title_sort Controls on calving at a large Greenland tidewater glacier: stress regime, self-organised criticality and the crevasse-depth calving law
author_id_str_mv 008cb668b2671b653a88677f075799a9
758d19253522c8c306d4eea0e6e484f6
author_id_fullname_str_mv 008cb668b2671b653a88677f075799a9_***_Adrian Luckman
758d19253522c8c306d4eea0e6e484f6_***_Suzanne Bevan
author Adrian Luckman
Suzanne Bevan
author2 Douglas I. Benn
Joe Todd
Adrian Luckman
Suzanne Bevan
Thomas R. Chudley
Jan Åström
Thomas Zwinger
Samuel Cook
Poul Christoffersen
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Glaciology
container_volume 0
container_start_page 1
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 0022-1430
1727-5652
doi_str_mv 10.1017/jog.2023.81
publisher Cambridge University Press (CUP)
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description We investigate the physical basis of the crevasse-depth (CD) calving law by analysing relationships between glaciological stresses and calving behaviour at Sermeq Kujalleq (Store Glacier), Greenland. Our observations and model simulations show that the glacier has a stable position defined by a compressive arch between lateral pinning points. Ice advance beyond the arch results in calving back to the stable position; conversely, if melt-undercutting forces the ice front behind the stable position, it readvances because ice velocities exceed subaqueous melt rates. This behaviour is typical of self-organising criticality, in which the stable ice-front position acts as an attractor between unstable super-critical and sub-critical regimes. This perspective provides strong support for a ‘position-law’ approach to modelling calving at Sermeq Kujalleq, because any calving ‘rate’ is simply a by-product of how quickly ice is delivered to the critical point. The CD calving law predicts ice-front position from the penetration of surface and basal crevasse fields, and accurately simulates super-critical calving back to the compressive arch and melt-driven calving into the sub-critical zone. The CD calving law reflects the glaciological controls on calving at Sermeq Kujalleq and exhibits considerable skill in simulating its mean position and seasonal fluctuations.
published_date 2023-12-05T12:19:35Z
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