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Visiting nature is associated with lower socioeconomic inequalities in well-being in Wales
Joanne K. Garrett,
Francis M. Rowney,
Mathew P. White,
Rebecca Lovell,
Rich Fry 
,
Ashley Akbari ,
Rebecca Geary,
Ronan Lyons ,
Amy Mizen ,
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen,
Chrissie Parker,
Jiao Song,
Gareth Stratton ,
Daniel Thompson,
Alan Watkins ,
James White,
Susan A. Williams,
Sarah E. Rodgers,
Benedict W. Wheeler
,
Ashley Akbari ,
Rebecca Geary,
Ronan Lyons ,
Amy Mizen ,
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen,
Chrissie Parker,
Jiao Song,
Gareth Stratton ,
Daniel Thompson,
Alan Watkins ,
James White,
Susan A. Williams,
Sarah E. Rodgers,
Benedict W. Wheeler
Scientific Reports, Volume: 13, Issue: 1
Swansea University Authors:
Rich Fry , Ashley Akbari , Ronan Lyons , Amy Mizen , Gareth Stratton , Daniel Thompson, Alan Watkins
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DOI (Published version): 10.1038/s41598-023-35427-7
Abstract
Natural environments can promote well-being through multiple mechanisms. Many studies have investigated relationships between residential green/blue space (GBS) and well-being, fewer explore relationships with actual use of GBS. We used a nationally representative survey, the National Survey for Wal...
| Published in: | Scientific Reports |
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| ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
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Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2023
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| URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa63651 |
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Many studies have investigated relationships between residential green/blue space (GBS) and well-being, fewer explore relationships with actual use of GBS. We used a nationally representative survey, the National Survey for Wales, anonymously linked with spatial GBS data to investigate associations of well-being with both residential GBS and time in nature (N = 7631). Both residential GBS and time spent in nature were associated with subjective well-being. Higher green-ness was associated with lower well-being, counter to hypotheses (predicting the Warwick and Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS): Enhanced vegetation index β = − 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) − 3.63, − 0.05) but time spent in nature was associated with higher well-being (four hours a week in nature vs. none β = 3.57, 95% CI 3.02, 4.13). There was no clear association between nearest GBS proximity and well-being. In support of the equigenesis theory, time spent in nature was associated with smaller socioeconomic inequalities in well-being. The difference in WEMWBS (possible range 14–70) between those who did and did not live in material deprivation was 7.7 points for those spending no time in nature, and less at 4.5 points for those spending time in nature up to 1 h per week. Facilitating access and making it easier for people to spend time in nature may be one way to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in well-being.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Scientific Reports</journal><volume>13</volume><journalNumber>1</journalNumber><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>2045-2322</issnElectronic><keywords>Psychology, Public Health</keywords><publishedDay>15</publishedDay><publishedMonth>6</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2023</publishedYear><publishedDate>2023-06-15</publishedDate><doi>10.1038/s41598-023-35427-7</doi><url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35427-7</url><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Health Data Science</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>HDAT</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>The GBS and Mental Health in Wales cohort was developed as part of independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), project number 16/07/07, and the UK Prevention Research Partnership, GroundsWell (MR/V049704/1). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. Sarah Rodgers is part-funded by the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast. This study was approved by the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Information Governance Review Panel (project 0562) in Wales. All data were anonymised prior to access and analysis. This study makes use of anonymised data held in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. We would like to acknowledge all the data providers who make anonymised data available for research.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-01-08T13:47:21.8524906</lastEdited><Created>2023-06-15T15:29:58.7946923</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Joanne K.</firstname><surname>Garrett</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Francis M.</firstname><surname>Rowney</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Mathew P.</firstname><surname>White</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Rebecca</firstname><surname>Lovell</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Rich</firstname><surname>Fry</surname><orcid>0000-0002-7968-6679</orcid><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Ashley</firstname><surname>Akbari</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0814-0801</orcid><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Rebecca</firstname><surname>Geary</surname><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Ronan</firstname><surname>Lyons</surname><orcid>0000-0001-5225-000X</orcid><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Amy</firstname><surname>Mizen</surname><orcid>0000-0001-7516-6767</orcid><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>Mark</firstname><surname>Nieuwenhuijsen</surname><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Chrissie</firstname><surname>Parker</surname><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>Jiao</firstname><surname>Song</surname><order>12</order></author><author><firstname>Gareth</firstname><surname>Stratton</surname><orcid>0000-0001-5618-0803</orcid><order>13</order></author><author><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Thompson</surname><order>14</order></author><author><firstname>Alan</firstname><surname>Watkins</surname><orcid>0000-0003-3804-1943</orcid><order>15</order></author><author><firstname>James</firstname><surname>White</surname><order>16</order></author><author><firstname>Susan A.</firstname><surname>Williams</surname><order>17</order></author><author><firstname>Sarah E.</firstname><surname>Rodgers</surname><order>18</order></author><author><firstname>Benedict W.</firstname><surname>Wheeler</surname><order>19</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>63651__27861__31c09ae0ad6445928aaf6e4eec784915.pdf</filename><originalFilename>63651.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2023-06-15T15:39:53.1672612</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1565071</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. 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v2 63651 2023-06-15 Visiting nature is associated with lower socioeconomic inequalities in well-being in Wales d499b898d447b62c81b2c122598870e0 0000-0002-7968-6679 Rich Fry Rich Fry true false aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52 0000-0003-0814-0801 Ashley Akbari Ashley Akbari true false 83efcf2a9dfcf8b55586999d3d152ac6 0000-0001-5225-000X Ronan Lyons Ronan Lyons true false 9e9db8229784e27fcd79a14ee097e10b 0000-0001-7516-6767 Amy Mizen Amy Mizen true false 6d62b2ed126961bed81a94a2beba8a01 0000-0001-5618-0803 Gareth Stratton Gareth Stratton true false 6c8a74cee1795e4ee45ee13cf5393186 Daniel Thompson Daniel Thompson true false 81fc05c9333d9df41b041157437bcc2f 0000-0003-3804-1943 Alan Watkins Alan Watkins true false 2023-06-15 HDAT Natural environments can promote well-being through multiple mechanisms. Many studies have investigated relationships between residential green/blue space (GBS) and well-being, fewer explore relationships with actual use of GBS. We used a nationally representative survey, the National Survey for Wales, anonymously linked with spatial GBS data to investigate associations of well-being with both residential GBS and time in nature (N = 7631). Both residential GBS and time spent in nature were associated with subjective well-being. Higher green-ness was associated with lower well-being, counter to hypotheses (predicting the Warwick and Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS): Enhanced vegetation index β = − 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) − 3.63, − 0.05) but time spent in nature was associated with higher well-being (four hours a week in nature vs. none β = 3.57, 95% CI 3.02, 4.13). There was no clear association between nearest GBS proximity and well-being. In support of the equigenesis theory, time spent in nature was associated with smaller socioeconomic inequalities in well-being. The difference in WEMWBS (possible range 14–70) between those who did and did not live in material deprivation was 7.7 points for those spending no time in nature, and less at 4.5 points for those spending time in nature up to 1 h per week. Facilitating access and making it easier for people to spend time in nature may be one way to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in well-being. Journal Article Scientific Reports 13 1 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2045-2322 Psychology, Public Health 15 6 2023 2023-06-15 10.1038/s41598-023-35427-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35427-7 COLLEGE NANME Health Data Science COLLEGE CODE HDAT Swansea University The GBS and Mental Health in Wales cohort was developed as part of independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), project number 16/07/07, and the UK Prevention Research Partnership, GroundsWell (MR/V049704/1). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. Sarah Rodgers is part-funded by the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast. This study was approved by the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Information Governance Review Panel (project 0562) in Wales. All data were anonymised prior to access and analysis. This study makes use of anonymised data held in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. We would like to acknowledge all the data providers who make anonymised data available for research. 2024-01-08T13:47:21.8524906 2023-06-15T15:29:58.7946923 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences Joanne K. Garrett 1 Francis M. Rowney 2 Mathew P. White 3 Rebecca Lovell 4 Rich Fry 0000-0002-7968-6679 5 Ashley Akbari 0000-0003-0814-0801 6 Rebecca Geary 7 Ronan Lyons 0000-0001-5225-000X 8 Amy Mizen 0000-0001-7516-6767 9 Mark Nieuwenhuijsen 10 Chrissie Parker 11 Jiao Song 12 Gareth Stratton 0000-0001-5618-0803 13 Daniel Thompson 14 Alan Watkins 0000-0003-3804-1943 15 James White 16 Susan A. Williams 17 Sarah E. Rodgers 18 Benedict W. Wheeler 19 63651__27861__31c09ae0ad6445928aaf6e4eec784915.pdf 63651.pdf 2023-06-15T15:39:53.1672612 Output 1565071 application/pdf Version of Record true Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 63651__27862__2c658513928043959b3f51345b88b1ca.pdf 63651.pdf 2023-06-15T15:44:55.1497885 Output 1526534 application/pdf Supplemental material true false |
| title |
Visiting nature is associated with lower socioeconomic inequalities in well-being in Wales |
| spellingShingle |
Visiting nature is associated with lower socioeconomic inequalities in well-being in Wales Rich Fry Ashley Akbari Ronan Lyons Amy Mizen Gareth Stratton Daniel Thompson Alan Watkins |
| title_short |
Visiting nature is associated with lower socioeconomic inequalities in well-being in Wales |
| title_full |
Visiting nature is associated with lower socioeconomic inequalities in well-being in Wales |
| title_fullStr |
Visiting nature is associated with lower socioeconomic inequalities in well-being in Wales |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Visiting nature is associated with lower socioeconomic inequalities in well-being in Wales |
| title_sort |
Visiting nature is associated with lower socioeconomic inequalities in well-being in Wales |
| author_id_str_mv |
d499b898d447b62c81b2c122598870e0 aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52 83efcf2a9dfcf8b55586999d3d152ac6 9e9db8229784e27fcd79a14ee097e10b 6d62b2ed126961bed81a94a2beba8a01 6c8a74cee1795e4ee45ee13cf5393186 81fc05c9333d9df41b041157437bcc2f |
| author_id_fullname_str_mv |
d499b898d447b62c81b2c122598870e0_***_Rich Fry aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52_***_Ashley Akbari 83efcf2a9dfcf8b55586999d3d152ac6_***_Ronan Lyons 9e9db8229784e27fcd79a14ee097e10b_***_Amy Mizen 6d62b2ed126961bed81a94a2beba8a01_***_Gareth Stratton 6c8a74cee1795e4ee45ee13cf5393186_***_Daniel Thompson 81fc05c9333d9df41b041157437bcc2f_***_Alan Watkins |
| author |
Rich Fry Ashley Akbari Ronan Lyons Amy Mizen Gareth Stratton Daniel Thompson Alan Watkins |
| author2 |
Joanne K. Garrett Francis M. Rowney Mathew P. White Rebecca Lovell Rich Fry Ashley Akbari Rebecca Geary Ronan Lyons Amy Mizen Mark Nieuwenhuijsen Chrissie Parker Jiao Song Gareth Stratton Daniel Thompson Alan Watkins James White Susan A. Williams Sarah E. Rodgers Benedict W. Wheeler |
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Scientific Reports |
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13 |
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2023 |
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Swansea University |
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2045-2322 |
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10.1038/s41598-023-35427-7 |
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Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
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Faculty of Science and Engineering |
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facultyofscienceandengineering |
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Faculty of Science and Engineering |
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School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35427-7 |
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| description |
Natural environments can promote well-being through multiple mechanisms. Many studies have investigated relationships between residential green/blue space (GBS) and well-being, fewer explore relationships with actual use of GBS. We used a nationally representative survey, the National Survey for Wales, anonymously linked with spatial GBS data to investigate associations of well-being with both residential GBS and time in nature (N = 7631). Both residential GBS and time spent in nature were associated with subjective well-being. Higher green-ness was associated with lower well-being, counter to hypotheses (predicting the Warwick and Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS): Enhanced vegetation index β = − 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) − 3.63, − 0.05) but time spent in nature was associated with higher well-being (four hours a week in nature vs. none β = 3.57, 95% CI 3.02, 4.13). There was no clear association between nearest GBS proximity and well-being. In support of the equigenesis theory, time spent in nature was associated with smaller socioeconomic inequalities in well-being. The difference in WEMWBS (possible range 14–70) between those who did and did not live in material deprivation was 7.7 points for those spending no time in nature, and less at 4.5 points for those spending time in nature up to 1 h per week. Facilitating access and making it easier for people to spend time in nature may be one way to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in well-being. |
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2023-06-15T13:47:23Z |
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11.037581 |