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The cost of implementing the COVID-19 shielding policy in Wales

Berni Sewell Orcid Logo, Angela Farr Orcid Logo, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo, Andrew Carson-Stevens Orcid Logo, Jeremy Dale Orcid Logo, Adrian Edwards Orcid Logo, Bridie Angela Evans Orcid Logo, Ann John Orcid Logo, Fatemeh Torabi Orcid Logo, Stephen Jolles Orcid Logo, Mark Kingston Orcid Logo, Jane Lyons, Ronan Lyons Orcid Logo, Alison Porter Orcid Logo, Alan Watkins Orcid Logo, Victoria Williams Orcid Logo, Helen Snooks Orcid Logo

BMC Public Health, Volume: 23, Issue: 1

Swansea University Authors: Berni Sewell Orcid Logo, Angela Farr Orcid Logo, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo, Ann John Orcid Logo, Fatemeh Torabi Orcid Logo, Mark Kingston Orcid Logo, Ronan Lyons Orcid Logo, Alison Porter Orcid Logo, Alan Watkins Orcid Logo, Helen Snooks Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1186/s12889-023-17169-3

Abstract

Background: The EVITE Immunity study investigated the effects of shielding Clinically Extremely Vulnerable (CEV) people during the COVID-19 pandemic on health outcomes and healthcare costs in Wales, United Kingdom, to help prepare for future pandemics. Shielding was intended to protect those at high...

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Published in: BMC Public Health
ISSN: 1471-2458
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2023
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Shielding was intended to protect those at highest risk of serious harm from COVID-19. We report the cost of implementing shielding in Wales. Methods: The number of people shielding was extracted from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank. Resources supporting shielding between March and June 2020 were mapped using published reports, web pages, freedom of information requests to Welsh Government and personal communications (e.g. with the office of the Chief Medical Officer for Wales). Results: At the beginning of shielding, 117,415 people were on the shielding list. The total additional cost to support those advised to stay home during the initial 14 weeks of the pandemic was £13,307,654 (£113 per person shielded). This included the new resources required to compile the shielding list, inform CEV people of the shielding intervention and provide medicine and food deliveries. The list was adjusted weekly over the 3-month period (130,000 people identified by June 2020). Therefore the cost per person shielded lies between £102 and £113 per person. Conclusion: This is the first evaluation of the cost of the measures put in place to support those identified to shield in Wales. However, no data on opportunity cost was available. The true costs of shielding including its budget impact and opportunity costs need to be investigated to decide whether shielding is a worthwhile policy for future health emergencies.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>BMC Public Health</journal><volume>23</volume><journalNumber>1</journalNumber><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>1471-2458</issnElectronic><keywords>COVID-19, Shielding, Clinically vulnerable, Secure anonymised data, Implementation, Resources, Cost</keywords><publishedDay>26</publishedDay><publishedMonth>11</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2023</publishedYear><publishedDate>2023-11-26</publishedDate><doi>10.1186/s12889-023-17169-3</doi><url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17169-3</url><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Public Health</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>PHAC</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>The EVITE Immunity study is supported by the National Core Studies Immunity (NCSi4P) Programme (award number UoB WT Ref: 1745068). This work was supported by the Con-COV team funded by the Medical Research Council (grant number: MR/V028367/1) and by Health Data Research UK, which receives its funding from HDR UK Ltd (HDR-9006) funded by the UK Medical Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Department of Health and Social Care (England), Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates, Health and Social Care Research and Development Division (Welsh Government), Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the Wellcome Trust. Furthermore, this work was supported by the ADR Wales programme of work (award number ES/S007393/1). ADR Wales is part of the Economic and Social Research Council (part of UK Research and Innovation) funded ADR UK (grant ES/S007393/1). This work was supported by the Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre, funded by Health and Care Research Wales.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-01-03T12:01:32.7393657</lastEdited><Created>2023-11-27T09:20:05.7596104</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Berni</firstname><surname>Sewell</surname><orcid>0000-0001-5471-922X</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Angela</firstname><surname>Farr</surname><orcid>0000-0002-2087-9310</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Ashley</firstname><surname>Akbari</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0814-0801</orcid><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Andrew</firstname><surname>Carson-Stevens</surname><orcid>0000-0002-7580-7699</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Jeremy</firstname><surname>Dale</surname><orcid>0000-0001-9256-3553</orcid><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Adrian</firstname><surname>Edwards</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6228-4446</orcid><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Bridie Angela</firstname><surname>Evans</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0293-0888</orcid><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Ann</firstname><surname>John</surname><orcid>0000-0002-5657-6995</orcid><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Fatemeh</firstname><surname>Torabi</surname><orcid>0000-0002-5853-4625</orcid><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>Stephen</firstname><surname>Jolles</surname><orcid>0000-0002-7394-6804</orcid><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Mark</firstname><surname>Kingston</surname><orcid>0000-0003-2242-4210</orcid><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>Jane</firstname><surname>Lyons</surname><order>12</order></author><author><firstname>Ronan</firstname><surname>Lyons</surname><orcid>0000-0001-5225-000X</orcid><order>13</order></author><author><firstname>Alison</firstname><surname>Porter</surname><orcid>0000-0002-3408-7007</orcid><order>14</order></author><author><firstname>Alan</firstname><surname>Watkins</surname><orcid>0000-0003-3804-1943</orcid><order>15</order></author><author><firstname>Victoria</firstname><surname>Williams</surname><orcid>0000-0002-4747-9544</orcid><order>16</order></author><author><firstname>Helen</firstname><surname>Snooks</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0173-8843</orcid><order>17</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>65123__29305__8ef3be04cb7b48fbb3f7251a3fc4e2cf.pdf</filename><originalFilename>65123.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2023-12-20T16:03:22.5261837</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>929644</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>© The Author(s) 2023. 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spelling v2 65123 2023-11-27 The cost of implementing the COVID-19 shielding policy in Wales f6a4af2cfa4275d2a8ebba292fa14421 0000-0001-5471-922X Berni Sewell Berni Sewell true false ab00dbaa888f32b41b07ef223d0e2987 0000-0002-2087-9310 Angela Farr Angela Farr true false aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52 0000-0003-0814-0801 Ashley Akbari Ashley Akbari true false ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55 0000-0002-5657-6995 Ann John Ann John true false f569591e1bfb0e405b8091f99fec45d3 0000-0002-5853-4625 Fatemeh Torabi Fatemeh Torabi true false 3442763d6ff0467963e0792d2b5404fa 0000-0003-2242-4210 Mark Kingston Mark Kingston true false 83efcf2a9dfcf8b55586999d3d152ac6 0000-0001-5225-000X Ronan Lyons Ronan Lyons true false fcc861ec479a79f7fb9befb13192238b 0000-0002-3408-7007 Alison Porter Alison Porter true false 81fc05c9333d9df41b041157437bcc2f 0000-0003-3804-1943 Alan Watkins Alan Watkins true false ab23c5e0111b88427a155a1f495861d9 0000-0003-0173-8843 Helen Snooks Helen Snooks true false 2023-11-27 PHAC Background: The EVITE Immunity study investigated the effects of shielding Clinically Extremely Vulnerable (CEV) people during the COVID-19 pandemic on health outcomes and healthcare costs in Wales, United Kingdom, to help prepare for future pandemics. Shielding was intended to protect those at highest risk of serious harm from COVID-19. We report the cost of implementing shielding in Wales. Methods: The number of people shielding was extracted from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank. Resources supporting shielding between March and June 2020 were mapped using published reports, web pages, freedom of information requests to Welsh Government and personal communications (e.g. with the office of the Chief Medical Officer for Wales). Results: At the beginning of shielding, 117,415 people were on the shielding list. The total additional cost to support those advised to stay home during the initial 14 weeks of the pandemic was £13,307,654 (£113 per person shielded). This included the new resources required to compile the shielding list, inform CEV people of the shielding intervention and provide medicine and food deliveries. The list was adjusted weekly over the 3-month period (130,000 people identified by June 2020). Therefore the cost per person shielded lies between £102 and £113 per person. Conclusion: This is the first evaluation of the cost of the measures put in place to support those identified to shield in Wales. However, no data on opportunity cost was available. The true costs of shielding including its budget impact and opportunity costs need to be investigated to decide whether shielding is a worthwhile policy for future health emergencies. Journal Article BMC Public Health 23 1 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 1471-2458 COVID-19, Shielding, Clinically vulnerable, Secure anonymised data, Implementation, Resources, Cost 26 11 2023 2023-11-26 10.1186/s12889-023-17169-3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17169-3 COLLEGE NANME Public Health COLLEGE CODE PHAC Swansea University The EVITE Immunity study is supported by the National Core Studies Immunity (NCSi4P) Programme (award number UoB WT Ref: 1745068). This work was supported by the Con-COV team funded by the Medical Research Council (grant number: MR/V028367/1) and by Health Data Research UK, which receives its funding from HDR UK Ltd (HDR-9006) funded by the UK Medical Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Department of Health and Social Care (England), Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates, Health and Social Care Research and Development Division (Welsh Government), Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the Wellcome Trust. Furthermore, this work was supported by the ADR Wales programme of work (award number ES/S007393/1). ADR Wales is part of the Economic and Social Research Council (part of UK Research and Innovation) funded ADR UK (grant ES/S007393/1). This work was supported by the Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre, funded by Health and Care Research Wales. 2024-01-03T12:01:32.7393657 2023-11-27T09:20:05.7596104 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science Berni Sewell 0000-0001-5471-922X 1 Angela Farr 0000-0002-2087-9310 2 Ashley Akbari 0000-0003-0814-0801 3 Andrew Carson-Stevens 0000-0002-7580-7699 4 Jeremy Dale 0000-0001-9256-3553 5 Adrian Edwards 0000-0002-6228-4446 6 Bridie Angela Evans 0000-0003-0293-0888 7 Ann John 0000-0002-5657-6995 8 Fatemeh Torabi 0000-0002-5853-4625 9 Stephen Jolles 0000-0002-7394-6804 10 Mark Kingston 0000-0003-2242-4210 11 Jane Lyons 12 Ronan Lyons 0000-0001-5225-000X 13 Alison Porter 0000-0002-3408-7007 14 Alan Watkins 0000-0003-3804-1943 15 Victoria Williams 0000-0002-4747-9544 16 Helen Snooks 0000-0003-0173-8843 17 65123__29305__8ef3be04cb7b48fbb3f7251a3fc4e2cf.pdf 65123.pdf 2023-12-20T16:03:22.5261837 Output 929644 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2023. Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title The cost of implementing the COVID-19 shielding policy in Wales
spellingShingle The cost of implementing the COVID-19 shielding policy in Wales
Berni Sewell
Angela Farr
Ashley Akbari
Ann John
Fatemeh Torabi
Mark Kingston
Ronan Lyons
Alison Porter
Alan Watkins
Helen Snooks
title_short The cost of implementing the COVID-19 shielding policy in Wales
title_full The cost of implementing the COVID-19 shielding policy in Wales
title_fullStr The cost of implementing the COVID-19 shielding policy in Wales
title_full_unstemmed The cost of implementing the COVID-19 shielding policy in Wales
title_sort The cost of implementing the COVID-19 shielding policy in Wales
author_id_str_mv f6a4af2cfa4275d2a8ebba292fa14421
ab00dbaa888f32b41b07ef223d0e2987
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81fc05c9333d9df41b041157437bcc2f
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author_id_fullname_str_mv f6a4af2cfa4275d2a8ebba292fa14421_***_Berni Sewell
ab00dbaa888f32b41b07ef223d0e2987_***_Angela Farr
aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52_***_Ashley Akbari
ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55_***_Ann John
f569591e1bfb0e405b8091f99fec45d3_***_Fatemeh Torabi
3442763d6ff0467963e0792d2b5404fa_***_Mark Kingston
83efcf2a9dfcf8b55586999d3d152ac6_***_Ronan Lyons
fcc861ec479a79f7fb9befb13192238b_***_Alison Porter
81fc05c9333d9df41b041157437bcc2f_***_Alan Watkins
ab23c5e0111b88427a155a1f495861d9_***_Helen Snooks
author Berni Sewell
Angela Farr
Ashley Akbari
Ann John
Fatemeh Torabi
Mark Kingston
Ronan Lyons
Alison Porter
Alan Watkins
Helen Snooks
author2 Berni Sewell
Angela Farr
Ashley Akbari
Andrew Carson-Stevens
Jeremy Dale
Adrian Edwards
Bridie Angela Evans
Ann John
Fatemeh Torabi
Stephen Jolles
Mark Kingston
Jane Lyons
Ronan Lyons
Alison Porter
Alan Watkins
Victoria Williams
Helen Snooks
format Journal article
container_title BMC Public Health
container_volume 23
container_issue 1
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 1471-2458
doi_str_mv 10.1186/s12889-023-17169-3
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17169-3
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Background: The EVITE Immunity study investigated the effects of shielding Clinically Extremely Vulnerable (CEV) people during the COVID-19 pandemic on health outcomes and healthcare costs in Wales, United Kingdom, to help prepare for future pandemics. Shielding was intended to protect those at highest risk of serious harm from COVID-19. We report the cost of implementing shielding in Wales. Methods: The number of people shielding was extracted from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank. Resources supporting shielding between March and June 2020 were mapped using published reports, web pages, freedom of information requests to Welsh Government and personal communications (e.g. with the office of the Chief Medical Officer for Wales). Results: At the beginning of shielding, 117,415 people were on the shielding list. The total additional cost to support those advised to stay home during the initial 14 weeks of the pandemic was £13,307,654 (£113 per person shielded). This included the new resources required to compile the shielding list, inform CEV people of the shielding intervention and provide medicine and food deliveries. The list was adjusted weekly over the 3-month period (130,000 people identified by June 2020). Therefore the cost per person shielded lies between £102 and £113 per person. Conclusion: This is the first evaluation of the cost of the measures put in place to support those identified to shield in Wales. However, no data on opportunity cost was available. The true costs of shielding including its budget impact and opportunity costs need to be investigated to decide whether shielding is a worthwhile policy for future health emergencies.
published_date 2023-11-26T12:01:34Z
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score 11.013619

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