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The safety of at home powdered infant formula preparation: A community science project

Aimee Grant Orcid Logo, Sara Jones Orcid Logo, Vicky Sibson, Rebecca Ellis Orcid Logo, Abbie Dolling, Tara McNamara, Jonie Cooper, Susan Dvorak, Sharon Breward, Phyll Buchanan, Emma Yhnell, Amy Brown Orcid Logo

Maternal & Child Nutrition, Volume: 20, Issue: 1

Swansea University Authors: Aimee Grant Orcid Logo, Sara Jones Orcid Logo, Rebecca Ellis Orcid Logo, Amy Brown Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1111/mcn.13567

Abstract

Formula fed infants experience gastrointestinal infections at higher rates than breastfed infants, due in part to bacteria in powdered infant formula (PIF) and bacterial contamination of infant feeding equipment. The United Kingdom National Health Service (UK NHS) has adopted the World Health Organi...

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Published in: Maternal & Child Nutrition
ISSN: 1740-8695 1740-8709
Published: Wiley 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa63444
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The United Kingdom National Health Service (UK NHS) has adopted the World Health Organization recommendation that water used to reconstitute PIF is ≥70°C to eliminate bacteria. We used community science methods to co-design an at home experiment and online questionnaire (‘research diary’) to explore the safety of PIF preparation compared to UK NHS guidelines. 200 UK-based parents of infants aged ≤12 months were recruited; 151 provided data on PIF preparation, and 143 were included in the analysis of water temperatures used to reconstitute PIF. Only 14.9% (n = 11) of 74 PIF preparation machines produced a water temperature of ≥70°C compared with 78.3% (n = 54) of 69 kettle users (p &lt; 0.001). The mean temperature of water dispensed by PIF preparation machines was 9°C lower than kettles (Machine M = 65.78°C, Kettle M = 75.29°C). Many parents did not always fully follow NHS safer PIF preparation guidance, and parents did not appear to understand the potential risks of PIF bacterial contamination. Parents should be advised that the water dispensed by PIF preparation machines may be below 70°C, and could result in bacteria remaining in infant formula, potentially leading to gastrointestinal infections. PIF labelling should advise that water used to prepare PIF should be ≥70°C and highight the risks of not using sufficiently hot water, per WHO Europe advice. 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spelling v2 63444 2023-05-12 The safety of at home powdered infant formula preparation: A community science project 6a1ce3bc54c692c804e858b70d2e4bd2 0000-0001-7205-5869 Aimee Grant Aimee Grant true false e6ed433db8a59b5e3077e3de5888a98a 0000-0003-2182-6314 Sara Jones Sara Jones true false 8ea1fbb848d05d2f0262c6d03cfc9698 0000-0002-7761-468X Rebecca Ellis Rebecca Ellis true false 37aea6965461cb0510473d109411a0c3 0000-0002-0438-0157 Amy Brown Amy Brown true false 2023-05-12 HSOC Formula fed infants experience gastrointestinal infections at higher rates than breastfed infants, due in part to bacteria in powdered infant formula (PIF) and bacterial contamination of infant feeding equipment. The United Kingdom National Health Service (UK NHS) has adopted the World Health Organization recommendation that water used to reconstitute PIF is ≥70°C to eliminate bacteria. We used community science methods to co-design an at home experiment and online questionnaire (‘research diary’) to explore the safety of PIF preparation compared to UK NHS guidelines. 200 UK-based parents of infants aged ≤12 months were recruited; 151 provided data on PIF preparation, and 143 were included in the analysis of water temperatures used to reconstitute PIF. Only 14.9% (n = 11) of 74 PIF preparation machines produced a water temperature of ≥70°C compared with 78.3% (n = 54) of 69 kettle users (p < 0.001). The mean temperature of water dispensed by PIF preparation machines was 9°C lower than kettles (Machine M = 65.78°C, Kettle M = 75.29°C). Many parents did not always fully follow NHS safer PIF preparation guidance, and parents did not appear to understand the potential risks of PIF bacterial contamination. Parents should be advised that the water dispensed by PIF preparation machines may be below 70°C, and could result in bacteria remaining in infant formula, potentially leading to gastrointestinal infections. PIF labelling should advise that water used to prepare PIF should be ≥70°C and highight the risks of not using sufficiently hot water, per WHO Europe advice. There is an urgent need for stronger consumer protections regarding PIF preparation devices. Journal Article Maternal & Child Nutrition 20 1 Wiley 1740-8695 1740-8709 Breast milk substitutes, child health, food safety, infant feeding, infant formula, PIF, powdered infant formula, public health 1 1 2024 2024-01-01 10.1111/mcn.13567 COLLEGE NANME Health and Social Care School COLLEGE CODE HSOC Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) United Kingdom Research and Innovation and the Food Standards Agency (Grant Number: BB/W009188/1). 2024-09-17T14:32:48.1744689 2023-05-12T11:55:44.2118518 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Health and Social Care - Public Health Aimee Grant 0000-0001-7205-5869 1 Sara Jones 0000-0003-2182-6314 2 Vicky Sibson 3 Rebecca Ellis 0000-0002-7761-468X 4 Abbie Dolling 5 Tara McNamara 6 Jonie Cooper 7 Susan Dvorak 8 Sharon Breward 9 Phyll Buchanan 10 Emma Yhnell 11 Amy Brown 0000-0002-0438-0157 12 63444__28882__7b720688ca6d4afd9f10f5e43263917c.pdf 63444.VOR.pdf 2023-10-26T14:34:09.9042007 Output 1164908 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2023 The Authors. Maternal & Child Nutrition published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY 4.0). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title The safety of at home powdered infant formula preparation: A community science project
spellingShingle The safety of at home powdered infant formula preparation: A community science project
Aimee Grant
Sara Jones
Rebecca Ellis
Amy Brown
title_short The safety of at home powdered infant formula preparation: A community science project
title_full The safety of at home powdered infant formula preparation: A community science project
title_fullStr The safety of at home powdered infant formula preparation: A community science project
title_full_unstemmed The safety of at home powdered infant formula preparation: A community science project
title_sort The safety of at home powdered infant formula preparation: A community science project
author_id_str_mv 6a1ce3bc54c692c804e858b70d2e4bd2
e6ed433db8a59b5e3077e3de5888a98a
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37aea6965461cb0510473d109411a0c3
author_id_fullname_str_mv 6a1ce3bc54c692c804e858b70d2e4bd2_***_Aimee Grant
e6ed433db8a59b5e3077e3de5888a98a_***_Sara Jones
8ea1fbb848d05d2f0262c6d03cfc9698_***_Rebecca Ellis
37aea6965461cb0510473d109411a0c3_***_Amy Brown
author Aimee Grant
Sara Jones
Rebecca Ellis
Amy Brown
author2 Aimee Grant
Sara Jones
Vicky Sibson
Rebecca Ellis
Abbie Dolling
Tara McNamara
Jonie Cooper
Susan Dvorak
Sharon Breward
Phyll Buchanan
Emma Yhnell
Amy Brown
format Journal article
container_title Maternal & Child Nutrition
container_volume 20
container_issue 1
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 1740-8695
1740-8709
doi_str_mv 10.1111/mcn.13567
publisher Wiley
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Health and Social Care - Public Health{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Health and Social Care - Public Health
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Formula fed infants experience gastrointestinal infections at higher rates than breastfed infants, due in part to bacteria in powdered infant formula (PIF) and bacterial contamination of infant feeding equipment. The United Kingdom National Health Service (UK NHS) has adopted the World Health Organization recommendation that water used to reconstitute PIF is ≥70°C to eliminate bacteria. We used community science methods to co-design an at home experiment and online questionnaire (‘research diary’) to explore the safety of PIF preparation compared to UK NHS guidelines. 200 UK-based parents of infants aged ≤12 months were recruited; 151 provided data on PIF preparation, and 143 were included in the analysis of water temperatures used to reconstitute PIF. Only 14.9% (n = 11) of 74 PIF preparation machines produced a water temperature of ≥70°C compared with 78.3% (n = 54) of 69 kettle users (p < 0.001). The mean temperature of water dispensed by PIF preparation machines was 9°C lower than kettles (Machine M = 65.78°C, Kettle M = 75.29°C). Many parents did not always fully follow NHS safer PIF preparation guidance, and parents did not appear to understand the potential risks of PIF bacterial contamination. Parents should be advised that the water dispensed by PIF preparation machines may be below 70°C, and could result in bacteria remaining in infant formula, potentially leading to gastrointestinal infections. PIF labelling should advise that water used to prepare PIF should be ≥70°C and highight the risks of not using sufficiently hot water, per WHO Europe advice. There is an urgent need for stronger consumer protections regarding PIF preparation devices.
published_date 2024-01-01T14:32:46Z
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