Journal article 162 views 51 downloads
Stimulant and hallucinogenic novel psychoactive substances; an update
Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, Volume: 16, Issue: 11, Pages: 1109 - 1123
Swansea University Author:
Amira Guirguis
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© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
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DOI (Published version): 10.1080/17512433.2023.2279192
Abstract
Introduction: The renewed interest in considering a range of stimulants, psychedelics and dissociatives as therapeutics emphasizes the need to draft an updated overview of these drugs’ clinical and pharmacological issues. Areas covered: The focus here was on: stimulants (e.g. amphetamines, methamphe...
| Published in: | Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology |
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| ISSN: | 1751-2433 1751-2441 |
| Published: |
UK
Informa UK Limited
2023
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| Online Access: |
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| URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa64847 |
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| Abstract: |
Introduction: The renewed interest in considering a range of stimulants, psychedelics and dissociatives as therapeutics emphasizes the need to draft an updated overview of these drugs’ clinical and pharmacological issues. Areas covered: The focus here was on: stimulants (e.g. amphetamines, methamphetamine, and pseudoephedrine; phenethylamines; synthetic cathinones; benzofurans; piperazines; aminoindanes; aminorex derivatives; phenmetrazine derivatives; phenidates); classical (e.g. ergolines; tryptamines; psychedelic phenethylamines), and atypical (e.g. PCP/ketamine-like dissociatives) psychedelics. Stimulant and psychedelics are associated with: a) increased central DA levels (psychedelic phenethylamines, synthetic cathinones and stimulants); b) 5-HT receptor subtypes’ activation (psychedelic phenethylamines; recent tryptamine and lysergamide derivatives); and c) antagonist activity at NMDA receptors, (phencyclidine-like dissociatives). Expert opinion: Clinicians should be regularly informed about the range of NPS and their medical, psychobiological and psychopathological risks both in the acute and long term. Future research should focus on an integrative model in which pro-drug websites’ analyses are combined with advanced research approaches, including computational chemistry studies so that in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies of index novel psychoactives can be organized. The future of psychedelic research should focus on identifying robust study designs to convincingly assess the potential therapeutic benefits of psychedelics, molecules likely to present with limited dependence liability levels. |
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| Keywords: |
Stimulants, hallucinogens, psychedelics, amphetamine-type stimulants, dissociatives |
| College: |
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences |
| Issue: |
11 |
| Start Page: |
1109 |
| End Page: |
1123 |