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Overshadowing, but not relative validity, between the elements of an outcome during human associative learning

Martyn Quigley, Mark Haselgrove

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Volume: 203, Start page: 107790

Swansea University Author: Martyn Quigley

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107790

Abstract

Overshadowing and relative validity constitute two phenomena that inspired the development of the Rescorla-Wagner model in 1972. They demonstrate that cues will interact with one another for an association with the presence or absence of an outcome. Here, three experiments sought to explore whether...

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Published in: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
ISSN: 1074-7427 1095-9564
Published: Elsevier BV 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa63683
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spelling v2 63683 2023-06-22 Overshadowing, but not relative validity, between the elements of an outcome during human associative learning 45ba0b00b12b2a4cd533dcd42f0121d9 Martyn Quigley Martyn Quigley true false 2023-06-22 HPS Overshadowing and relative validity constitute two phenomena that inspired the development of the Rescorla-Wagner model in 1972. They demonstrate that cues will interact with one another for an association with the presence or absence of an outcome. Here, three experiments sought to explore whether these two effects extended to outcomes using a food allergist paradigm with human participants. In Experiment 1 (overshadowing) participants received trials in which a cue was followed by a compound of two outcomes (A-O1O2). Test trials revealed that participants learned less about the A-O2 association than they did between a control cue C, which had been paired with O2 in isolation (C-O2) in training – thus demonstrating an outcome overshadowing effect. In Experiment 2 (relative validity) participants received true discrimination trials, in which A was paired with an O1O3 compound and B was paired with an O2O3 compound, and pseudo discrimination trials, in which C and D were paired on 50% of the trials with an O4O6 compound and on the remaining trials with an O5O6 compound. Consequently, O3 is less well predicted by A and B relative to O1 and O2, whereas O6 is equally well predicted by C and D relative to O4 and O5. Despite the relative validity of A and B for O3 being less than the relative validity of C and D for O6, the ratings of A and B for O3 were the same as C and D for O6. This failure to observe an outcome relative validity effect was reproduced in Experiment 3, which replicated Experiment 2, but with an adjustment made to the number of training trials given to participants. These results are discussed in terms of a real-time development of the Rescorla-Wagner model provided by Wagner (1981). Journal Article Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 203 107790 Elsevier BV 1074-7427 1095-9564 Associative Learning, Competition, Overshadowing, Relative Validity, Outcome 1 9 2023 2023-09-01 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107790 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107790 COLLEGE NANME Psychology COLLEGE CODE HPS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) ESRC ES/I021108/1 2023-08-07T15:32:46.6866174 2023-06-22T09:17:09.4669504 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Martyn Quigley 1 Mark Haselgrove 2 63683__28109__bde1e4afc36c4479bb0297157cc3f6a7.pdf 63683.pdf 2023-07-12T17:01:23.7445859 Output 2962452 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY 4.0). true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Overshadowing, but not relative validity, between the elements of an outcome during human associative learning
spellingShingle Overshadowing, but not relative validity, between the elements of an outcome during human associative learning
Martyn Quigley
title_short Overshadowing, but not relative validity, between the elements of an outcome during human associative learning
title_full Overshadowing, but not relative validity, between the elements of an outcome during human associative learning
title_fullStr Overshadowing, but not relative validity, between the elements of an outcome during human associative learning
title_full_unstemmed Overshadowing, but not relative validity, between the elements of an outcome during human associative learning
title_sort Overshadowing, but not relative validity, between the elements of an outcome during human associative learning
author_id_str_mv 45ba0b00b12b2a4cd533dcd42f0121d9
author_id_fullname_str_mv 45ba0b00b12b2a4cd533dcd42f0121d9_***_Martyn Quigley
author Martyn Quigley
author2 Martyn Quigley
Mark Haselgrove
format Journal article
container_title Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
container_volume 203
container_start_page 107790
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 1074-7427
1095-9564
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107790
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107790
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description Overshadowing and relative validity constitute two phenomena that inspired the development of the Rescorla-Wagner model in 1972. They demonstrate that cues will interact with one another for an association with the presence or absence of an outcome. Here, three experiments sought to explore whether these two effects extended to outcomes using a food allergist paradigm with human participants. In Experiment 1 (overshadowing) participants received trials in which a cue was followed by a compound of two outcomes (A-O1O2). Test trials revealed that participants learned less about the A-O2 association than they did between a control cue C, which had been paired with O2 in isolation (C-O2) in training – thus demonstrating an outcome overshadowing effect. In Experiment 2 (relative validity) participants received true discrimination trials, in which A was paired with an O1O3 compound and B was paired with an O2O3 compound, and pseudo discrimination trials, in which C and D were paired on 50% of the trials with an O4O6 compound and on the remaining trials with an O5O6 compound. Consequently, O3 is less well predicted by A and B relative to O1 and O2, whereas O6 is equally well predicted by C and D relative to O4 and O5. Despite the relative validity of A and B for O3 being less than the relative validity of C and D for O6, the ratings of A and B for O3 were the same as C and D for O6. This failure to observe an outcome relative validity effect was reproduced in Experiment 3, which replicated Experiment 2, but with an adjustment made to the number of training trials given to participants. These results are discussed in terms of a real-time development of the Rescorla-Wagner model provided by Wagner (1981).
published_date 2023-09-01T15:32:42Z
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