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Chemical characteristics of wildfire ash across the globe and their environmental and socio-economic implications

Carmen Sanchez-Garcia, Cristina Santin Nuno, Jonay Neris Tome, Sigmund G, Otero X. L., Joella Manley, González-Rodríguez G, Belcher C, Cerdà A, Marcotte A. L, Murphy S. F, Rhoades C. C, Sheridan G, Strydom T, Robichaud P. R, Stefan Doerr Orcid Logo

Environment International, Volume: 178, Start page: 108065

Swansea University Authors: Carmen Sanchez-Garcia, Cristina Santin Nuno, Jonay Neris Tome, Joella Manley, Stefan Doerr Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108065

Abstract

The mobilisation of potentially harmful chemical constituents in wildfire ash can be a major consequence of wildfires, posing widespread societal risks. Knowledge of wildfire ash chemical composition is crucial to anticipate and mitigate these risks. Here we present a comprehensive dataset on the ch...

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Published in: Environment International
ISSN: 0160-4120
Published: Elsevier BV 2023
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Knowledge of wildfire ash chemical composition is crucial to anticipate and mitigate these risks. Here we present a comprehensive dataset on the chemical characteristics of a wide range of wildfire ashes (42 types and a total of 148 samples) from wildfires across the globe and examine their potential societal and environmentalimplications. An extensive review of studies analysing chemical composition in ash was also performed to complement and compare our ash dataset. Most ashes in our dataset had an alkaline reaction (mean pH 8.8, ranging between 6 and 11.2). Important constituents of wildfire ash were organic carbon (mean: 204 g kg−1), calcium, aluminium, and iron (mean: 47.9, 17.9 and 17.1 g kg−1). Mean nitrogen and phosphorus ranged between 1 and 25 g kg−1, and between 0.2 and9.9 g kg−1, respectively. The largest concentrations of metals of concern for human and ecosystem health were observed for manganese (mean: 1488 mg kg−1; three ecosystems &gt; 1000 mg kg−1), zinc (mean: 181 mg kg−1; two ecosystems &gt; 500 mg kg−1) and lead (mean: 66.9 mg kg−1; two ecosystems &gt; 200 mg kg−1). Burn severity and sampling timing were key factors influencing ash chemical characteristics like pH, carbon and nitrogen concentrations. The highest readily dissolvable fractions (as a % of ash dry weight) in water were observed for sodium (18 %) and magnesium (11.4 %). Although concentrations of elements of concern were very close to, or exceeded international contamination standards in some ashes, the actual effect of ash will depend on factors likeash loads and the dilution into environmental matrices such as water, soil and sediment. 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spelling v2 63712 2023-06-26 Chemical characteristics of wildfire ash across the globe and their environmental and socio-economic implications 466600dc1f90b208a9008df7c9805a7b Carmen Sanchez-Garcia Carmen Sanchez-Garcia true false 993c82cbaf875c1268156360e83c4dfd Cristina Santin Nuno Cristina Santin Nuno true false bc8475d9297bd8441f68d13a94585ce1 Jonay Neris Tome Jonay Neris Tome true false ff3fe572ad506b4929faf63e67907518 Joella Manley Joella Manley true false 575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088 0000-0002-8700-9002 Stefan Doerr Stefan Doerr true false 2023-06-26 SGE The mobilisation of potentially harmful chemical constituents in wildfire ash can be a major consequence of wildfires, posing widespread societal risks. Knowledge of wildfire ash chemical composition is crucial to anticipate and mitigate these risks. Here we present a comprehensive dataset on the chemical characteristics of a wide range of wildfire ashes (42 types and a total of 148 samples) from wildfires across the globe and examine their potential societal and environmentalimplications. An extensive review of studies analysing chemical composition in ash was also performed to complement and compare our ash dataset. Most ashes in our dataset had an alkaline reaction (mean pH 8.8, ranging between 6 and 11.2). Important constituents of wildfire ash were organic carbon (mean: 204 g kg−1), calcium, aluminium, and iron (mean: 47.9, 17.9 and 17.1 g kg−1). Mean nitrogen and phosphorus ranged between 1 and 25 g kg−1, and between 0.2 and9.9 g kg−1, respectively. The largest concentrations of metals of concern for human and ecosystem health were observed for manganese (mean: 1488 mg kg−1; three ecosystems > 1000 mg kg−1), zinc (mean: 181 mg kg−1; two ecosystems > 500 mg kg−1) and lead (mean: 66.9 mg kg−1; two ecosystems > 200 mg kg−1). Burn severity and sampling timing were key factors influencing ash chemical characteristics like pH, carbon and nitrogen concentrations. The highest readily dissolvable fractions (as a % of ash dry weight) in water were observed for sodium (18 %) and magnesium (11.4 %). Although concentrations of elements of concern were very close to, or exceeded international contamination standards in some ashes, the actual effect of ash will depend on factors likeash loads and the dilution into environmental matrices such as water, soil and sediment. Our approach can serve as an initial methodological standardisation of wildfire ash sampling and chemical analysis protocols. Journal Article Environment International 178 108065 Elsevier BV 0160-4120 Water contamination and eutrophication, Wildfire impacts, Mobilization, Water quality, Ash redistribution, Biogeochemical cycles 31 8 2023 2023-08-31 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108065 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108065 COLLEGE NANME Geography COLLEGE CODE SGE Swansea University External research funder(s) paid the OA fee (includes OA grants disbursed by the Library) UKRI: NE/R011125/1, NE/T003553/1, European Union’s Horizon 2020 (FirEUrisk; 101003890), Leverhulme Trust (Grant RPG-2014-095), Spanish “Ramon y Cajal” programme (RYC2018-025797-I), Horizon 2020 MSCA-ITN-2019 – Innovative Training Networks agreement no. 860787. 2023-09-07T17:03:16.0947287 2023-06-26T18:58:25.6392725 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography Carmen Sanchez-Garcia 1 Cristina Santin Nuno 2 Jonay Neris Tome 3 Sigmund G 4 Otero X. L. 5 Joella Manley 6 González-Rodríguez G 7 Belcher C 8 Cerdà A 9 Marcotte A. L 10 Murphy S. F 11 Rhoades C. C 12 Sheridan G 13 Strydom T 14 Robichaud P. R 15 Stefan Doerr 0000-0002-8700-9002 16 63712__28041__fc61bed292ed47ea944a0fb20940bdab.pdf 63712.pdf 2023-07-05T11:22:06.1293592 Output 1341282 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true true eng 63712__28433__b27a76dda4cd4797b6853445643499c6.pdf 63712 VOR.pdf 2023-09-04T11:35:21.3994802 Output 6313410 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Chemical characteristics of wildfire ash across the globe and their environmental and socio-economic implications
spellingShingle Chemical characteristics of wildfire ash across the globe and their environmental and socio-economic implications
Carmen Sanchez-Garcia
Cristina Santin Nuno
Jonay Neris Tome
Joella Manley
Stefan Doerr
title_short Chemical characteristics of wildfire ash across the globe and their environmental and socio-economic implications
title_full Chemical characteristics of wildfire ash across the globe and their environmental and socio-economic implications
title_fullStr Chemical characteristics of wildfire ash across the globe and their environmental and socio-economic implications
title_full_unstemmed Chemical characteristics of wildfire ash across the globe and their environmental and socio-economic implications
title_sort Chemical characteristics of wildfire ash across the globe and their environmental and socio-economic implications
author_id_str_mv 466600dc1f90b208a9008df7c9805a7b
993c82cbaf875c1268156360e83c4dfd
bc8475d9297bd8441f68d13a94585ce1
ff3fe572ad506b4929faf63e67907518
575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088
author_id_fullname_str_mv 466600dc1f90b208a9008df7c9805a7b_***_Carmen Sanchez-Garcia
993c82cbaf875c1268156360e83c4dfd_***_Cristina Santin Nuno
bc8475d9297bd8441f68d13a94585ce1_***_Jonay Neris Tome
ff3fe572ad506b4929faf63e67907518_***_Joella Manley
575eb5094f2328249328b3e43deb5088_***_Stefan Doerr
author Carmen Sanchez-Garcia
Cristina Santin Nuno
Jonay Neris Tome
Joella Manley
Stefan Doerr
author2 Carmen Sanchez-Garcia
Cristina Santin Nuno
Jonay Neris Tome
Sigmund G
Otero X. L.
Joella Manley
González-Rodríguez G
Belcher C
Cerdà A
Marcotte A. L
Murphy S. F
Rhoades C. C
Sheridan G
Strydom T
Robichaud P. R
Stefan Doerr
format Journal article
container_title Environment International
container_volume 178
container_start_page 108065
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 0160-4120
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108065
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108065
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The mobilisation of potentially harmful chemical constituents in wildfire ash can be a major consequence of wildfires, posing widespread societal risks. Knowledge of wildfire ash chemical composition is crucial to anticipate and mitigate these risks. Here we present a comprehensive dataset on the chemical characteristics of a wide range of wildfire ashes (42 types and a total of 148 samples) from wildfires across the globe and examine their potential societal and environmentalimplications. An extensive review of studies analysing chemical composition in ash was also performed to complement and compare our ash dataset. Most ashes in our dataset had an alkaline reaction (mean pH 8.8, ranging between 6 and 11.2). Important constituents of wildfire ash were organic carbon (mean: 204 g kg−1), calcium, aluminium, and iron (mean: 47.9, 17.9 and 17.1 g kg−1). Mean nitrogen and phosphorus ranged between 1 and 25 g kg−1, and between 0.2 and9.9 g kg−1, respectively. The largest concentrations of metals of concern for human and ecosystem health were observed for manganese (mean: 1488 mg kg−1; three ecosystems > 1000 mg kg−1), zinc (mean: 181 mg kg−1; two ecosystems > 500 mg kg−1) and lead (mean: 66.9 mg kg−1; two ecosystems > 200 mg kg−1). Burn severity and sampling timing were key factors influencing ash chemical characteristics like pH, carbon and nitrogen concentrations. The highest readily dissolvable fractions (as a % of ash dry weight) in water were observed for sodium (18 %) and magnesium (11.4 %). Although concentrations of elements of concern were very close to, or exceeded international contamination standards in some ashes, the actual effect of ash will depend on factors likeash loads and the dilution into environmental matrices such as water, soil and sediment. Our approach can serve as an initial methodological standardisation of wildfire ash sampling and chemical analysis protocols.
published_date 2023-08-31T17:03:17Z
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score 11.013731

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