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Upcycling potential of waste carbonaceous feedstock to carbon nanotubes / Ioannis Tsampanakis

Swansea University Author: Ioannis Tsampanakis

  • E-Thesis under embargo until: 2nd October 2028

Abstract

The overarching problem of plastic pollution perturbing our ecosystems along with the need for inexpensive feedstock material have turned scientists’ research focus to plastic waste. In this work, the feasibility of various plastic waste streams as carbon feedstock for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was as...

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Published: Swansea, Wales, UK 2023
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Master of Research
Degree name: MSc by Research
Supervisor: Alexander, Shirin. and Andreoli, Enrico.
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa64894
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The three main plastic waste streams were comprised of medical plastic, fridge and car plastic. In the first project (Chapter 2), waste ostomy bags were dissolved in H2SO4 at 43 wt.% and 96 wt.%. The low H2SO4 concentration had minimal effect towards the materials of the ostomy bag whereas the high H2SO4 concentration effectively dissolved three of the bag’s components due to increased concentration of H+ ions. Based on the acid dissolution results, further dissolution tests were proposed towards achieving a higher percentage of dissolved ostomy bag material. Moreover, electrochemical cell set ups were proposed in order to succeed towards the growth of CNTs from the waste ostomy bags. In all proposed set ups, Nickel was chosen as the catalyst due to its face centered cubic nature, which is compatible with graphene and forms strong and stable bonds. Sodium sulphate as the best electrolyte and a constant current density of 7-8 mA∙cm-2 were theoretically determined to create a suitable environment towards the selective growth of CNTs over other carbon-based nanomaterials. A process map of each step was developed to aid further testing in this project. For the second project (Chapter 3), theoretical and experimental dissolution tests using various organic solvents were performed for fridge (WEEE) and car waste plastic, aiming to find the optimum solvent for each case. The fridge plastic waste was in a form of powder, whereas for the automotive waste, the waste came from different streams and was in various forms. The effects of different organic solvents and solvent blends were tested both theoretically and practically towards dissolving the waste fridge powder. M-cresol and cyclohexanone: ethanol: m-cresol (40:20:40) were determined as the best solvent and solvent blend, respectfully. Regarding the automotive waste plastics, dissolution tests were performed in toluene under reflux with two samples showing promising results. 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spelling v2 64894 2023-11-01 Upcycling potential of waste carbonaceous feedstock to carbon nanotubes 781af6e0d2ee632a1943c88f3a526baa Ioannis Tsampanakis Ioannis Tsampanakis true false 2023-11-01 The overarching problem of plastic pollution perturbing our ecosystems along with the need for inexpensive feedstock material have turned scientists’ research focus to plastic waste. In this work, the feasibility of various plastic waste streams as carbon feedstock for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was assessed both theoretically and experimentally. The three main plastic waste streams were comprised of medical plastic, fridge and car plastic. In the first project (Chapter 2), waste ostomy bags were dissolved in H2SO4 at 43 wt.% and 96 wt.%. The low H2SO4 concentration had minimal effect towards the materials of the ostomy bag whereas the high H2SO4 concentration effectively dissolved three of the bag’s components due to increased concentration of H+ ions. Based on the acid dissolution results, further dissolution tests were proposed towards achieving a higher percentage of dissolved ostomy bag material. Moreover, electrochemical cell set ups were proposed in order to succeed towards the growth of CNTs from the waste ostomy bags. In all proposed set ups, Nickel was chosen as the catalyst due to its face centered cubic nature, which is compatible with graphene and forms strong and stable bonds. Sodium sulphate as the best electrolyte and a constant current density of 7-8 mA∙cm-2 were theoretically determined to create a suitable environment towards the selective growth of CNTs over other carbon-based nanomaterials. A process map of each step was developed to aid further testing in this project. For the second project (Chapter 3), theoretical and experimental dissolution tests using various organic solvents were performed for fridge (WEEE) and car waste plastic, aiming to find the optimum solvent for each case. The fridge plastic waste was in a form of powder, whereas for the automotive waste, the waste came from different streams and was in various forms. The effects of different organic solvents and solvent blends were tested both theoretically and practically towards dissolving the waste fridge powder. M-cresol and cyclohexanone: ethanol: m-cresol (40:20:40) were determined as the best solvent and solvent blend, respectfully. Regarding the automotive waste plastics, dissolution tests were performed in toluene under reflux with two samples showing promising results. Finally, CNTs of o.d. 62.24 ± 12.73 (std. dev.) nm were grown from fridge plastic waste as a proof of concept, while the practicality of growing nanomaterials from the other plastic types was evaluated. E-Thesis Swansea, Wales, UK Waste plastic, upcycling, carbon nanotubes 5 9 2023 2023-09-05 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Alexander, Shirin. and Andreoli, Enrico. Master of Research MSc by Research KESS, TrimTabs (Industrial partner) KESS, TrimTabs (Industrial partner) 2023-11-01T12:54:26.9499735 2023-11-01T12:34:57.4637833 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering Ioannis Tsampanakis 1 Under embargo Under embargo 2023-11-01T12:49:15.1214649 Output 3912362 application/pdf E-Thesis true 2028-10-02T00:00:00.0000000 Copyright: The Author, Ioannis Tsampanakis, 2023. Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
title Upcycling potential of waste carbonaceous feedstock to carbon nanotubes
spellingShingle Upcycling potential of waste carbonaceous feedstock to carbon nanotubes
Ioannis Tsampanakis
title_short Upcycling potential of waste carbonaceous feedstock to carbon nanotubes
title_full Upcycling potential of waste carbonaceous feedstock to carbon nanotubes
title_fullStr Upcycling potential of waste carbonaceous feedstock to carbon nanotubes
title_full_unstemmed Upcycling potential of waste carbonaceous feedstock to carbon nanotubes
title_sort Upcycling potential of waste carbonaceous feedstock to carbon nanotubes
author_id_str_mv 781af6e0d2ee632a1943c88f3a526baa
author_id_fullname_str_mv 781af6e0d2ee632a1943c88f3a526baa_***_Ioannis Tsampanakis
author Ioannis Tsampanakis
author2 Ioannis Tsampanakis
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering
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description The overarching problem of plastic pollution perturbing our ecosystems along with the need for inexpensive feedstock material have turned scientists’ research focus to plastic waste. In this work, the feasibility of various plastic waste streams as carbon feedstock for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was assessed both theoretically and experimentally. The three main plastic waste streams were comprised of medical plastic, fridge and car plastic. In the first project (Chapter 2), waste ostomy bags were dissolved in H2SO4 at 43 wt.% and 96 wt.%. The low H2SO4 concentration had minimal effect towards the materials of the ostomy bag whereas the high H2SO4 concentration effectively dissolved three of the bag’s components due to increased concentration of H+ ions. Based on the acid dissolution results, further dissolution tests were proposed towards achieving a higher percentage of dissolved ostomy bag material. Moreover, electrochemical cell set ups were proposed in order to succeed towards the growth of CNTs from the waste ostomy bags. In all proposed set ups, Nickel was chosen as the catalyst due to its face centered cubic nature, which is compatible with graphene and forms strong and stable bonds. Sodium sulphate as the best electrolyte and a constant current density of 7-8 mA∙cm-2 were theoretically determined to create a suitable environment towards the selective growth of CNTs over other carbon-based nanomaterials. A process map of each step was developed to aid further testing in this project. For the second project (Chapter 3), theoretical and experimental dissolution tests using various organic solvents were performed for fridge (WEEE) and car waste plastic, aiming to find the optimum solvent for each case. The fridge plastic waste was in a form of powder, whereas for the automotive waste, the waste came from different streams and was in various forms. The effects of different organic solvents and solvent blends were tested both theoretically and practically towards dissolving the waste fridge powder. M-cresol and cyclohexanone: ethanol: m-cresol (40:20:40) were determined as the best solvent and solvent blend, respectfully. Regarding the automotive waste plastics, dissolution tests were performed in toluene under reflux with two samples showing promising results. Finally, CNTs of o.d. 62.24 ± 12.73 (std. dev.) nm were grown from fridge plastic waste as a proof of concept, while the practicality of growing nanomaterials from the other plastic types was evaluated.
published_date 2023-09-05T12:54:26Z
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score 11.014358

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