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Water–soil interactions: unravelling the processes and stages involved in the wetting of water repellent soils

Helen M. Balshaw, Peter Douglas, Stefan Doerr Orcid Logo

Journal of Hydrology X, Volume: 20, Start page: 100158

Swansea University Author: Stefan Doerr Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.hydroa.2023.100158

Abstract

Water repellent behaviour of soils is a widely studied phenomenon given its implications for infiltration, runoff, erosion and preferential flow. However, the principles underlying the eventual penetration of water into affected soils remain poorly understood. Theoretical considerations of the energ...

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Published in: Journal of Hydrology X
ISSN: 2589-9155
Published: Elsevier BV 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa64106
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spelling v2 64106 2023-08-23 Water–soil interactions: unravelling the processes and stages involved in the wetting of water repellent soils 575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088 0000-0002-8700-9002 Stefan Doerr Stefan Doerr true false 2023-08-23 SGE Water repellent behaviour of soils is a widely studied phenomenon given its implications for infiltration, runoff, erosion and preferential flow. However, the principles underlying the eventual penetration of water into affected soils remain poorly understood. Theoretical considerations of the energetics and kinetics involved as a water drop makes contact with a water repellent soil surface and eventually penetrates into the soil suggest three distinct stages in the overall process. These stages are 1) adhesional wetting as soil and water first make contact, followed by 2) a kinetic barrier transitional stage in which molecular reorganisation of organics on soil reduces the water-soil contact angle to allow the water drop to sit deeper over soil particles of initial contact such that there is contact with particles in directly underlying soil layers, and finally 3) branching interstitial wetting as water penetrates into the bulk soil. Studies presented here of optical microscopy, mass of soil initially wetted, penetration time through layers of soil of different thicknesses, and time-dependent measurements of contact angle, volume of water penetrated, and mass of soil wetted, all give results consistent with this model. However, only for highly water repellent soils can distinct stages in wetting be clearly resolved experimentally, presumably because only these soils have a high enough kinetic barrier in the transitional stage for good separation between stages. For less water repellent soils, while the general time dependent behaviour remains consistent with the model, the distinction between the three stages is not so easy to resolve experimentally. The roles of contact angle, particle size distribution and drop size in determining the rates of these stages is considered, and the implications of the model for understanding soil water repellency are discussed. Journal Article Journal of Hydrology X 20 100158 Elsevier BV 2589-9155 24 8 2023 2023-08-24 10.1016/j.hydroa.2023.100158 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydroa.2023.100158 COLLEGE NANME Geography COLLEGE CODE SGE Swansea University EPSRC DTA, EP/L504865/1 2023-10-02T13:07:19.7731849 2023-08-23T08:59:39.3493370 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography Helen M. Balshaw 1 Peter Douglas 2 Stefan Doerr 0000-0002-8700-9002 3 64106__28590__6318d75875014c3c90da14458eba7373.pdf 64106VoR.pdf 2023-09-19T15:11:10.6614792 Output 12008764 application/pdf Version of Record true This is an open access article under the CC BY Attribution 4.0 license . true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Water–soil interactions: unravelling the processes and stages involved in the wetting of water repellent soils
spellingShingle Water–soil interactions: unravelling the processes and stages involved in the wetting of water repellent soils
Stefan Doerr
title_short Water–soil interactions: unravelling the processes and stages involved in the wetting of water repellent soils
title_full Water–soil interactions: unravelling the processes and stages involved in the wetting of water repellent soils
title_fullStr Water–soil interactions: unravelling the processes and stages involved in the wetting of water repellent soils
title_full_unstemmed Water–soil interactions: unravelling the processes and stages involved in the wetting of water repellent soils
title_sort Water–soil interactions: unravelling the processes and stages involved in the wetting of water repellent soils
author_id_str_mv 575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088
author_id_fullname_str_mv 575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088_***_Stefan Doerr
author Stefan Doerr
author2 Helen M. Balshaw
Peter Douglas
Stefan Doerr
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Hydrology X
container_volume 20
container_start_page 100158
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 2589-9155
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.hydroa.2023.100158
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydroa.2023.100158
document_store_str 1
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description Water repellent behaviour of soils is a widely studied phenomenon given its implications for infiltration, runoff, erosion and preferential flow. However, the principles underlying the eventual penetration of water into affected soils remain poorly understood. Theoretical considerations of the energetics and kinetics involved as a water drop makes contact with a water repellent soil surface and eventually penetrates into the soil suggest three distinct stages in the overall process. These stages are 1) adhesional wetting as soil and water first make contact, followed by 2) a kinetic barrier transitional stage in which molecular reorganisation of organics on soil reduces the water-soil contact angle to allow the water drop to sit deeper over soil particles of initial contact such that there is contact with particles in directly underlying soil layers, and finally 3) branching interstitial wetting as water penetrates into the bulk soil. Studies presented here of optical microscopy, mass of soil initially wetted, penetration time through layers of soil of different thicknesses, and time-dependent measurements of contact angle, volume of water penetrated, and mass of soil wetted, all give results consistent with this model. However, only for highly water repellent soils can distinct stages in wetting be clearly resolved experimentally, presumably because only these soils have a high enough kinetic barrier in the transitional stage for good separation between stages. For less water repellent soils, while the general time dependent behaviour remains consistent with the model, the distinction between the three stages is not so easy to resolve experimentally. The roles of contact angle, particle size distribution and drop size in determining the rates of these stages is considered, and the implications of the model for understanding soil water repellency are discussed.
published_date 2023-08-24T13:07:22Z
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