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The Thermodynamic Limit of Indoor Photovoltaics Based on Energetically‐Disordered Molecular Semiconductors

AUSTIN KAY, MAURA FITZSIMONS, Gregory Burwell Orcid Logo, Paul Meredith Orcid Logo, Ardalan Armin Orcid Logo, Oskar Sandberg Orcid Logo

Solar RRL, Volume: 7, Issue: 18

Swansea University Authors: AUSTIN KAY, MAURA FITZSIMONS, Gregory Burwell Orcid Logo, Paul Meredith Orcid Logo, Ardalan Armin Orcid Logo, Oskar Sandberg Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1002/solr.202300277

Abstract

Due to their tailorable optical properties, organic semiconductors show considerable promise for use in indoor photovoltaics (IPVs), which present a sustainable route for powering ubiquitous “Internet-of-Things” devices in the coming decades. However, owing to their excitonic and energetically disor...

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Published in: Solar RRL
ISSN: 2367-198X 2367-198X
Published: Wiley 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa63716
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However, owing to their excitonic and energetically disordered nature, organic semiconductors generally display considerable sub-gap absorption and relatively large non-radiative losses in solar cells. To optimize organic semiconductor-based photovoltaics, it is therefore vital to understand how energetic disorder and non-radiative recombination limit the performance of these devices under indoor light sources. In this work, we explore how energetic disorder, sub-optical gap absorption, and non-radiative open-circuit voltage losses detrimentally affect the upper performance limits of organic semiconductor-based IPVs. Based on these considerations, we provide realistic upper estimates for the power conversion efficiency. The energetic disorder, inherently present in molecular semiconductors, is generally found to shift the optimal optical gap from 1.83 eV to ∽1.9 eV for devices operating under LED spectra. Finally, we also describe a methodology (accompanied by a computational tool with a graphical user interface) for predicting IPV performance under arbitrary illumination conditions. 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spelling v2 63716 2023-06-27 The Thermodynamic Limit of Indoor Photovoltaics Based on Energetically‐Disordered Molecular Semiconductors 3e6bba5f494384d1fe09c3c3315925e6 AUSTIN KAY AUSTIN KAY true false 76d6ba0180276c72d4e3bd6a3bee4937 MAURA FITZSIMONS MAURA FITZSIMONS true false 49890fbfbe127d4ae94bc10dc2b24199 0000-0002-2534-9626 Gregory Burwell Gregory Burwell true false 31e8fe57fa180d418afd48c3af280c2e 0000-0002-9049-7414 Paul Meredith Paul Meredith true false 22b270622d739d81e131bec7a819e2fd 0000-0002-6129-5354 Ardalan Armin Ardalan Armin true false 9e91512a54d5aee66cd77851a96ba747 0000-0003-3778-8746 Oskar Sandberg Oskar Sandberg true false 2023-06-27 Due to their tailorable optical properties, organic semiconductors show considerable promise for use in indoor photovoltaics (IPVs), which present a sustainable route for powering ubiquitous “Internet-of-Things” devices in the coming decades. However, owing to their excitonic and energetically disordered nature, organic semiconductors generally display considerable sub-gap absorption and relatively large non-radiative losses in solar cells. To optimize organic semiconductor-based photovoltaics, it is therefore vital to understand how energetic disorder and non-radiative recombination limit the performance of these devices under indoor light sources. In this work, we explore how energetic disorder, sub-optical gap absorption, and non-radiative open-circuit voltage losses detrimentally affect the upper performance limits of organic semiconductor-based IPVs. Based on these considerations, we provide realistic upper estimates for the power conversion efficiency. The energetic disorder, inherently present in molecular semiconductors, is generally found to shift the optimal optical gap from 1.83 eV to ∽1.9 eV for devices operating under LED spectra. Finally, we also describe a methodology (accompanied by a computational tool with a graphical user interface) for predicting IPV performance under arbitrary illumination conditions. Using this methodology, we estimate the indoor PCEs of several photovoltaic materials, including the state-of-the-art systems PM6:Y6 and PM6:BTP-eC9. Journal Article Solar RRL 7 18 Wiley 2367-198X 2367-198X Indoor Photovoltaics, Power Conversion Efficiency, Organic Photovoltaics, Sub-GapAbsorption, Radiative Losses, Non-Radiative Losses, Open-Circuit Voltage 1 9 2023 2023-09-01 10.1002/solr.202300277 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) Swansea University, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/T028513/1). 2024-04-04T18:58:41.8388404 2023-06-27T09:34:25.0712758 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics AUSTIN KAY 1 MAURA FITZSIMONS 2 Gregory Burwell 0000-0002-2534-9626 3 Paul Meredith 0000-0002-9049-7414 4 Ardalan Armin 0000-0002-6129-5354 5 Oskar Sandberg 0000-0003-3778-8746 6 Under embargo Under embargo 2023-06-27T09:39:52.7073168 Output 2646375 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2024-07-12T00:00:00.0000000 true eng 63716__28450__125626f0a369455a980c1db50694c727.pdf 63176 VoR.pdf 2023-09-05T11:27:10.7601798 Output 1912297 application/pdf Version of Record true This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title The Thermodynamic Limit of Indoor Photovoltaics Based on Energetically‐Disordered Molecular Semiconductors
spellingShingle The Thermodynamic Limit of Indoor Photovoltaics Based on Energetically‐Disordered Molecular Semiconductors
AUSTIN KAY
MAURA FITZSIMONS
Gregory Burwell
Paul Meredith
Ardalan Armin
Oskar Sandberg
title_short The Thermodynamic Limit of Indoor Photovoltaics Based on Energetically‐Disordered Molecular Semiconductors
title_full The Thermodynamic Limit of Indoor Photovoltaics Based on Energetically‐Disordered Molecular Semiconductors
title_fullStr The Thermodynamic Limit of Indoor Photovoltaics Based on Energetically‐Disordered Molecular Semiconductors
title_full_unstemmed The Thermodynamic Limit of Indoor Photovoltaics Based on Energetically‐Disordered Molecular Semiconductors
title_sort The Thermodynamic Limit of Indoor Photovoltaics Based on Energetically‐Disordered Molecular Semiconductors
author_id_str_mv 3e6bba5f494384d1fe09c3c3315925e6
76d6ba0180276c72d4e3bd6a3bee4937
49890fbfbe127d4ae94bc10dc2b24199
31e8fe57fa180d418afd48c3af280c2e
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9e91512a54d5aee66cd77851a96ba747
author_id_fullname_str_mv 3e6bba5f494384d1fe09c3c3315925e6_***_AUSTIN KAY
76d6ba0180276c72d4e3bd6a3bee4937_***_MAURA FITZSIMONS
49890fbfbe127d4ae94bc10dc2b24199_***_Gregory Burwell
31e8fe57fa180d418afd48c3af280c2e_***_Paul Meredith
22b270622d739d81e131bec7a819e2fd_***_Ardalan Armin
9e91512a54d5aee66cd77851a96ba747_***_Oskar Sandberg
author AUSTIN KAY
MAURA FITZSIMONS
Gregory Burwell
Paul Meredith
Ardalan Armin
Oskar Sandberg
author2 AUSTIN KAY
MAURA FITZSIMONS
Gregory Burwell
Paul Meredith
Ardalan Armin
Oskar Sandberg
format Journal article
container_title Solar RRL
container_volume 7
container_issue 18
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 2367-198X
2367-198X
doi_str_mv 10.1002/solr.202300277
publisher Wiley
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Due to their tailorable optical properties, organic semiconductors show considerable promise for use in indoor photovoltaics (IPVs), which present a sustainable route for powering ubiquitous “Internet-of-Things” devices in the coming decades. However, owing to their excitonic and energetically disordered nature, organic semiconductors generally display considerable sub-gap absorption and relatively large non-radiative losses in solar cells. To optimize organic semiconductor-based photovoltaics, it is therefore vital to understand how energetic disorder and non-radiative recombination limit the performance of these devices under indoor light sources. In this work, we explore how energetic disorder, sub-optical gap absorption, and non-radiative open-circuit voltage losses detrimentally affect the upper performance limits of organic semiconductor-based IPVs. Based on these considerations, we provide realistic upper estimates for the power conversion efficiency. The energetic disorder, inherently present in molecular semiconductors, is generally found to shift the optimal optical gap from 1.83 eV to ∽1.9 eV for devices operating under LED spectra. Finally, we also describe a methodology (accompanied by a computational tool with a graphical user interface) for predicting IPV performance under arbitrary illumination conditions. Using this methodology, we estimate the indoor PCEs of several photovoltaic materials, including the state-of-the-art systems PM6:Y6 and PM6:BTP-eC9.
published_date 2023-09-01T18:58:37Z
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