Journal article 193 views 44 downloads
Observation of the effect of gravity on the motion of antimatter
E. K. Anderson,
Christopher Baker 
,
W. Bertsche,
N. M. Bhatt ,
G. Bonomi,
A. Capra ,
I. Carli ,
C. L. Cesar ,
Michael Charlton,
A. Christensen,
R. Collister,
April Cridland ,
D. Duque Quiceno ,
Stefan Eriksson ,
A. Evans,
N. Evetts,
S. Fabbri,
J. Fajans ,
A. Ferwerda,
T. Friesen,
M. C. Fujiwara,
D. R. Gill,
Lukas Golino,
M. B. Gomes Gonçalves,
P. Grandemange ,
P. Granum ,
J. S. Hangst ,
M. E. Hayden,
D. Hodgkinson ,
E. D. Hunter,
Christopher Aled Isaac ,
A. J. U. Jimenez ,
M. A. Johnson,
Jack Jones,
S. A. Jones ,
S. Jonsell ,
A. Khramov ,
Niels Madsen ,
L. Martin ,
N. Massacret,
Daniel Maxwell ,
J. T. K. McKenna,
S. Menary,
T. Momose,
M. Mostamand,
Patrick Mullan,
Janko Nauta,
K. Olchanski,
A. N. Oliveira ,
J. Peszka ,
A. Powell ,
C. Ø. Rasmussen ,
F. Robicheaux ,
R. L. Sacramento,
M. Sameed ,
E. Sarid,
J. Schoonwater ,
D. M. Silveira,
J. Singh ,
G. Smith ,
C. So,
S. Stracka ,
G. Stutter ,
T. D. Tharp,
Kurt Thompson,
R. I. Thompson,
Edward Thorpe-Woods,
C. Torkzaban,
M. Urioni ,
P. Woosaree,
J. S. Wurtele
,
W. Bertsche,
N. M. Bhatt ,
G. Bonomi,
A. Capra ,
I. Carli ,
C. L. Cesar ,
Michael Charlton,
A. Christensen,
R. Collister,
April Cridland ,
D. Duque Quiceno ,
Stefan Eriksson ,
A. Evans,
N. Evetts,
S. Fabbri,
J. Fajans ,
A. Ferwerda,
T. Friesen,
M. C. Fujiwara,
D. R. Gill,
Lukas Golino,
M. B. Gomes Gonçalves,
P. Grandemange ,
P. Granum ,
J. S. Hangst ,
M. E. Hayden,
D. Hodgkinson ,
E. D. Hunter,
Christopher Aled Isaac ,
A. J. U. Jimenez ,
M. A. Johnson,
Jack Jones,
S. A. Jones ,
S. Jonsell ,
A. Khramov ,
Niels Madsen ,
L. Martin ,
N. Massacret,
Daniel Maxwell ,
J. T. K. McKenna,
S. Menary,
T. Momose,
M. Mostamand,
Patrick Mullan,
Janko Nauta,
K. Olchanski,
A. N. Oliveira ,
J. Peszka ,
A. Powell ,
C. Ø. Rasmussen ,
F. Robicheaux ,
R. L. Sacramento,
M. Sameed ,
E. Sarid,
J. Schoonwater ,
D. M. Silveira,
J. Singh ,
G. Smith ,
C. So,
S. Stracka ,
G. Stutter ,
T. D. Tharp,
Kurt Thompson,
R. I. Thompson,
Edward Thorpe-Woods,
C. Torkzaban,
M. Urioni ,
P. Woosaree,
J. S. Wurtele
Nature, Volume: 621, Issue: 7980, Pages: 716 - 722
Swansea University Authors:
Christopher Baker , Michael Charlton, April Cridland , Stefan Eriksson , Lukas Golino, Christopher Aled Isaac , Jack Jones, Niels Madsen , Daniel Maxwell , Patrick Mullan, Janko Nauta, Kurt Thompson, Edward Thorpe-Woods
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DOI (Published version): 10.1038/s41586-023-06527-1
Abstract
Einstein’s general theory of relativity from 19151 remains the most successful description of gravitation. From the 1919 solar eclipse2 to the observation of gravitational waves3, the theory has passed many crucial experimental tests. However, the evolving concepts of dark matter and dark energy ill...
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| ISSN: | 0028-0836 1476-4687 |
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Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2023
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><rfc1807 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>64655</id><entry>2023-10-04</entry><title>Observation of the effect of gravity on the motion of antimatter</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>0c72afb63bd0c6089fc5b60bd096103e</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-9448-8419</ORCID><firstname>Christopher</firstname><surname>Baker</surname><name>Christopher Baker</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>d9099cdd0f182eb9a1c8fc36ed94f53f</sid><firstname>Michael</firstname><surname>Charlton</surname><name>Michael Charlton</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>e3c734cfda1e0b3835968762f39525cc</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-4361-0266</ORCID><firstname>April</firstname><surname>Cridland</surname><name>April Cridland</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>785cbd474febb1bfa9c0e14abaf9c4a8</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-5390-1879</ORCID><firstname>Stefan</firstname><surname>Eriksson</surname><name>Stefan Eriksson</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>d9d18e9c25d4356d501a05686aac5f4e</sid><firstname>Lukas</firstname><surname>Golino</surname><name>Lukas Golino</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>6f6e1ef0e6e5fd7d716a3fbc337da042</sid><ORCID>NULL</ORCID><firstname>Christopher Aled</firstname><surname>Isaac</surname><name>Christopher Aled Isaac</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>true</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>a1fd0a804e977beb3835bad353db5f72</sid><firstname>Jack</firstname><surname>Jones</surname><name>Jack Jones</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>e348e4d768ee19c1d0c68ce3a66d6303</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-7372-0784</ORCID><firstname>Niels</firstname><surname>Madsen</surname><name>Niels Madsen</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>e8ebdf12e608884a8d4ea4af35b89b46</sid><ORCID>0000-0001-5178-9492</ORCID><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Maxwell</surname><name>Daniel Maxwell</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>d5167e8661859aff63e7984b1a421667</sid><firstname>Patrick</firstname><surname>Mullan</surname><name>Patrick Mullan</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>410158aa02788d739bed2e1c9a85fe7f</sid><firstname>Janko</firstname><surname>Nauta</surname><name>Janko Nauta</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>8d092bff80ec4e68bd02830ffe2ff179</sid><firstname>Kurt</firstname><surname>Thompson</surname><name>Kurt Thompson</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>3cc5f90671270bb06fff8abcfc6c8f1b</sid><firstname>Edward</firstname><surname>Thorpe-Woods</surname><name>Edward Thorpe-Woods</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2023-10-04</date><deptcode>SPH</deptcode><abstract>Einstein’s general theory of relativity from 19151 remains the most successful description of gravitation. From the 1919 solar eclipse2 to the observation of gravitational waves3, the theory has passed many crucial experimental tests. However, the evolving concepts of dark matter and dark energy illustrate that there is much to be learned about the gravitating content of the universe. Singularities in the general theory of relativity and the lack of a quantum theory of gravity suggest that our picture is incomplete. It is thus prudent to explore gravity in exotic physical systems. Antimatter was unknown to Einstein in 1915. Dirac’s theory4 appeared in 1928; the positron was observed5 in 1932. There has since been much speculation about gravity and antimatter. The theoretical consensus is that any laboratory mass must be attracted6 by the Earth, although some authors have considered the cosmological consequences if antimatter should be repelled by matter7,8,9,10. In the general theory of relativity, the weak equivalence principle (WEP) requires that all masses react identically to gravity, independent of their internal structure. Here we show that antihydrogen atoms, released from magnetic confinement in the ALPHA-g apparatus, behave in a way consistent with gravitational attraction to the Earth. Repulsive ‘antigravity’ is ruled out in this case. This experiment paves the way for precision studies of the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration between anti-atoms and the Earth to test the WEP.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Nature</journal><volume>621</volume><journalNumber>7980</journalNumber><paginationStart>716</paginationStart><paginationEnd>722</paginationEnd><publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0028-0836</issnPrint><issnElectronic>1476-4687</issnElectronic><keywords>Einstein’s general theory of relativity, gravity, antimatter, dark matter</keywords><publishedDay>28</publishedDay><publishedMonth>9</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2023</publishedYear><publishedDate>2023-09-28</publishedDate><doi>10.1038/s41586-023-06527-1</doi><url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06527-1</url><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Physics</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>SPH</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>This work was supported by: CNPq, FAPERJ, RENAFAE (Brazil); NSERC, NRC/TRIUMF, EHPDS/EHDRS, CFI, DRAC (Canada); FNU (Nice Centre), Carlsberg Foundation (Denmark); STFC, EPSRC, the Royal Society and the Leverhulme Trust (UK); DOE, NSF (USA); ISF (Israel); and VR (Sweden).</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2023-11-06T14:02:31.6726840</lastEdited><Created>2023-10-04T15:49:00.6730774</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics</level></path><authors><author><firstname>E. K.</firstname><surname>Anderson</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Christopher</firstname><surname>Baker</surname><orcid>0000-0002-9448-8419</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>W.</firstname><surname>Bertsche</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>N. M.</firstname><surname>Bhatt</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0512-2384</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>G.</firstname><surname>Bonomi</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>A.</firstname><surname>Capra</surname><orcid>0000-0001-9499-0380</orcid><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>I.</firstname><surname>Carli</surname><orcid>0000-0002-0411-1141</orcid><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>C. L.</firstname><surname>Cesar</surname><orcid>0000-0003-2638-0032</orcid><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Michael</firstname><surname>Charlton</surname><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>A.</firstname><surname>Christensen</surname><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>R.</firstname><surname>Collister</surname><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>April</firstname><surname>Cridland</surname><orcid>0000-0003-4361-0266</orcid><order>12</order></author><author><firstname>D. Duque</firstname><surname>Quiceno</surname><orcid>0009-0000-4625-3757</orcid><order>13</order></author><author><firstname>Stefan</firstname><surname>Eriksson</surname><orcid>0000-0002-5390-1879</orcid><order>14</order></author><author><firstname>A.</firstname><surname>Evans</surname><order>15</order></author><author><firstname>N.</firstname><surname>Evetts</surname><order>16</order></author><author><firstname>S.</firstname><surname>Fabbri</surname><order>17</order></author><author><firstname>J.</firstname><surname>Fajans</surname><orcid>0000-0002-4403-6027</orcid><order>18</order></author><author><firstname>A.</firstname><surname>Ferwerda</surname><order>19</order></author><author><firstname>T.</firstname><surname>Friesen</surname><order>20</order></author><author><firstname>M. C.</firstname><surname>Fujiwara</surname><order>21</order></author><author><firstname>D. R.</firstname><surname>Gill</surname><order>22</order></author><author><firstname>Lukas</firstname><surname>Golino</surname><order>23</order></author><author><firstname>M. B. Gomes</firstname><surname>Gonçalves</surname><order>24</order></author><author><firstname>P.</firstname><surname>Grandemange</surname><orcid>0000-0002-5550-1529</orcid><order>25</order></author><author><firstname>P.</firstname><surname>Granum</surname><orcid>0000-0002-2710-266x</orcid><order>26</order></author><author><firstname>J. S.</firstname><surname>Hangst</surname><orcid>0000-0001-5288-2330</orcid><order>27</order></author><author><firstname>M. E.</firstname><surname>Hayden</surname><order>28</order></author><author><firstname>D.</firstname><surname>Hodgkinson</surname><orcid>0000-0003-3410-5540</orcid><order>29</order></author><author><firstname>E. D.</firstname><surname>Hunter</surname><order>30</order></author><author><firstname>Christopher Aled</firstname><surname>Isaac</surname><orcid>NULL</orcid><order>31</order></author><author><firstname>A. J. U.</firstname><surname>Jimenez</surname><orcid>0000-0001-6331-0266</orcid><order>32</order></author><author><firstname>M. A.</firstname><surname>Johnson</surname><order>33</order></author><author><firstname>Jack</firstname><surname>Jones</surname><order>34</order></author><author><firstname>S. A.</firstname><surname>Jones</surname><orcid>0000-0001-8205-2186</orcid><order>35</order></author><author><firstname>S.</firstname><surname>Jonsell</surname><orcid>0000-0003-4969-1714</orcid><order>36</order></author><author><firstname>A.</firstname><surname>Khramov</surname><orcid>0000-0001-7218-8549</orcid><order>37</order></author><author><firstname>Niels</firstname><surname>Madsen</surname><orcid>0000-0002-7372-0784</orcid><order>38</order></author><author><firstname>L.</firstname><surname>Martin</surname><orcid>0000-0002-9163-8477</orcid><order>39</order></author><author><firstname>N.</firstname><surname>Massacret</surname><order>40</order></author><author><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Maxwell</surname><orcid>0000-0001-5178-9492</orcid><order>41</order></author><author><firstname>J. T. K.</firstname><surname>McKenna</surname><order>42</order></author><author><firstname>S.</firstname><surname>Menary</surname><order>43</order></author><author><firstname>T.</firstname><surname>Momose</surname><order>44</order></author><author><firstname>M.</firstname><surname>Mostamand</surname><order>45</order></author><author><firstname>Patrick</firstname><surname>Mullan</surname><order>46</order></author><author><firstname>Janko</firstname><surname>Nauta</surname><order>47</order></author><author><firstname>K.</firstname><surname>Olchanski</surname><order>48</order></author><author><firstname>A. N.</firstname><surname>Oliveira</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1567-7981</orcid><order>49</order></author><author><firstname>J.</firstname><surname>Peszka</surname><orcid>0000-0002-5140-8079</orcid><order>50</order></author><author><firstname>A.</firstname><surname>Powell</surname><orcid>0000-0003-2475-6067</orcid><order>51</order></author><author><firstname>C. 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v2 64655 2023-10-04 Observation of the effect of gravity on the motion of antimatter 0c72afb63bd0c6089fc5b60bd096103e 0000-0002-9448-8419 Christopher Baker Christopher Baker true false d9099cdd0f182eb9a1c8fc36ed94f53f Michael Charlton Michael Charlton true false e3c734cfda1e0b3835968762f39525cc 0000-0003-4361-0266 April Cridland April Cridland true false 785cbd474febb1bfa9c0e14abaf9c4a8 0000-0002-5390-1879 Stefan Eriksson Stefan Eriksson true false d9d18e9c25d4356d501a05686aac5f4e Lukas Golino Lukas Golino true false 6f6e1ef0e6e5fd7d716a3fbc337da042 NULL Christopher Aled Isaac Christopher Aled Isaac true true a1fd0a804e977beb3835bad353db5f72 Jack Jones Jack Jones true false e348e4d768ee19c1d0c68ce3a66d6303 0000-0002-7372-0784 Niels Madsen Niels Madsen true false e8ebdf12e608884a8d4ea4af35b89b46 0000-0001-5178-9492 Daniel Maxwell Daniel Maxwell true false d5167e8661859aff63e7984b1a421667 Patrick Mullan Patrick Mullan true false 410158aa02788d739bed2e1c9a85fe7f Janko Nauta Janko Nauta true false 8d092bff80ec4e68bd02830ffe2ff179 Kurt Thompson Kurt Thompson true false 3cc5f90671270bb06fff8abcfc6c8f1b Edward Thorpe-Woods Edward Thorpe-Woods true false 2023-10-04 SPH Einstein’s general theory of relativity from 19151 remains the most successful description of gravitation. From the 1919 solar eclipse2 to the observation of gravitational waves3, the theory has passed many crucial experimental tests. However, the evolving concepts of dark matter and dark energy illustrate that there is much to be learned about the gravitating content of the universe. Singularities in the general theory of relativity and the lack of a quantum theory of gravity suggest that our picture is incomplete. It is thus prudent to explore gravity in exotic physical systems. Antimatter was unknown to Einstein in 1915. Dirac’s theory4 appeared in 1928; the positron was observed5 in 1932. There has since been much speculation about gravity and antimatter. The theoretical consensus is that any laboratory mass must be attracted6 by the Earth, although some authors have considered the cosmological consequences if antimatter should be repelled by matter7,8,9,10. In the general theory of relativity, the weak equivalence principle (WEP) requires that all masses react identically to gravity, independent of their internal structure. Here we show that antihydrogen atoms, released from magnetic confinement in the ALPHA-g apparatus, behave in a way consistent with gravitational attraction to the Earth. Repulsive ‘antigravity’ is ruled out in this case. This experiment paves the way for precision studies of the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration between anti-atoms and the Earth to test the WEP. Journal Article Nature 621 7980 716 722 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 0028-0836 1476-4687 Einstein’s general theory of relativity, gravity, antimatter, dark matter 28 9 2023 2023-09-28 10.1038/s41586-023-06527-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06527-1 COLLEGE NANME Physics COLLEGE CODE SPH Swansea University This work was supported by: CNPq, FAPERJ, RENAFAE (Brazil); NSERC, NRC/TRIUMF, EHPDS/EHDRS, CFI, DRAC (Canada); FNU (Nice Centre), Carlsberg Foundation (Denmark); STFC, EPSRC, the Royal Society and the Leverhulme Trust (UK); DOE, NSF (USA); ISF (Israel); and VR (Sweden). 2023-11-06T14:02:31.6726840 2023-10-04T15:49:00.6730774 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics E. K. Anderson 1 Christopher Baker 0000-0002-9448-8419 2 W. Bertsche 3 N. M. Bhatt 0000-0003-0512-2384 4 G. Bonomi 5 A. Capra 0000-0001-9499-0380 6 I. Carli 0000-0002-0411-1141 7 C. L. Cesar 0000-0003-2638-0032 8 Michael Charlton 9 A. Christensen 10 R. Collister 11 April Cridland 0000-0003-4361-0266 12 D. Duque Quiceno 0009-0000-4625-3757 13 Stefan Eriksson 0000-0002-5390-1879 14 A. Evans 15 N. Evetts 16 S. Fabbri 17 J. Fajans 0000-0002-4403-6027 18 A. Ferwerda 19 T. Friesen 20 M. C. Fujiwara 21 D. R. Gill 22 Lukas Golino 23 M. B. Gomes Gonçalves 24 P. Grandemange 0000-0002-5550-1529 25 P. Granum 0000-0002-2710-266x 26 J. S. Hangst 0000-0001-5288-2330 27 M. E. Hayden 28 D. Hodgkinson 0000-0003-3410-5540 29 E. D. Hunter 30 Christopher Aled Isaac NULL 31 A. J. U. Jimenez 0000-0001-6331-0266 32 M. A. Johnson 33 Jack Jones 34 S. A. Jones 0000-0001-8205-2186 35 S. Jonsell 0000-0003-4969-1714 36 A. Khramov 0000-0001-7218-8549 37 Niels Madsen 0000-0002-7372-0784 38 L. Martin 0000-0002-9163-8477 39 N. Massacret 40 Daniel Maxwell 0000-0001-5178-9492 41 J. T. K. McKenna 42 S. Menary 43 T. Momose 44 M. Mostamand 45 Patrick Mullan 46 Janko Nauta 47 K. Olchanski 48 A. N. Oliveira 0000-0003-1567-7981 49 J. Peszka 0000-0002-5140-8079 50 A. Powell 0000-0003-2475-6067 51 C. Ø. Rasmussen 0000-0002-6029-1730 52 F. Robicheaux 0000-0002-8054-6040 53 R. L. Sacramento 54 M. Sameed 0000-0002-9706-8970 55 E. Sarid 56 J. Schoonwater 0000-0001-5152-4830 57 D. M. Silveira 58 J. Singh 0000-0002-2981-9234 59 G. Smith 0009-0005-9784-5273 60 C. So 61 S. Stracka 0000-0003-0013-4714 62 G. Stutter 0000-0002-1629-7588 63 T. D. Tharp 64 Kurt Thompson 65 R. I. Thompson 66 Edward Thorpe-Woods 67 C. Torkzaban 68 M. Urioni 0000-0002-4455-7383 69 P. Woosaree 70 J. S. Wurtele 0000-0001-8401-0297 71 64655__28753__6593d579122c41608be47bbc761f0443.pdf 64655.pdf 2023-10-10T11:07:43.9219399 Output 10930217 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2023. Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY 4.0). true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| title |
Observation of the effect of gravity on the motion of antimatter |
| spellingShingle |
Observation of the effect of gravity on the motion of antimatter Christopher Baker Michael Charlton April Cridland Stefan Eriksson Lukas Golino Christopher Aled Isaac Jack Jones Niels Madsen Daniel Maxwell Patrick Mullan Janko Nauta Kurt Thompson Edward Thorpe-Woods |
| title_short |
Observation of the effect of gravity on the motion of antimatter |
| title_full |
Observation of the effect of gravity on the motion of antimatter |
| title_fullStr |
Observation of the effect of gravity on the motion of antimatter |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Observation of the effect of gravity on the motion of antimatter |
| title_sort |
Observation of the effect of gravity on the motion of antimatter |
| author_id_str_mv |
0c72afb63bd0c6089fc5b60bd096103e d9099cdd0f182eb9a1c8fc36ed94f53f e3c734cfda1e0b3835968762f39525cc 785cbd474febb1bfa9c0e14abaf9c4a8 d9d18e9c25d4356d501a05686aac5f4e 6f6e1ef0e6e5fd7d716a3fbc337da042 a1fd0a804e977beb3835bad353db5f72 e348e4d768ee19c1d0c68ce3a66d6303 e8ebdf12e608884a8d4ea4af35b89b46 d5167e8661859aff63e7984b1a421667 410158aa02788d739bed2e1c9a85fe7f 8d092bff80ec4e68bd02830ffe2ff179 3cc5f90671270bb06fff8abcfc6c8f1b |
| author_id_fullname_str_mv |
0c72afb63bd0c6089fc5b60bd096103e_***_Christopher Baker d9099cdd0f182eb9a1c8fc36ed94f53f_***_Michael Charlton e3c734cfda1e0b3835968762f39525cc_***_April Cridland 785cbd474febb1bfa9c0e14abaf9c4a8_***_Stefan Eriksson d9d18e9c25d4356d501a05686aac5f4e_***_Lukas Golino 6f6e1ef0e6e5fd7d716a3fbc337da042_***_Christopher Aled Isaac a1fd0a804e977beb3835bad353db5f72_***_Jack Jones e348e4d768ee19c1d0c68ce3a66d6303_***_Niels Madsen e8ebdf12e608884a8d4ea4af35b89b46_***_Daniel Maxwell d5167e8661859aff63e7984b1a421667_***_Patrick Mullan 410158aa02788d739bed2e1c9a85fe7f_***_Janko Nauta 8d092bff80ec4e68bd02830ffe2ff179_***_Kurt Thompson 3cc5f90671270bb06fff8abcfc6c8f1b_***_Edward Thorpe-Woods |
| author |
Christopher Baker Michael Charlton April Cridland Stefan Eriksson Lukas Golino Christopher Aled Isaac Jack Jones Niels Madsen Daniel Maxwell Patrick Mullan Janko Nauta Kurt Thompson Edward Thorpe-Woods |
| author2 |
E. K. Anderson Christopher Baker W. Bertsche N. M. Bhatt G. Bonomi A. Capra I. Carli C. L. Cesar Michael Charlton A. Christensen R. Collister April Cridland D. Duque Quiceno Stefan Eriksson A. Evans N. Evetts S. Fabbri J. Fajans A. Ferwerda T. Friesen M. C. Fujiwara D. R. Gill Lukas Golino M. B. Gomes Gonçalves P. Grandemange P. Granum J. S. Hangst M. E. Hayden D. Hodgkinson E. D. Hunter Christopher Aled Isaac A. J. U. Jimenez M. A. Johnson Jack Jones S. A. Jones S. Jonsell A. Khramov Niels Madsen L. Martin N. Massacret Daniel Maxwell J. T. K. McKenna S. Menary T. Momose M. Mostamand Patrick Mullan Janko Nauta K. Olchanski A. N. Oliveira J. Peszka A. Powell C. Ø. Rasmussen F. Robicheaux R. L. Sacramento M. Sameed E. Sarid J. Schoonwater D. M. Silveira J. Singh G. Smith C. So S. Stracka G. Stutter T. D. Tharp Kurt Thompson R. I. Thompson Edward Thorpe-Woods C. Torkzaban M. Urioni P. Woosaree J. S. Wurtele |
| format |
Journal article |
| container_title |
Nature |
| container_volume |
621 |
| container_issue |
7980 |
| container_start_page |
716 |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| institution |
Swansea University |
| issn |
0028-0836 1476-4687 |
| doi_str_mv |
10.1038/s41586-023-06527-1 |
| publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
| college_str |
Faculty of Science and Engineering |
| hierarchytype |
|
| hierarchy_top_id |
facultyofscienceandengineering |
| hierarchy_top_title |
Faculty of Science and Engineering |
| hierarchy_parent_id |
facultyofscienceandengineering |
| hierarchy_parent_title |
Faculty of Science and Engineering |
| department_str |
School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06527-1 |
| document_store_str |
1 |
| active_str |
0 |
| description |
Einstein’s general theory of relativity from 19151 remains the most successful description of gravitation. From the 1919 solar eclipse2 to the observation of gravitational waves3, the theory has passed many crucial experimental tests. However, the evolving concepts of dark matter and dark energy illustrate that there is much to be learned about the gravitating content of the universe. Singularities in the general theory of relativity and the lack of a quantum theory of gravity suggest that our picture is incomplete. It is thus prudent to explore gravity in exotic physical systems. Antimatter was unknown to Einstein in 1915. Dirac’s theory4 appeared in 1928; the positron was observed5 in 1932. There has since been much speculation about gravity and antimatter. The theoretical consensus is that any laboratory mass must be attracted6 by the Earth, although some authors have considered the cosmological consequences if antimatter should be repelled by matter7,8,9,10. In the general theory of relativity, the weak equivalence principle (WEP) requires that all masses react identically to gravity, independent of their internal structure. Here we show that antihydrogen atoms, released from magnetic confinement in the ALPHA-g apparatus, behave in a way consistent with gravitational attraction to the Earth. Repulsive ‘antigravity’ is ruled out in this case. This experiment paves the way for precision studies of the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration between anti-atoms and the Earth to test the WEP. |
| published_date |
2023-09-28T14:02:37Z |
| _version_ |
1781823551886589952 |
| score |
11.013104 |