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Risk Factors Associated With Primary Care–Reported Domestic Violence for Women Involved in Family Law Care Proceedings: Data Linkage Observational Study

Rhodri Johnson, Lucy Griffiths Orcid Logo, Laura Cowley, Karen Broadhurst Orcid Logo, Rowena Bailey

Journal of Medical Internet Research, Volume: 25, Start page: e42375

Swansea University Authors: Rhodri Johnson, Lucy Griffiths Orcid Logo, Laura Cowley, Rowena Bailey

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DOI (Published version): 10.2196/42375

Abstract

Background: Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) has a detrimental impact on the health and well-being of children and families but is commonly underreported, with an estimated prevalence of 5.5% in England and Wales in 2020. DVA is more common in groups considered vulnerable, including those involved...

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Published in: Journal of Medical Internet Research
ISSN: 1438-8871
Published: JMIR Publications Inc. 2023
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DVA is more common in groups considered vulnerable, including those involved in public law family court proceedings; however, there is a lack of evidence regarding risk factors for DVA among those involved in the family justice system. Objective: This study examines risk factors for DVA within a cohort of mothers involved in public law family court proceedings in Wales and a matched general population comparison group. Methods: We linked family justice data from the Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (Cafcass Cymru [Wales]) to demographic and electronic health records within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. We constructed 2 study cohorts: mothers involved in public law family court proceedings (2011-2019) and a general population group of mothers not involved in public law family court proceedings, matched on key demographics (age and deprivation). We used published clinical codes to identify mothers with exposure to DVA documented in their primary care records and who therefore reported DVA to their general practitioner. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine risk factors for primary care–recorded DVA. Results: Mothers involved in public law family court proceedings were 8 times more likely to have had exposure to DVA documented in their primary care records than the general population group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 8.0, 95% CI 6.6-9.7). Within the cohort of mothers involved in public law family court proceedings, risk factors for DVA with the greatest effect sizes included living in sparsely populated areas (AOR 3.9, 95% CI 2.8-5.5), assault-related emergency department attendances (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5-3.1), and mental health conditions (AOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.2). An 8-fold increased risk of DVA emphasizes increased vulnerabilities for individuals involved in public law family court proceedings. Conclusions: Previously reported DVA risk factors do not necessarily apply to this group of women. The additional risk factors identified in this study could be considered for inclusion in national guidelines. The evidence that living in sparsely populated areas and assault-related emergency department attendances are associated with increased risk of DVA could be used to inform policy and practice interventions targeting prevention as well as tailored support services for those with exposure to DVA. However, further work should also explore other sources of DVA, such as that recorded in secondary health care, family, and criminal justice records, to understand the true scale of the problem.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Journal of Medical Internet Research</journal><volume>25</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>e42375</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>JMIR Publications Inc.</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>1438-8871</issnElectronic><keywords>Data linkage, domestic violence, domestic abuse, health data, family justice data</keywords><publishedDay>24</publishedDay><publishedMonth>5</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2023</publishedYear><publishedDate>2023-05-24</publishedDate><doi>10.2196/42375</doi><url>http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/42375</url><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Health Data Science</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>HDAT</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Another institution paid the OA fee</apcterm><funders>NFJO</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-02-01T15:53:35.8079462</lastEdited><Created>2023-10-16T16:53:53.1458282</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Medicine</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Rhodri</firstname><surname>Johnson</surname><orcid/><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Lucy</firstname><surname>Griffiths</surname><orcid>0000-0001-9230-624X</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Laura</firstname><surname>Cowley</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Karen</firstname><surname>Broadhurst</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1424-3022</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Rowena</firstname><surname>Bailey</surname><order>5</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>64757__29092__e465ae8893284cf6a41a9ce22fb5df64.pdf</filename><originalFilename>64757.VOR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2023-11-23T12:57:25.7536182</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>337312</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>© Rhodri D Johnson, Lucy J Griffiths, Laura E Cowley, Karen Broadhurst, Rowena Bailey. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research. Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling v2 64757 2023-10-16 Risk Factors Associated With Primary Care–Reported Domestic Violence for Women Involved in Family Law Care Proceedings: Data Linkage Observational Study 5f97fd65ef8cf66db750f645f115454c Rhodri Johnson Rhodri Johnson true false e35ea6ea4b429e812ef204b048131d93 0000-0001-9230-624X Lucy Griffiths Lucy Griffiths true false a80501f280e89fee276510b25fc68e77 Laura Cowley Laura Cowley true false 455e2c1e6193448f6269b9e72acaf865 Rowena Bailey Rowena Bailey true false 2023-10-16 HDAT Background: Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) has a detrimental impact on the health and well-being of children and families but is commonly underreported, with an estimated prevalence of 5.5% in England and Wales in 2020. DVA is more common in groups considered vulnerable, including those involved in public law family court proceedings; however, there is a lack of evidence regarding risk factors for DVA among those involved in the family justice system. Objective: This study examines risk factors for DVA within a cohort of mothers involved in public law family court proceedings in Wales and a matched general population comparison group. Methods: We linked family justice data from the Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (Cafcass Cymru [Wales]) to demographic and electronic health records within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. We constructed 2 study cohorts: mothers involved in public law family court proceedings (2011-2019) and a general population group of mothers not involved in public law family court proceedings, matched on key demographics (age and deprivation). We used published clinical codes to identify mothers with exposure to DVA documented in their primary care records and who therefore reported DVA to their general practitioner. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine risk factors for primary care–recorded DVA. Results: Mothers involved in public law family court proceedings were 8 times more likely to have had exposure to DVA documented in their primary care records than the general population group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 8.0, 95% CI 6.6-9.7). Within the cohort of mothers involved in public law family court proceedings, risk factors for DVA with the greatest effect sizes included living in sparsely populated areas (AOR 3.9, 95% CI 2.8-5.5), assault-related emergency department attendances (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5-3.1), and mental health conditions (AOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.2). An 8-fold increased risk of DVA emphasizes increased vulnerabilities for individuals involved in public law family court proceedings. Conclusions: Previously reported DVA risk factors do not necessarily apply to this group of women. The additional risk factors identified in this study could be considered for inclusion in national guidelines. The evidence that living in sparsely populated areas and assault-related emergency department attendances are associated with increased risk of DVA could be used to inform policy and practice interventions targeting prevention as well as tailored support services for those with exposure to DVA. However, further work should also explore other sources of DVA, such as that recorded in secondary health care, family, and criminal justice records, to understand the true scale of the problem. Journal Article Journal of Medical Internet Research 25 e42375 JMIR Publications Inc. 1438-8871 Data linkage, domestic violence, domestic abuse, health data, family justice data 24 5 2023 2023-05-24 10.2196/42375 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/42375 COLLEGE NANME Health Data Science COLLEGE CODE HDAT Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee NFJO 2024-02-01T15:53:35.8079462 2023-10-16T16:53:53.1458282 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Rhodri Johnson 1 Lucy Griffiths 0000-0001-9230-624X 2 Laura Cowley 3 Karen Broadhurst 0000-0003-1424-3022 4 Rowena Bailey 5 64757__29092__e465ae8893284cf6a41a9ce22fb5df64.pdf 64757.VOR.pdf 2023-11-23T12:57:25.7536182 Output 337312 application/pdf Version of Record true © Rhodri D Johnson, Lucy J Griffiths, Laura E Cowley, Karen Broadhurst, Rowena Bailey. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research. Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Risk Factors Associated With Primary Care–Reported Domestic Violence for Women Involved in Family Law Care Proceedings: Data Linkage Observational Study
spellingShingle Risk Factors Associated With Primary Care–Reported Domestic Violence for Women Involved in Family Law Care Proceedings: Data Linkage Observational Study
Rhodri Johnson
Lucy Griffiths
Laura Cowley
Rowena Bailey
title_short Risk Factors Associated With Primary Care–Reported Domestic Violence for Women Involved in Family Law Care Proceedings: Data Linkage Observational Study
title_full Risk Factors Associated With Primary Care–Reported Domestic Violence for Women Involved in Family Law Care Proceedings: Data Linkage Observational Study
title_fullStr Risk Factors Associated With Primary Care–Reported Domestic Violence for Women Involved in Family Law Care Proceedings: Data Linkage Observational Study
title_full_unstemmed Risk Factors Associated With Primary Care–Reported Domestic Violence for Women Involved in Family Law Care Proceedings: Data Linkage Observational Study
title_sort Risk Factors Associated With Primary Care–Reported Domestic Violence for Women Involved in Family Law Care Proceedings: Data Linkage Observational Study
author_id_str_mv 5f97fd65ef8cf66db750f645f115454c
e35ea6ea4b429e812ef204b048131d93
a80501f280e89fee276510b25fc68e77
455e2c1e6193448f6269b9e72acaf865
author_id_fullname_str_mv 5f97fd65ef8cf66db750f645f115454c_***_Rhodri Johnson
e35ea6ea4b429e812ef204b048131d93_***_Lucy Griffiths
a80501f280e89fee276510b25fc68e77_***_Laura Cowley
455e2c1e6193448f6269b9e72acaf865_***_Rowena Bailey
author Rhodri Johnson
Lucy Griffiths
Laura Cowley
Rowena Bailey
author2 Rhodri Johnson
Lucy Griffiths
Laura Cowley
Karen Broadhurst
Rowena Bailey
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Medical Internet Research
container_volume 25
container_start_page e42375
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 1438-8871
doi_str_mv 10.2196/42375
publisher JMIR Publications Inc.
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
url http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/42375
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Background: Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) has a detrimental impact on the health and well-being of children and families but is commonly underreported, with an estimated prevalence of 5.5% in England and Wales in 2020. DVA is more common in groups considered vulnerable, including those involved in public law family court proceedings; however, there is a lack of evidence regarding risk factors for DVA among those involved in the family justice system. Objective: This study examines risk factors for DVA within a cohort of mothers involved in public law family court proceedings in Wales and a matched general population comparison group. Methods: We linked family justice data from the Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (Cafcass Cymru [Wales]) to demographic and electronic health records within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. We constructed 2 study cohorts: mothers involved in public law family court proceedings (2011-2019) and a general population group of mothers not involved in public law family court proceedings, matched on key demographics (age and deprivation). We used published clinical codes to identify mothers with exposure to DVA documented in their primary care records and who therefore reported DVA to their general practitioner. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine risk factors for primary care–recorded DVA. Results: Mothers involved in public law family court proceedings were 8 times more likely to have had exposure to DVA documented in their primary care records than the general population group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 8.0, 95% CI 6.6-9.7). Within the cohort of mothers involved in public law family court proceedings, risk factors for DVA with the greatest effect sizes included living in sparsely populated areas (AOR 3.9, 95% CI 2.8-5.5), assault-related emergency department attendances (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5-3.1), and mental health conditions (AOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.2). An 8-fold increased risk of DVA emphasizes increased vulnerabilities for individuals involved in public law family court proceedings. Conclusions: Previously reported DVA risk factors do not necessarily apply to this group of women. The additional risk factors identified in this study could be considered for inclusion in national guidelines. The evidence that living in sparsely populated areas and assault-related emergency department attendances are associated with increased risk of DVA could be used to inform policy and practice interventions targeting prevention as well as tailored support services for those with exposure to DVA. However, further work should also explore other sources of DVA, such as that recorded in secondary health care, family, and criminal justice records, to understand the true scale of the problem.
published_date 2023-05-24T15:53:36Z
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