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Development of Graphene Based Biosensors for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease / HINA ABBASI

Swansea University Author: HINA ABBASI

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DOI (Published version): 10.23889/SUthesis.65090

Abstract

There has been extensive research on the electronic and physical properties of graphene since it was first discovered in 2004. This research has shown graphene to be a wonder material and makes it an ideal candidate for use in next-generation sensor technologies. Graphene consists of a single atomic...

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Published: Swansea, Wales, UK 2023
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
Supervisor: Guy, Owen J.
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa65090
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spelling v2 65090 2023-11-24 Development of Graphene Based Biosensors for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease 11bc9931b39b5e36f7f8a5d57e1eb42b HINA ABBASI HINA ABBASI true false 2023-11-24 There has been extensive research on the electronic and physical properties of graphene since it was first discovered in 2004. This research has shown graphene to be a wonder material and makes it an ideal candidate for use in next-generation sensor technologies. Graphene consists of a single atomic layer of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms and has exceptionally ballistic electronic transport, alongside high specific surface area, strong mechanical strength, and flexibility, which is essential for constructing biosensor devices. This thesis describes the development of graphene-based biosensors for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). For that purpose, this work was focused on developing novel functionalization chemistries for the attachment of bioreceptors to graphene and subsequent detection of AD biomarkers. Three different functionalization mechanisms i.e., diazonium grafting, pDAN electropolymerization, and neutravidin protein attachment were studied and explored in detail. Amongst them, the pDAN electropolymerization, and neutravidin protein attachment methods were utilized for graphene surface functionalization and successful development of biosensors for the detection of three biomarkers i.e., Aβ(1-40), Aβ(1-42), and Tau-352 that have been reported as potential candidate biomarkers for AD. The lowest limit of detection for all three biomarkers was observed when using the neutravidin protein attachment method on rGO-modified screen printed electrodes. The proposed approach showed a wide logarithmically linear range of detection from 10 fg/mL to 10 ng/mL in both diluted human plasma as well as phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solutions. The fabricated sensors also showed stability of up to 6 weeks.The reported immunosensors can be utilized for the rapid screening of patients. In addition to that, the electrochemical sensing techniques used in this thesis are easily adaptable and hence can be miniaturized to develop portable and nonexpensive devices. These devices have the capability of performing rapid measurements on solutions with biomolecules even at very low concentrations. Hence, point-of-care monitoring and diagnostics can be performed using these devices. E-Thesis Swansea, Wales, UK Nanotechnology, Electrochemical Biosensors, Graphene, Alzheimer’s Disease 24 11 2023 2023-11-24 10.23889/SUthesis.65090 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Guy, Owen J. Doctoral Ph.D H2020 MSCA-ITN-ETN BBDiag project (721281) H2020 MSCA-ITN-ETN BBDiag project (grant number: 721281). 2024-11-04T10:39:50.8106893 2023-11-24T11:35:58.8622248 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Electronic and Electrical Engineering HINA ABBASI 1 65090__29102__d1ba34d396db4586b94e23463b4a8c84.pdf 2023_Abbasi_HY.final.65090.pdf 2023-11-24T11:40:47.5690096 Output 7437351 application/pdf E-Thesis true 2024-10-20T00:00:00.0000000 Copyright: The Author, Hina Y. Abbasi. Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
title Development of Graphene Based Biosensors for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease
spellingShingle Development of Graphene Based Biosensors for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease
HINA ABBASI
title_short Development of Graphene Based Biosensors for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease
title_full Development of Graphene Based Biosensors for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease
title_fullStr Development of Graphene Based Biosensors for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease
title_full_unstemmed Development of Graphene Based Biosensors for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease
title_sort Development of Graphene Based Biosensors for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease
author_id_str_mv 11bc9931b39b5e36f7f8a5d57e1eb42b
author_id_fullname_str_mv 11bc9931b39b5e36f7f8a5d57e1eb42b_***_HINA ABBASI
author HINA ABBASI
author2 HINA ABBASI
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/SUthesis.65090
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Electronic and Electrical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Electronic and Electrical Engineering
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description There has been extensive research on the electronic and physical properties of graphene since it was first discovered in 2004. This research has shown graphene to be a wonder material and makes it an ideal candidate for use in next-generation sensor technologies. Graphene consists of a single atomic layer of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms and has exceptionally ballistic electronic transport, alongside high specific surface area, strong mechanical strength, and flexibility, which is essential for constructing biosensor devices. This thesis describes the development of graphene-based biosensors for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). For that purpose, this work was focused on developing novel functionalization chemistries for the attachment of bioreceptors to graphene and subsequent detection of AD biomarkers. Three different functionalization mechanisms i.e., diazonium grafting, pDAN electropolymerization, and neutravidin protein attachment were studied and explored in detail. Amongst them, the pDAN electropolymerization, and neutravidin protein attachment methods were utilized for graphene surface functionalization and successful development of biosensors for the detection of three biomarkers i.e., Aβ(1-40), Aβ(1-42), and Tau-352 that have been reported as potential candidate biomarkers for AD. The lowest limit of detection for all three biomarkers was observed when using the neutravidin protein attachment method on rGO-modified screen printed electrodes. The proposed approach showed a wide logarithmically linear range of detection from 10 fg/mL to 10 ng/mL in both diluted human plasma as well as phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solutions. The fabricated sensors also showed stability of up to 6 weeks.The reported immunosensors can be utilized for the rapid screening of patients. In addition to that, the electrochemical sensing techniques used in this thesis are easily adaptable and hence can be miniaturized to develop portable and nonexpensive devices. These devices have the capability of performing rapid measurements on solutions with biomolecules even at very low concentrations. Hence, point-of-care monitoring and diagnostics can be performed using these devices.
published_date 2023-11-24T10:39:49Z
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