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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Anu Mishra, Bin Zhou, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Honor Bixby, Rosie K. Singleton, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Kate E. Sheffer, Christopher J. Paciorek, James E. Bennett, Victor Lhoste, Maria L. C. Iurilli, Mariachiara Di Cesare, James Bentham, Nowell H. Phelps, Marisa K. Sophiea, Gretchen A. Stevens, Goodarz Danaei, Melanie J. Cowan, Stefan Savin, Leanne M. Riley, Edward W. Gregg, Wichai Aekplakorn, Noor Ani Ahmad, Jennifer L. Baker, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Farshad Farzadfar, Günther Fink, Mirjam Heinen, Nayu Ikeda, Andre P. Kengne, Young-Ho Khang, Tiina Laatikainen, Avula Laxmaiah, Jun Ma, Michele Monroy-Valle, Malay K. Mridha, Cristina P. Padez, Andrew Reynolds, Maroje Sorić, Gregor Starc, James P. Wirth, Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Ziad A. Abdeen, Shynar Abdrakhmanova, Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar, Hanan F. Abdul Rahim, Zulfiya Abdurrahmonova, Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh, Jamila Abubakar Garba, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Ishag Adam, Marzena Adamczyk, Robert J. Adams, Seth Adu-Afarwuah, Kaosar Afsana, Shoaib Afzal, Valirie N. Agbor, Imelda A. Agdeppa, Javad Aghazadeh-Attari, Hassan Aguenaou, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Charles Agyemang, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Naser Ahmadi, Nastaran Ahmadi, Imran Ahmed, Soheir H. Ahmed, Wolfgang Ahrens, Gulmira Aitmurzaeva, Kamel Ajlouni, Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa, Badreya Al-Lahou, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Huda M. Al Hourani, Nawal M. Al Qaoud, Monira Alarouj, Fadia AlBuhairan, Shahla AlDhukair, Maryam A. Aldwairji, Sylvia Alexius, Mohamed M. Ali, Abdullah Alkandari, Ala’a Alkerwi, Buthaina M. Alkhatib, Kristine Allin, Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol, Eman Aly, Deepak N. Amarapurkar, Pilar Amiano Etxezarreta, John Amoah, Norbert Amougou, Philippe Amouyel, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Odysseas Androutsos, Lars Ängquist, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Elena Anufrieva, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Joana Araújo, Inger Ariansen, Tahir Aris, Raphael E. Arku, Nimmathota Arlappa, Krishna K. Aryal, Nega Aseffa, Thor Aspelund, Felix K. Assah, Batyrbek Assembekov, Maria Cecília F. Assunção, May Soe Aung, Juha Auvinen, Mária Avdičová, Shina Avi, Ana Azevedo, Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad, Fereidoun Azizi, Mehrdad Azmin, Bontha V. Babu, Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen, Azli Baharudin, Suhad Bahijri, Marta Bakacs, Nagalla Balakrishna, Yulia Balanova, Mohamed Bamoshmoosh, Maciej Banach, José R. Banegas, Joanna Baran, Rafał Baran, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Valter Barbosa Filho, Alberto Barceló, Maja Baretić, Amina Barkat, Joaquin Barnoya, Lena Barrera, Marta Barreto, Aluisio J. D. Barros, Mauro Virgílio Gomes Barros, Anna Bartosiewicz, Abdul Basit, Joao Luiz D. Bastos, Iqbal Bata, Anwar M. Batieha, Aline P. Batista, Rosangela L. Batista, Zhamilya Battakova, Louise A. Baur, Pascal M. Bayauli, Robert Beaglehole, Silvia Bel-Serrat, Antonisamy Belavendra, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Judith Benedics, Mikhail Benet, Gilda Estela Benitez Rolandi, Elling Bere, Ingunn Holden Bergh, Yemane Berhane, Salim Berkinbayev, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Gailute Bernotiene, Ximena Berrios Carrasola, Heloísa Bettiol, Manfred E. Beutel, Augustin F. Beybey, Jorge Bezerra, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Sumit Bharadwaj, Santosh K. Bhargava, Hongsheng Bi, Yufang Bi, Daniel Bia, Katia Biasch, Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Bihungum Bista, Dusko J. Bjelica, Anne A. Bjerregaard, Peter Bjerregaard, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Bjertness, Cecilia Björkelund, Katia V. Bloch, Anneke Blokstra, Moran Blychfeld Magnazu, Simona Bo, Martin Bobak, Lynne M. Boddy, Bernhard O. Boehm, Jolanda M. A. Boer, Jose G. Boggia, Elena Bogova, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Stig E. Bojesen, Marialaura Bonaccio, Vanina Bongard, Alice Bonilla-Vargas, Matthias Bopp, Herman Borghs, Pascal Bovet, Khadichamo Boymatova, Lien Braeckevelt, Lutgart Braeckman, Marjolijn C. E. Bragt, Imperia Brajkovich, Francesco Branca, Juergen Breckenkamp, João Breda, Hermann Brenner, Lizzy M. Brewster, Garry R. Brian, Yajaira Briceño, Lacramioara Brinduse, Miguel Brito, Sinead Brophy, Johannes Brug, Graziella Bruno, Anna Bugge, Frank Buntinx, Marta Buoncristiano, Genc Burazeri, Con Burns, Antonio Cabrera de León, Joseph Cacciottolo, Hui Cai, Roberta B. Caixeta, Tilema Cama, Christine Cameron, José Camolas, Günay Can, Ana Paula C. Cândido, Felicia Cañete, Mario V. Capanzana, Naděžda Čapková, Eduardo Capuano, Rocco Capuano, Vincenzo Capuano, Marloes Cardol, Viviane C. Cardoso, Axel C. Carlsson, Esteban Carmuega, Joana Carvalho, José A. Casajús, Felipe F. Casanueva, Maribel Casas, Ertugrul Celikcan, Laura Censi, Marvin Cervantes‐Loaiza, Juraci A. Cesar, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Angelique Chan, Queenie Chan, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Nish Chaturvedi, Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim, Miao Li Chee, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Chen, Ching-Yu Cheng, Yiling J. Cheng, Bahman Cheraghian, Angela Chetrit, Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener, Mai J. M. Chinapaw, Anne Chinnock, Arnaud Chiolero, Shu-Ti Chiou, María-Dolores Chirlaque, Belong Cho, Kaare Christensen, Diego G. Christofaro, Jerzy Chudek, Renata Cifkova, Michelle Cilia, Eliza Cinteza, Massimo Cirillo, Frank Claessens, Janine Clarke, Els Clays, Emmanuel Cohen, Laura-María Compañ-Gabucio, Hans Concin, Susana C. Confortin, Cyrus Cooper, Tara C. Coppinger, Eva Corpeleijn, Lilia Yadira Cortés, Simona Costanzo, Dominique Cottel, Chris Cowell, Cora L. Craig, Amelia C. Crampin, Amanda J. Cross, Ana B. Crujeiras, Juan J. Cruz, Tamás Csányi, Semánová Csilla, Alexandra M. Cucu, Liufu Cui, Felipe V. Cureau, Sarah Cuschieri, Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska, Graziella D’Arrigo, Eleonora d’Orsi, Liliana Dacica, Jean Dallongeville, Albertino Damasceno, Camilla T. Damsgaard, Rachel Dankner, Thomas M. Dantoft, Parasmani Dasgupta, Saeed Dastgiri, Luc Dauchet, Kairat Davletov, Maria Alice Altenburg de Assis, Guy De Backer, Dirk De Bacquer, Amalia De Curtis, Patrícia de Fragas Hinnig, Giovanni de Gaetano, Stefaan De Henauw, Pilar De Miguel-Etayo, Paula Duarte de Oliveira, David De Ridder, Karin De Ridder, Susanne R. de Rooij, Delphine De Smedt, Mohan Deepa, Alexander D. Deev, Vincent DeGennaro, Hélène Delisle, Francis Delpeuch, Stefaan Demarest, Elaine Dennison, Katarzyna Dereń, Valérie Deschamps, Meghnath Dhimal, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, María Elena Díaz-Sánchez, Alejandro Diaz, Pedro Díaz Fernández, María Pilar Díez Ripollés, Zivka Dika, Shirin Djalalinia, Visnja Djordjic, Ha T. P. Do, Annette J. Dobson, Liria Dominguez, Maria Benedetta Donati, Chiara Donfrancesco, Guanghui Dong, Yanhui Dong, Silvana P. Donoso, Angela Döring, Maria Dorobantu, Ahmad Reza Dorosty, Kouamelan Doua, Nico Dragano, Wojciech Drygas, Jia Li Duan, Charmaine A. Duante, Priscilla Duboz, Vesselka L. Duleva, Virginija Dulskiene, Samuel C. Dumith, Anar Dushpanova, Azhar Dyussupova, Vilnis Dzerve, Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Guadalupe Echeverría, Ricky Eddie, Ebrahim Eftekhar, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Robert Eggertsen, Sareh Eghtesad, Gabriele Eiben, Ulf Ekelund, Mohammad El-Khateeb, Laila El Ammari, Jalila El Ati, Denise Eldemire-Shearer, Marie Eliasen, Paul Elliott, Ronit Endevelt, Reina Engle-Stone, Rajiv T. Erasmus, Raimund Erbel, Cihangir Erem, Gul Ergor, Louise Eriksen, Johan G. Eriksson, Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña, Saeid Eslami, Ali Esmaeili, Alun Evans, David Faeh, Ildar Fakhradiyev, Albina A. Fakhretdinova, Caroline H. Fall, Elnaz Faramarzi, Mojtaba Farjam, Victoria Farrugia Sant’Angelo, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Asher Fawwad, Wafaie W. Fawzi, Edit Feigl, Francisco J. Felix-Redondo, Trevor S. Ferguson, Romulo A. Fernandes, Daniel Fernández-Bergés, Daniel Ferrante, Thomas Ferrao, Gerson Ferrari, Marika Ferrari, Marco M. Ferrario, Catterina Ferreccio, Haroldo S. Ferreira, Eldridge Ferrer, Jean Ferrieres, Thamara Hubler Figueiró, Anna Fijalkowska, Mauro Fisberg, Krista Fischer, Leng Huat Foo, Maria Forsner, Heba M. Fouad, Damian K. Francis, Maria do Carmo Franco, Zlatko Fras, Guillermo Frontera, Flavio D. Fuchs, Sandra C. Fuchs, Isti I. Fujiati, Yuki Fujita, Matsuda Fumihiko, Viktoriya Furdela, Takuro Furusawa, Zbigniew Gaciong, Mihai Gafencu, Manuel Galán Cuesta, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Henrike Galenkamp, Daniela Galeone, Myriam Galfo, Fabio Galvano, Jingli Gao, Pei Gao, Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera, María José García Mérida, Marta García Solano, Dickman Gareta, Sarah P. Garnett, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Magda Gasull, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya, Anelise Reis Gaya, Andrea Gazzinelli, Ulrike Gehring, Harald Geiger, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Ronnie George, Ebrahim Ghaderi, Ali Ghanbari, Erfan Ghasemi, Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea, Alessandro Gialluisi, Simona Giampaoli, Francesco Gianfagna, Christian Gieger, Tiffany K. Gill, Jonathan Giovannelli, Glen Gironella, Aleksander Giwercman, Konstantinos Gkiouras, Natalya Glushkova, Natalja Gluškova, Ramesh Godara, Justyna Godos, Sibel Gogen, Marcel Goldberg, David Goltzman, Georgina Gómez, Jesús Humberto Gómez Gómez, Luis F. Gomez, Santiago F. Gómez, Aleksandra Gomula, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Helen Gonçalves, Mauer Gonçalves, Ana D. González-Alvarez, David A. Gonzalez-Chica, Esther M. González-Gil, Marcela Gonzalez-Gross, Margot González-Leon, Juan P. González-Rivas, Clicerio González-Villalpando, María-Elena González-Villalpando, Angel R. Gonzalez, Frederic Gottrand, Antonio Pedro Graça, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Dušan Grafnetter, Aneta Grajda, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Ronald D. Gregor, Maria João Gregório, Else Karin Grøholt, Anders Grøntved, Giuseppe Grosso, Gabriella Gruden, Dongfeng Gu, Viviana Guajardo, Emanuela Gualdi-Russo, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Andrea Gualtieri, Elias F. Gudmundsson, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ramiro Guerrero, Idris Guessous, Andre L. Guimaraes, Martin C. Gulliford, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Marc J. Gunter, Xiu-Hua Guo, Yin Guo, Prakash C. Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Oye Gureje, Enrique Gutiérrez González, Laura Gutierrez, Felix Gutzwiller, Xinyi Gwee, Seongjun Ha, Farzad Hadaegh, Charalambos A. Hadjigeorgiou, Rosa Haghshenas, Hamid Hakimi, Jytte Halkjær, Ian R. Hambleton, Behrooz Hamzeh, Willem A. Hanekom, Dominique Hange, Abu A. M. Hanif, Sari Hantunen, Jie Hao, Carla Menêses Hardman, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Tina Harmer Lassen, Javad Harooni, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri, Maria Hassapidou, Jun Hata, Teresa Haugsgjerd, Alison J. Hayes, Jiang He, Yuan He, Yuna He, Regina Heidinger-Felső, Margit Heier, Tatjana Hejgaard, Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks, Rafael dos Santos Henrique, Ana Henriques, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Sauli Herrala, Marianella Herrera-Cuenca, Victor M. Herrera, Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Ramin Heshmat, Allan G. Hill, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Ho, Michael Hobbs, Doroteia A. Höfelmann, Michelle Holdsworth, Reza Homayounfar, Clara Homs, Wilma M. Hopman, Andrea R. V. R. Horimoto, Claudia M. Hormiga, Bernardo L. Horta, Leila Houti, Christina Howitt, Thein Thein Htay, Aung Soe Htet, Maung Maung Than Htike, Yonghua Hu, José María Huerta, Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi, Laetitia Huiart, Constanta Huidumac Petrescu, Martijn Huisman, Abdullatif Husseini, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Inge Huybrechts, Nahla Hwalla, Jolanda Hyska, Licia Iacoviello, Ellina M. Iakupova, Jesús M. Ibarluzea, Mohsen M. Ibrahim, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, M. Arfan Ikram, Carmen Iñiguez, Violeta Iotova, Vilma E. Irazola, Takafumi Ishida, Godsent C. Isiguzo, Muhammad Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Duygu Islek, Ivaila Y. Ivanova-Pandourska, Masanori Iwasaki, Tuija Jääskeläinen, Rod T. Jackson, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Michel Jadoul, Tazeen Jafar, Bakary Jallow, Kenneth James, Kazi M. Jamil, Konrad Jamrozik, Anna Jansson, Imre Janszky, Edward Janus, Juel Jarani, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Grazyna Jasienska, Ana Jelaković, Bojan Jelaković, Garry Jennings, Chao Qiang Jiang, Ramon O. Jimenez, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Michel Joffres, Jari J. Jokelainen, Jost B. Jonas, Jitendra Jonnagaddala, Torben Jørgensen, Pradeep Joshi, Josipa Josipović, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek J. Jóźwiak, Debra S. Judge, Anne Juolevi, Gregor Jurak, Iulia Jurca Simina, Vesna Juresa, Rudolf Kaaks, Felix O. Kaducu, Anthony Kafatos, Mónika Kaj, Eero O. Kajantie, Natia Kakutia, Daniela Kállayová, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Yves Kameli, Freja B. Kampmann, Kodanda R. Kanala, Srinivasan Kannan, Efthymios Kapantais, Eva Karaglani, Argyro Karakosta, Line L. Kårhus, Khem B. Karki, Philippe B. Katchunga, Marzieh Katibeh, Joanne Katz, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Jussi Kauhanen, Prabhdeep Kaur, Maryam Kavousi, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, François F. Kaze, Calvin Ke, Ulrich Keil, Lital Keinan Boker, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Roya Kelishadi, Cecily Kelleher, Han C. G. Kemper, Maryam Keramati, Alina Kerimkulova, Mathilde Kersting, Timothy Key, Yousef Saleh Khader, Arsalan Khaledifar, Davood Khalili, Kay-Tee Khaw, Bahareh Kheiri, Motahareh Kheradmand, Alireza Khosravi, Ilse M. S. L. Khouw, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Sophia J. Kiechl, Stefan Kiechl, Japhet Killewo, Hyeon Chang Kim, Jeongseon Kim, Jenny M. Kindblom, Andrew Kingston, Heidi Klakk, Magdalena Klimek, Jeannette Klimont, Jurate Klumbiene, Michael Knoflach, Bhawesh Koirala, Elin Kolle, Patrick Kolsteren, Jürgen König, Raija Korpelainen, Paul Korrovits, Magdalena Korzycka, Jelena Kos, Seppo Koskinen, Katsuyasu Kouda, Éva Kovács, Viktoria Anna Kovacs, Irina Kovalskys, Sudhir Kowlessur, Slawomir Koziel, Jana Kratenova, Wolfgang Kratzer, Vilma Kriaucioniene, Susi Kriemler, Peter Lund Kristensen, Helena Krizan, Maria F. Kroker-Lobos, Steinar Krokstad, Daan Kromhout, Herculina S. Kruger, Ruan Kruger, Łukasz Kryst, Ruzena Kubinova, Renata Kuciene, Urho M. Kujala, Enisa Kujundzic, Zbigniew Kulaga, Mukhtar Kulimbet, R. Krishna Kumar, Marie Kunešová, Pawel Kurjata, Yadlapalli S. Kusuma, Vladimir Kutsenko, Kari Kuulasmaa, Catherine Kyobutungi, Quang Ngoc La, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Carl Lachat, Karl J. Lackner, Youcef Laid, Lachmie Lall, Tai Hing Lam, Maritza Landaeta Jimenez, Edwige Landais, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Bagher Larijani, Simo Pone Larissa, Tint Swe Latt, Martino Laurenzi, Laura Lauria, Maria Lazo-Porras, Gwenaëlle Le Coroller, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Agnès Le Port, Tuyen D. Le, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Paul H. Lee, Nils Lehmann, Terho Lehtimäki, Daniel Lemogoum, Branimir Leskošek, Justyna Leszczak, Katja B. Leth-Møller, Gabriel M. Leung, Naomi S. Levitt, Yanping Li, Merike Liivak, Christa L. Lilly, Charlie Lim, Wei-Yen Lim, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lin, Yi-Ting Lin, Lars Lind, Vijaya Lingam, Birgit Linkohr, Allan Linneberg, Lauren Lissner, Mieczyslaw Litwin, Jing Liu, Lijuan Liu, Wei-Cheng Lo, Helle-Mai Loit, Khuong Quynh Long, Guadalupe Longo Abril, Luis Lopes, Marcus V. V. Lopes, Oscar Lopes, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Tania Lopez, Paulo A. Lotufo, José Eugenio Lozano, Janice L. Lukrafka, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Nuno Lunet, Charles Lunogelo, Michala Lustigová, Edyta Łuszczki, Jean-René M’Buyamba-Kabangu, Guansheng Ma, Xu Ma, George L. L. Machado-Coelho, Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues, Enguerran Macia, Luisa M. Macieira, Ahmed A. Madar, Anja L. Madsen, Gladys E. Maestre, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J. Magliano, Sara Magnacca, Emmanuella Magriplis, Gowri Mahasampath, Bernard Maire, Marjeta Majer, Marcia Makdisse, Päivi Mäki, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Reza Malekzadeh, Rahul Malhotra, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Sofia K. Malyutina, Lynell V. Maniego, Yannis Manios, Masimango Imani Manix, Jim I. Mann, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Taru Manyanga, Enzo Manzato, Anie Marcil, Paula Margozzini, Joany Mariño, Anastasia Markaki, Oonagh Markey, Eliza Markidou Ioannidou, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Larissa Pruner Marques, Jaume Marrugat, Yves Martin-Prevel, Rosemarie Martin, Reynaldo Martorell, Eva Martos, Katharina Maruszczak, Stefano Marventano, Giovanna Masala, Luis P. Mascarenhas, Shariq R. Masoodi, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Prashant Mathur, Alicia Matijasevich, Piotr Matłosz, Tandi E. Matsha, Victor Matsudo, Christina Mavrogianni, Artur Mazur, Jean Claude N. Mbanya, Shelly R. McFarlane, Stephen T. McGarvey, Martin McKee, Stela McLachlan, Rachael M. McLean, Scott B. McLean, Margaret L. McNairy, Breige A. McNulty, Sounnia Mediene Benchekor, Jurate Medzioniene, Parinaz Mehdipour, Kirsten Mehlig, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Aline Meirhaeghe, Jørgen Meisfjord, Christa Meisinger, Jesus D. Melgarejo, Marina Melkumova, João Mello, Fabián Méndez, Carlos O. Mendivil, Ana Maria B. Menezes, Geetha R. Menon, Gert B. M. Mensink, Maria Teresa Menzano, Indrapal I. Meshram, Diane T. Meto, Jie Mi, Kim F. Michaelsen, Nathalie Michels, Kairit Mikkel, Karolina Miłkowska, Jody C. Miller, Olga Milushkina, Cláudia S. Minderico, G. K. Mini, Juan Francisco Miquel, J. Jaime Miranda, Mohammad Reza Mirjalili, Daphne Mirkopoulou, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković, Antonio Mistretta, Veronica Mocanu, Pietro A. Modesti, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Bahram Mohajer, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Shukri F. Mohamed, Kazem Mohammad, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Zahra Mohammadi, Noushin Mohammadifard, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Viswanathan Mohan, Salim Mohanna, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Iraj Mohebbi, Farnam Mohebi, Marie Moitry, Line T. Møllehave, Niels C. Møller, Dénes Molnár, Amirabbas Momenan, Charles K. Mondo, Roger A. Montenegro Mendoza, Eric Monterrubio-Flores, Kotsedi Daniel K. Monyeki, Jin Soo Moon, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Hermine T. Mopa, Farhad Moradpour, Leila B. Moreira, Alain Morejon, Luis A. Moreno, Francis Morey, Karen Morgan, Suzanne N. Morin, Erik Lykke Mortensen, George Moschonis, Alireza Moslem, Malgorzata Mossakowska, Aya Mostafa, Seyed-Ali Mostafavi, Anabela Mota-Pinto, Jorge Mota, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Jorge Motta, Marcos André Moura-dos-Santos, Yeva Movsesyan, Kelias P. Msyamboza, Thet Thet Mu, Magdalena Muc, Florian Muca, Boban Mugoša, Maria L. Muiesan, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Thomas Münzel, Jaakko Mursu, Elaine M. Murtagh, Kamarul Imran Musa, Sanja Musić Milanović, Vera Musil, Geofrey Musinguzi, Muel Telo M. C. Muyer, Iraj Nabipour, Shohreh Naderimagham, Gabriele Nagel, Farid Najafi, Harunobu Nakamura, Hanna Nalecz, Jana Námešná, Ei Ei K. Nang, Vinay B. Nangia, Martin Nankap, Sameer Narake, Paola Nardone, Take Naseri, Matthias Nauck, William A. Neal, Azim Nejatizadeh, Chandini Nekkantti, Keiu Nelis, Ilona Nenko, Martin Neovius, Flavio Nervi, Tze Pin Ng, Chung T. Nguyen, Nguyen D. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Michael Y. Ni, Rodica Nicolescu, Peng Nie, Ramfis E. Nieto-Martínez, Yury P. Nikitin, Guang Ning, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Nobuo Nishi, Sania Nishtar, Marianna Noale, Oscar A. Noboa, Helena Nogueira, Maria Nordendahl, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Davide Noto, Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska, Mohannad Al Nsour, Irfan Nuhoğlu, Baltazar Nunes, Eha Nurk, Fred Nuwaha, Moffat Nyirenda, Terence W. O’Neill, Dermot O’Reilly, Galina Obreja, Caleb Ochimana, Angélica M. Ochoa-Avilés, Eiji Oda, Augustine N. Odili, Kyungwon Oh, Kumiko Ohara, Claes Ohlsson, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Örn Olafsson, Maria Teresa A. Olinto, Isabel O. Oliveira, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Saeed M. Omar, Altan Onat, Sok King Ong, N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, Lariane M. Ono, Pedro Ordunez, Rui Ornelas, Ana P. Ortiz, Pedro J. Ortiz, Merete Osler, Clive Osmond, Sergej M. Ostojic, Afshin Ostovar, Johanna A. Otero, Kim Overvad, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Fred Michel Paccaud, Ioannis Pagkalos, Elena Pahomova, Karina Mary de Paiva, Andrzej Pająk, Alberto Palloni, Luigi Palmieri, Wen-Harn Pan, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Arvind Pandey, Francesco Panza, Mariela Paoli, Sousana K. Papadopoulou, Dimitrios Papandreou, Rossina G. Pareja, Soon-Woo Park, Suyeon Park, Winsome R. Parnell, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Ionela M. Pascanu, Patrick Pasquet, Nikhil D. Patel, Marcos Pattussi, Halyna Pavlyshyn, Raimund Pechlaner, Ivan Pećin, Mangesh S. Pednekar, João M. Pedro, Nasheeta Peer, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Markku Peltonen, Alexandre C. Pereira, Marco A. Peres, Cynthia M. Pérez, Valentina Peterkova, Annette Peters, Astrid Petersmann, Janina Petkeviciene, Ausra Petrauskiene, Olga Petrovna Kovtun, Emanuela Pettenuzzo, Niloofar Peykari, Norbert Pfeiffer, Modou Cheyassin Phall, Son Thai Pham, Rafael N. Pichardo, Daniela Pierannunzio, Iris Pigeot, Hynek Pikhart, Aida Pilav, Lorenza Pilotto, Francesco Pistelli, Freda Pitakaka, Aleksandra Piwonska, Andreia N. Pizarro, Pedro Plans-Rubió, Alina G. Platonova, Bee Koon Poh, Hermann Pohlabeln, Nadija S. Polka, Raluca M. Pop, Stevo R. Popovic, Miquel Porta, Georg Posch, Anil Poudyal, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Hamed Pouraram, Farhad Pourfarzi, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Rajendra Pradeepa, Alison J. Price, Jacqueline F. Price, Antonio Prista, Rui Providencia, Jardena J. Puder, Iveta Pudule, Maria Puiu, Margus Punab, Muhammed S. Qadir, Radwan F. Qasrawi, Mostafa Qorbani, Hedley K. Quintana, Pedro J. Quiroga-Padilla, Tran Quoc Bao, Stefan Rach, Ivana Radic, Ricardas Radisauskas, Salar Rahimikazerooni, Mahfuzar Rahman, Mahmudur Rahman, Olli Raitakari, Manu Raj, Tamerlan Rajabov, Sherali Rakhmatulloev, Ivo Rakovac, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Ambady Ramachandran, Otim P. C. Ramadan, Virgílio V. 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Goya Wannamethee, Nicholas Wareham, Adelheid Weber, Karen Webster-Kerr, Niels Wedderkopp, Daniel Weghuber, Wenbin Wei, Aneta Weres, Bo Werner, Leo D. Westbury, Peter H. Whincup, Kremlin Wickramasinghe, Kurt Widhalm, Indah S. Widyahening, Andrzej Więcek, Philipp S. Wild, Rainford J. Wilks, Johann Willeit, Peter Willeit, Julianne Williams, Tom Wilsgaard, Rusek Wojciech, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Kathrin Wolf, Roy A. Wong-McClure, Andrew Wong, Emily B. Wong, Jyh Eiin Wong, Tien Yin Wong, Jean Woo, Mark Woodward, Frederick C. Wu, Hon-Yen Wu, Jianfeng Wu, Li Juan Wu, Shouling Wu, Justyna Wyszyńska, Haiquan Xu, Liang Xu, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Uruwan Yamborisut, Weili Yan, Ling Yang, Xiaoguang Yang, Yang Yang, Nazan Yardim, Tabara Yasuharu, Martha Yépez García, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Agneta Yngve, Moein Yoosefi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Qi Sheng You, San-Lin You, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Yu-Ling Yu, Yunjiang Yu, Safiah Md Yusof, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Luciana Zaccagni, Vassilis Zafiropulos, Ahmad A. Zainuddin, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Farhad Zamani, Sabina Zambon, Antonis Zampelas, Hana Zamrazilová, Maria Elisa Zapata, Abdul Hamid Zargar, Ko Ko Zaw, Ayman A. Zayed, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Magdalena Żegleń, Kristyna Zejglicova, Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic, Yi Zeng, Luxia Zhang, Zhen-Yu Zhang, Dong Zhao, Ming-Hui Zhao, Wenhua Zhao, Yanitsa V. Zhecheva, Shiqi Zhen, Wei Zheng, Yingfeng Zheng, Bekbolat Zholdin, Maigeng Zhou, Dan Zhu, Marie Zins, Emanuel Zitt, Yanina Zocalo, Nada Zoghlami, Julio Zuñiga Cisneros, Monika Zuziak, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Robert E. Black, Majid Ezzati Orcid Logo

Nature, Volume: 615, Issue: 7954, Pages: 874 - 883

Swansea University Author: Gareth Stratton Orcid Logo

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Abstract

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1,2,3,4,5,6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children...

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Published in: Nature
ISSN: 0028-0836 1476-4687
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa63053
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><rfc1807 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>63053</id><entry>2023-03-31</entry><title>Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>6d62b2ed126961bed81a94a2beba8a01</sid><ORCID>0000-0001-5618-0803</ORCID><firstname>Gareth</firstname><surname>Stratton</surname><name>Gareth Stratton</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2023-03-31</date><deptcode>STSC</deptcode><abstract>Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1,2,3,4,5,6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was &lt;1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Nature</journal><volume>615</volume><journalNumber>7954</journalNumber><paginationStart>874</paginationStart><paginationEnd>883</paginationEnd><publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0028-0836</issnPrint><issnElectronic>1476-4687</issnElectronic><keywords>Developing world, Nutrition, Paediatric research, Public health</keywords><publishedDay>30</publishedDay><publishedMonth>3</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2023</publishedYear><publishedDate>2023-03-30</publishedDate><doi>10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8</doi><url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8</url><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Sport and Exercise Sciences</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>STSC</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders/><projectreference/><lastEdited>2023-04-25T11:36:21.2924659</lastEdited><Created>2023-03-31T11:08:47.9786061</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Anu</firstname><surname>Mishra</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Bin</firstname><surname>Zhou</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Andrea</firstname><surname>Rodriguez-Martinez</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Honor</firstname><surname>Bixby</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Rosie K.</firstname><surname>Singleton</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Rodrigo M.</firstname><surname>Carrillo-Larco</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Kate E.</firstname><surname>Sheffer</surname><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Christopher J.</firstname><surname>Paciorek</surname><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>James E.</firstname><surname>Bennett</surname><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>Victor</firstname><surname>Lhoste</surname><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Maria L. C.</firstname><surname>Iurilli</surname><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>Mariachiara Di</firstname><surname>Cesare</surname><order>12</order></author><author><firstname>James</firstname><surname>Bentham</surname><order>13</order></author><author><firstname>Nowell H.</firstname><surname>Phelps</surname><order>14</order></author><author><firstname>Marisa K.</firstname><surname>Sophiea</surname><order>15</order></author><author><firstname>Gretchen A.</firstname><surname>Stevens</surname><order>16</order></author><author><firstname>Goodarz</firstname><surname>Danaei</surname><order>17</order></author><author><firstname>Melanie J.</firstname><surname>Cowan</surname><order>18</order></author><author><firstname>Stefan</firstname><surname>Savin</surname><order>19</order></author><author><firstname>Leanne M.</firstname><surname>Riley</surname><order>20</order></author><author><firstname>Edward W.</firstname><surname>Gregg</surname><order>21</order></author><author><firstname>Wichai</firstname><surname>Aekplakorn</surname><order>22</order></author><author><firstname>Noor Ani</firstname><surname>Ahmad</surname><order>23</order></author><author><firstname>Jennifer L.</firstname><surname>Baker</surname><order>24</order></author><author><firstname>Adela</firstname><surname>Chirita-Emandi</surname><order>25</order></author><author><firstname>Farshad</firstname><surname>Farzadfar</surname><order>26</order></author><author><firstname>Günther</firstname><surname>Fink</surname><order>27</order></author><author><firstname>Mirjam</firstname><surname>Heinen</surname><order>28</order></author><author><firstname>Nayu</firstname><surname>Ikeda</surname><order>29</order></author><author><firstname>Andre P.</firstname><surname>Kengne</surname><order>30</order></author><author><firstname>Young-Ho</firstname><surname>Khang</surname><order>31</order></author><author><firstname>Tiina</firstname><surname>Laatikainen</surname><order>32</order></author><author><firstname>Avula</firstname><surname>Laxmaiah</surname><order>33</order></author><author><firstname>Jun</firstname><surname>Ma</surname><order>34</order></author><author><firstname>Michele</firstname><surname>Monroy-Valle</surname><order>35</order></author><author><firstname>Malay K.</firstname><surname>Mridha</surname><order>36</order></author><author><firstname>Cristina P.</firstname><surname>Padez</surname><order>37</order></author><author><firstname>Andrew</firstname><surname>Reynolds</surname><order>38</order></author><author><firstname>Maroje</firstname><surname>Sorić</surname><order>39</order></author><author><firstname>Gregor</firstname><surname>Starc</surname><order>40</order></author><author><firstname>James P.</firstname><surname>Wirth</surname><order>41</order></author><author><firstname>Leandra</firstname><surname>Abarca-Gómez</surname><order>42</order></author><author><firstname>Ziad A.</firstname><surname>Abdeen</surname><order>43</order></author><author><firstname>Shynar</firstname><surname>Abdrakhmanova</surname><order>44</order></author><author><firstname>Suhaila Abdul</firstname><surname>Ghaffar</surname><order>45</order></author><author><firstname>Hanan F. Abdul</firstname><surname>Rahim</surname><order>46</order></author><author><firstname>Zulfiya</firstname><surname>Abdurrahmonova</surname><order>47</order></author><author><firstname>Niveen M.</firstname><surname>Abu-Rmeileh</surname><order>48</order></author><author><firstname>Jamila Abubakar</firstname><surname>Garba</surname><order>49</order></author><author><firstname>Benjamin</firstname><surname>Acosta-Cazares</surname><order>50</order></author><author><firstname>Ishag</firstname><surname>Adam</surname><order>51</order></author><author><firstname>Marzena</firstname><surname>Adamczyk</surname><order>52</order></author><author><firstname>Robert J.</firstname><surname>Adams</surname><order>53</order></author><author><firstname>Seth</firstname><surname>Adu-Afarwuah</surname><order>54</order></author><author><firstname>Kaosar</firstname><surname>Afsana</surname><order>55</order></author><author><firstname>Shoaib</firstname><surname>Afzal</surname><order>56</order></author><author><firstname>Valirie N.</firstname><surname>Agbor</surname><order>57</order></author><author><firstname>Imelda A.</firstname><surname>Agdeppa</surname><order>58</order></author><author><firstname>Javad</firstname><surname>Aghazadeh-Attari</surname><order>59</order></author><author><firstname>Hassan</firstname><surname>Aguenaou</surname><order>60</order></author><author><firstname>Carlos A.</firstname><surname>Aguilar-Salinas</surname><order>61</order></author><author><firstname>Charles</firstname><surname>Agyemang</surname><order>62</order></author><author><firstname>Mohamad Hasnan</firstname><surname>Ahmad</surname><order>63</order></author><author><firstname>Ali</firstname><surname>Ahmadi</surname><order>64</order></author><author><firstname>Naser</firstname><surname>Ahmadi</surname><order>65</order></author><author><firstname>Nastaran</firstname><surname>Ahmadi</surname><order>66</order></author><author><firstname>Imran</firstname><surname>Ahmed</surname><order>67</order></author><author><firstname>Soheir H.</firstname><surname>Ahmed</surname><order>68</order></author><author><firstname>Wolfgang</firstname><surname>Ahrens</surname><order>69</order></author><author><firstname>Gulmira</firstname><surname>Aitmurzaeva</surname><order>70</order></author><author><firstname>Kamel</firstname><surname>Ajlouni</surname><order>71</order></author><author><firstname>Hazzaa M.</firstname><surname>Al-Hazzaa</surname><order>72</order></author><author><firstname>Badreya</firstname><surname>Al-Lahou</surname><order>73</order></author><author><firstname>Rajaa</firstname><surname>Al-Raddadi</surname><order>74</order></author><author><firstname>Huda M. Al</firstname><surname>Hourani</surname><order>75</order></author><author><firstname>Nawal M. 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Soares</firstname><surname>Dias-da-Costa</surname><order>346</order></author><author><firstname>María Elena</firstname><surname>Díaz-Sánchez</surname><order>347</order></author><author><firstname>Alejandro</firstname><surname>Diaz</surname><order>348</order></author><author><firstname>Pedro Díaz</firstname><surname>Fernández</surname><order>349</order></author><author><firstname>María Pilar Díez</firstname><surname>Ripollés</surname><order>350</order></author><author><firstname>Zivka</firstname><surname>Dika</surname><order>351</order></author><author><firstname>Shirin</firstname><surname>Djalalinia</surname><order>352</order></author><author><firstname>Visnja</firstname><surname>Djordjic</surname><order>353</order></author><author><firstname>Ha T. 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S.</firstname><surname>Ferreira</surname><order>425</order></author><author><firstname>Eldridge</firstname><surname>Ferrer</surname><order>426</order></author><author><firstname>Jean</firstname><surname>Ferrieres</surname><order>427</order></author><author><firstname>Thamara Hubler</firstname><surname>Figueiró</surname><order>428</order></author><author><firstname>Anna</firstname><surname>Fijalkowska</surname><order>429</order></author><author><firstname>Mauro</firstname><surname>Fisberg</surname><order>430</order></author><author><firstname>Krista</firstname><surname>Fischer</surname><order>431</order></author><author><firstname>Leng Huat</firstname><surname>Foo</surname><order>432</order></author><author><firstname>Maria</firstname><surname>Forsner</surname><order>433</order></author><author><firstname>Heba M.</firstname><surname>Fouad</surname><order>434</order></author><author><firstname>Damian K.</firstname><surname>Francis</surname><order>435</order></author><author><firstname>Maria do Carmo</firstname><surname>Franco</surname><order>436</order></author><author><firstname>Zlatko</firstname><surname>Fras</surname><order>437</order></author><author><firstname>Guillermo</firstname><surname>Frontera</surname><order>438</order></author><author><firstname>Flavio D.</firstname><surname>Fuchs</surname><order>439</order></author><author><firstname>Sandra C.</firstname><surname>Fuchs</surname><order>440</order></author><author><firstname>Isti I.</firstname><surname>Fujiati</surname><order>441</order></author><author><firstname>Yuki</firstname><surname>Fujita</surname><order>442</order></author><author><firstname>Matsuda</firstname><surname>Fumihiko</surname><order>443</order></author><author><firstname>Viktoriya</firstname><surname>Furdela</surname><order>444</order></author><author><firstname>Takuro</firstname><surname>Furusawa</surname><order>445</order></author><author><firstname>Zbigniew</firstname><surname>Gaciong</surname><order>446</order></author><author><firstname>Mihai</firstname><surname>Gafencu</surname><order>447</order></author><author><firstname>Manuel Galán</firstname><surname>Cuesta</surname><order>448</order></author><author><firstname>Andrzej</firstname><surname>Galbarczyk</surname><order>449</order></author><author><firstname>Henrike</firstname><surname>Galenkamp</surname><order>450</order></author><author><firstname>Daniela</firstname><surname>Galeone</surname><order>451</order></author><author><firstname>Myriam</firstname><surname>Galfo</surname><order>452</order></author><author><firstname>Fabio</firstname><surname>Galvano</surname><order>453</order></author><author><firstname>Jingli</firstname><surname>Gao</surname><order>454</order></author><author><firstname>Pei</firstname><surname>Gao</surname><order>455</order></author><author><firstname>Manoli</firstname><surname>Garcia-de-la-Hera</surname><order>456</order></author><author><firstname>María José García</firstname><surname>Mérida</surname><order>457</order></author><author><firstname>Marta García</firstname><surname>Solano</surname><order>458</order></author><author><firstname>Dickman</firstname><surname>Gareta</surname><order>459</order></author><author><firstname>Sarah P.</firstname><surname>Garnett</surname><order>460</order></author><author><firstname>Jean-Michel</firstname><surname>Gaspoz</surname><order>461</order></author><author><firstname>Magda</firstname><surname>Gasull</surname><order>462</order></author><author><firstname>Adroaldo Cesar Araujo</firstname><surname>Gaya</surname><order>463</order></author><author><firstname>Anelise Reis</firstname><surname>Gaya</surname><order>464</order></author><author><firstname>Andrea</firstname><surname>Gazzinelli</surname><order>465</order></author><author><firstname>Ulrike</firstname><surname>Gehring</surname><order>466</order></author><author><firstname>Harald</firstname><surname>Geiger</surname><order>467</order></author><author><firstname>Johanna M.</firstname><surname>Geleijnse</surname><order>468</order></author><author><firstname>Ronnie</firstname><surname>George</surname><order>469</order></author><author><firstname>Ebrahim</firstname><surname>Ghaderi</surname><order>470</order></author><author><firstname>Ali</firstname><surname>Ghanbari</surname><order>471</order></author><author><firstname>Erfan</firstname><surname>Ghasemi</surname><order>472</order></author><author><firstname>Oana-Florentina</firstname><surname>Gheorghe-Fronea</surname><order>473</order></author><author><firstname>Alessandro</firstname><surname>Gialluisi</surname><order>474</order></author><author><firstname>Simona</firstname><surname>Giampaoli</surname><order>475</order></author><author><firstname>Francesco</firstname><surname>Gianfagna</surname><order>476</order></author><author><firstname>Christian</firstname><surname>Gieger</surname><order>477</order></author><author><firstname>Tiffany K.</firstname><surname>Gill</surname><order>478</order></author><author><firstname>Jonathan</firstname><surname>Giovannelli</surname><order>479</order></author><author><firstname>Glen</firstname><surname>Gironella</surname><order>480</order></author><author><firstname>Aleksander</firstname><surname>Giwercman</surname><order>481</order></author><author><firstname>Konstantinos</firstname><surname>Gkiouras</surname><order>482</order></author><author><firstname>Natalya</firstname><surname>Glushkova</surname><order>483</order></author><author><firstname>Natalja</firstname><surname>Gluškova</surname><order>484</order></author><author><firstname>Ramesh</firstname><surname>Godara</surname><order>485</order></author><author><firstname>Justyna</firstname><surname>Godos</surname><order>486</order></author><author><firstname>Sibel</firstname><surname>Gogen</surname><order>487</order></author><author><firstname>Marcel</firstname><surname>Goldberg</surname><order>488</order></author><author><firstname>David</firstname><surname>Goltzman</surname><order>489</order></author><author><firstname>Georgina</firstname><surname>Gómez</surname><order>490</order></author><author><firstname>Jesús Humberto Gómez</firstname><surname>Gómez</surname><order>491</order></author><author><firstname>Luis F.</firstname><surname>Gomez</surname><order>492</order></author><author><firstname>Santiago F.</firstname><surname>Gómez</surname><order>493</order></author><author><firstname>Aleksandra</firstname><surname>Gomula</surname><order>494</order></author><author><firstname>Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da</firstname><surname>Silva</surname><order>495</order></author><author><firstname>Helen</firstname><surname>Gonçalves</surname><order>496</order></author><author><firstname>Mauer</firstname><surname>Gonçalves</surname><order>497</order></author><author><firstname>Ana D.</firstname><surname>González-Alvarez</surname><order>498</order></author><author><firstname>David A.</firstname><surname>Gonzalez-Chica</surname><order>499</order></author><author><firstname>Esther 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Karin</firstname><surname>Grøholt</surname><order>515</order></author><author><firstname>Anders</firstname><surname>Grøntved</surname><order>516</order></author><author><firstname>Giuseppe</firstname><surname>Grosso</surname><order>517</order></author><author><firstname>Gabriella</firstname><surname>Gruden</surname><order>518</order></author><author><firstname>Dongfeng</firstname><surname>Gu</surname><order>519</order></author><author><firstname>Viviana</firstname><surname>Guajardo</surname><order>520</order></author><author><firstname>Emanuela</firstname><surname>Gualdi-Russo</surname><order>521</order></author><author><firstname>Pilar</firstname><surname>Guallar-Castillón</surname><order>522</order></author><author><firstname>Andrea</firstname><surname>Gualtieri</surname><order>523</order></author><author><firstname>Elias F.</firstname><surname>Gudmundsson</surname><order>524</order></author><author><firstname>Vilmundur</firstname><surname>Gudnason</surname><order>525</order></author><author><firstname>Ramiro</firstname><surname>Guerrero</surname><order>526</order></author><author><firstname>Idris</firstname><surname>Guessous</surname><order>527</order></author><author><firstname>Andre L.</firstname><surname>Guimaraes</surname><order>528</order></author><author><firstname>Martin C.</firstname><surname>Gulliford</surname><order>529</order></author><author><firstname>Johanna</firstname><surname>Gunnlaugsdottir</surname><order>530</order></author><author><firstname>Marc J.</firstname><surname>Gunter</surname><order>531</order></author><author><firstname>Xiu-Hua</firstname><surname>Guo</surname><order>532</order></author><author><firstname>Yin</firstname><surname>Guo</surname><order>533</order></author><author><firstname>Prakash C.</firstname><surname>Gupta</surname><order>534</order></author><author><firstname>Rajeev</firstname><surname>Gupta</surname><order>535</order></author><author><firstname>Oye</firstname><surname>Gureje</surname><order>536</order></author><author><firstname>Enrique Gutiérrez</firstname><surname>González</surname><order>537</order></author><author><firstname>Laura</firstname><surname>Gutierrez</surname><order>538</order></author><author><firstname>Felix</firstname><surname>Gutzwiller</surname><order>539</order></author><author><firstname>Xinyi</firstname><surname>Gwee</surname><order>540</order></author><author><firstname>Seongjun</firstname><surname>Ha</surname><order>541</order></author><author><firstname>Farzad</firstname><surname>Hadaegh</surname><order>542</order></author><author><firstname>Charalambos A.</firstname><surname>Hadjigeorgiou</surname><order>543</order></author><author><firstname>Rosa</firstname><surname>Haghshenas</surname><order>544</order></author><author><firstname>Hamid</firstname><surname>Hakimi</surname><order>545</order></author><author><firstname>Jytte</firstname><surname>Halkjær</surname><order>546</order></author><author><firstname>Ian R.</firstname><surname>Hambleton</surname><order>547</order></author><author><firstname>Behrooz</firstname><surname>Hamzeh</surname><order>548</order></author><author><firstname>Willem A.</firstname><surname>Hanekom</surname><order>549</order></author><author><firstname>Dominique</firstname><surname>Hange</surname><order>550</order></author><author><firstname>Abu A. 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spelling v2 63053 2023-03-31 Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development 6d62b2ed126961bed81a94a2beba8a01 0000-0001-5618-0803 Gareth Stratton Gareth Stratton true false 2023-03-31 STSC Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1,2,3,4,5,6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified. Journal Article Nature 615 7954 874 883 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 0028-0836 1476-4687 Developing world, Nutrition, Paediatric research, Public health 30 3 2023 2023-03-30 10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8 COLLEGE NANME Sport and Exercise Sciences COLLEGE CODE STSC Swansea University 2023-04-25T11:36:21.2924659 2023-03-31T11:08:47.9786061 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences Anu Mishra 1 Bin Zhou 2 Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez 3 Honor Bixby 4 Rosie K. Singleton 5 Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco 6 Kate E. Sheffer 7 Christopher J. Paciorek 8 James E. Bennett 9 Victor Lhoste 10 Maria L. C. Iurilli 11 Mariachiara Di Cesare 12 James Bentham 13 Nowell H. Phelps 14 Marisa K. Sophiea 15 Gretchen A. Stevens 16 Goodarz Danaei 17 Melanie J. Cowan 18 Stefan Savin 19 Leanne M. Riley 20 Edward W. Gregg 21 Wichai Aekplakorn 22 Noor Ani Ahmad 23 Jennifer L. Baker 24 Adela Chirita-Emandi 25 Farshad Farzadfar 26 Günther Fink 27 Mirjam Heinen 28 Nayu Ikeda 29 Andre P. Kengne 30 Young-Ho Khang 31 Tiina Laatikainen 32 Avula Laxmaiah 33 Jun Ma 34 Michele Monroy-Valle 35 Malay K. Mridha 36 Cristina P. Padez 37 Andrew Reynolds 38 Maroje Sorić 39 Gregor Starc 40 James P. Wirth 41 Leandra Abarca-Gómez 42 Ziad A. Abdeen 43 Shynar Abdrakhmanova 44 Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar 45 Hanan F. Abdul Rahim 46 Zulfiya Abdurrahmonova 47 Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh 48 Jamila Abubakar Garba 49 Benjamin Acosta-Cazares 50 Ishag Adam 51 Marzena Adamczyk 52 Robert J. Adams 53 Seth Adu-Afarwuah 54 Kaosar Afsana 55 Shoaib Afzal 56 Valirie N. Agbor 57 Imelda A. Agdeppa 58 Javad Aghazadeh-Attari 59 Hassan Aguenaou 60 Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas 61 Charles Agyemang 62 Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad 63 Ali Ahmadi 64 Naser Ahmadi 65 Nastaran Ahmadi 66 Imran Ahmed 67 Soheir H. Ahmed 68 Wolfgang Ahrens 69 Gulmira Aitmurzaeva 70 Kamel Ajlouni 71 Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa 72 Badreya Al-Lahou 73 Rajaa Al-Raddadi 74 Huda M. Al Hourani 75 Nawal M. Al Qaoud 76 Monira Alarouj 77 Fadia AlBuhairan 78 Shahla AlDhukair 79 Maryam A. Aldwairji 80 Sylvia Alexius 81 Mohamed M. Ali 82 Abdullah Alkandari 83 Ala’a Alkerwi 84 Buthaina M. Alkhatib 85 Kristine Allin 86 Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol 87 Eman Aly 88 Deepak N. Amarapurkar 89 Pilar Amiano Etxezarreta 90 John Amoah 91 Norbert Amougou 92 Philippe Amouyel 93 Lars Bo Andersen 94 Sigmund A. Anderssen 95 Odysseas Androutsos 96 Lars Ängquist 97 Ranjit Mohan Anjana 98 Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam 99 Elena Anufrieva 100 Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri 101 Joana Araújo 102 Inger Ariansen 103 Tahir Aris 104 Raphael E. Arku 105 Nimmathota Arlappa 106 Krishna K. Aryal 107 Nega Aseffa 108 Thor Aspelund 109 Felix K. Assah 110 Batyrbek Assembekov 111 Maria Cecília F. Assunção 112 May Soe Aung 113 Juha Auvinen 114 Mária Avdičová 115 Shina Avi 116 Ana Azevedo 117 Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad 118 Fereidoun Azizi 119 Mehrdad Azmin 120 Bontha V. Babu 121 Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen 122 Azli Baharudin 123 Suhad Bahijri 124 Marta Bakacs 125 Nagalla Balakrishna 126 Yulia Balanova 127 Mohamed Bamoshmoosh 128 Maciej Banach 129 José R. Banegas 130 Joanna Baran 131 Rafał Baran 132 Carlo M. Barbagallo 133 Valter Barbosa Filho 134 Alberto Barceló 135 Maja Baretić 136 Amina Barkat 137 Joaquin Barnoya 138 Lena Barrera 139 Marta Barreto 140 Aluisio J. D. Barros 141 Mauro Virgílio Gomes Barros 142 Anna Bartosiewicz 143 Abdul Basit 144 Joao Luiz D. Bastos 145 Iqbal Bata 146 Anwar M. Batieha 147 Aline P. Batista 148 Rosangela L. Batista 149 Zhamilya Battakova 150 Louise A. Baur 151 Pascal M. Bayauli 152 Robert Beaglehole 153 Silvia Bel-Serrat 154 Antonisamy Belavendra 155 Habiba Ben Romdhane 156 Judith Benedics 157 Mikhail Benet 158 Gilda Estela Benitez Rolandi 159 Elling Bere 160 Ingunn Holden Bergh 161 Yemane Berhane 162 Salim Berkinbayev 163 Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz 164 Gailute Bernotiene 165 Ximena Berrios Carrasola 166 Heloísa Bettiol 167 Manfred E. Beutel 168 Augustin F. Beybey 169 Jorge Bezerra 170 Aroor Bhagyalaxmi 171 Sumit Bharadwaj 172 Santosh K. Bhargava 173 Hongsheng Bi 174 Yufang Bi 175 Daniel Bia 176 Katia Biasch 177 Elysée Claude Bika Lele 178 Mukharram M. Bikbov 179 Bihungum Bista 180 Dusko J. Bjelica 181 Anne A. Bjerregaard 182 Peter Bjerregaard 183 Espen Bjertness 184 Marius B. Bjertness 185 Cecilia Björkelund 186 Katia V. Bloch 187 Anneke Blokstra 188 Moran Blychfeld Magnazu 189 Simona Bo 190 Martin Bobak 191 Lynne M. Boddy 192 Bernhard O. Boehm 193 Jolanda M. A. Boer 194 Jose G. Boggia 195 Elena Bogova 196 Carlos P. Boissonnet 197 Stig E. Bojesen 198 Marialaura Bonaccio 199 Vanina Bongard 200 Alice Bonilla-Vargas 201 Matthias Bopp 202 Herman Borghs 203 Pascal Bovet 204 Khadichamo Boymatova 205 Lien Braeckevelt 206 Lutgart Braeckman 207 Marjolijn C. E. Bragt 208 Imperia Brajkovich 209 Francesco Branca 210 Juergen Breckenkamp 211 João Breda 212 Hermann Brenner 213 Lizzy M. Brewster 214 Garry R. Brian 215 Yajaira Briceño 216 Lacramioara Brinduse 217 Miguel Brito 218 Sinead Brophy 219 Johannes Brug 220 Graziella Bruno 221 Anna Bugge 222 Frank Buntinx 223 Marta Buoncristiano 224 Genc Burazeri 225 Con Burns 226 Antonio Cabrera de León 227 Joseph Cacciottolo 228 Hui Cai 229 Roberta B. Caixeta 230 Tilema Cama 231 Christine Cameron 232 José Camolas 233 Günay Can 234 Ana Paula C. Cândido 235 Felicia Cañete 236 Mario V. Capanzana 237 Naděžda Čapková 238 Eduardo Capuano 239 Rocco Capuano 240 Vincenzo Capuano 241 Marloes Cardol 242 Viviane C. Cardoso 243 Axel C. Carlsson 244 Esteban Carmuega 245 Joana Carvalho 246 José A. Casajús 247 Felipe F. Casanueva 248 Maribel Casas 249 Ertugrul Celikcan 250 Laura Censi 251 Marvin Cervantes‐Loaiza 252 Juraci A. Cesar 253 Snehalatha Chamukuttan 254 Angelique Chan 255 Queenie Chan 256 Himanshu K. Chaturvedi 257 Nish Chaturvedi 258 Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim 259 Miao Li Chee 260 Chien-Jen Chen 261 Fangfang Chen 262 Huashuai Chen 263 Shuohua Chen 264 Zhengming Chen 265 Ching-Yu Cheng 266 Yiling J. Cheng 267 Bahman Cheraghian 268 Angela Chetrit 269 Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener 270 Mai J. M. Chinapaw 271 Anne Chinnock 272 Arnaud Chiolero 273 Shu-Ti Chiou 274 María-Dolores Chirlaque 275 Belong Cho 276 Kaare Christensen 277 Diego G. Christofaro 278 Jerzy Chudek 279 Renata Cifkova 280 Michelle Cilia 281 Eliza Cinteza 282 Massimo Cirillo 283 Frank Claessens 284 Janine Clarke 285 Els Clays 286 Emmanuel Cohen 287 Laura-María Compañ-Gabucio 288 Hans Concin 289 Susana C. Confortin 290 Cyrus Cooper 291 Tara C. Coppinger 292 Eva Corpeleijn 293 Lilia Yadira Cortés 294 Simona Costanzo 295 Dominique Cottel 296 Chris Cowell 297 Cora L. Craig 298 Amelia C. Crampin 299 Amanda J. Cross 300 Ana B. Crujeiras 301 Juan J. Cruz 302 Tamás Csányi 303 Semánová Csilla 304 Alexandra M. Cucu 305 Liufu Cui 306 Felipe V. Cureau 307 Sarah Cuschieri 308 Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska 309 Graziella D’Arrigo 310 Eleonora d’Orsi 311 Liliana Dacica 312 Jean Dallongeville 313 Albertino Damasceno 314 Camilla T. Damsgaard 315 Rachel Dankner 316 Thomas M. Dantoft 317 Parasmani Dasgupta 318 Saeed Dastgiri 319 Luc Dauchet 320 Kairat Davletov 321 Maria Alice Altenburg de Assis 322 Guy De Backer 323 Dirk De Bacquer 324 Amalia De Curtis 325 Patrícia de Fragas Hinnig 326 Giovanni de Gaetano 327 Stefaan De Henauw 328 Pilar De Miguel-Etayo 329 Paula Duarte de Oliveira 330 David De Ridder 331 Karin De Ridder 332 Susanne R. de Rooij 333 Delphine De Smedt 334 Mohan Deepa 335 Alexander D. Deev 336 Vincent DeGennaro 337 Hélène Delisle 338 Francis Delpeuch 339 Stefaan Demarest 340 Elaine Dennison 341 Katarzyna Dereń 342 Valérie Deschamps 343 Meghnath Dhimal 344 Augusto Di Castelnuovo 345 Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa 346 María Elena Díaz-Sánchez 347 Alejandro Diaz 348 Pedro Díaz Fernández 349 María Pilar Díez Ripollés 350 Zivka Dika 351 Shirin Djalalinia 352 Visnja Djordjic 353 Ha T. P. Do 354 Annette J. Dobson 355 Liria Dominguez 356 Maria Benedetta Donati 357 Chiara Donfrancesco 358 Guanghui Dong 359 Yanhui Dong 360 Silvana P. Donoso 361 Angela Döring 362 Maria Dorobantu 363 Ahmad Reza Dorosty 364 Kouamelan Doua 365 Nico Dragano 366 Wojciech Drygas 367 Jia Li Duan 368 Charmaine A. Duante 369 Priscilla Duboz 370 Vesselka L. Duleva 371 Virginija Dulskiene 372 Samuel C. Dumith 373 Anar Dushpanova 374 Azhar Dyussupova 375 Vilnis Dzerve 376 Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk 377 Guadalupe Echeverría 378 Ricky Eddie 379 Ebrahim Eftekhar 380 Eruke E. Egbagbe 381 Robert Eggertsen 382 Sareh Eghtesad 383 Gabriele Eiben 384 Ulf Ekelund 385 Mohammad El-Khateeb 386 Laila El Ammari 387 Jalila El Ati 388 Denise Eldemire-Shearer 389 Marie Eliasen 390 Paul Elliott 391 Ronit Endevelt 392 Reina Engle-Stone 393 Rajiv T. Erasmus 394 Raimund Erbel 395 Cihangir Erem 396 Gul Ergor 397 Louise Eriksen 398 Johan G. Eriksson 399 Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña 400 Saeid Eslami 401 Ali Esmaeili 402 Alun Evans 403 David Faeh 404 Ildar Fakhradiyev 405 Albina A. Fakhretdinova 406 Caroline H. Fall 407 Elnaz Faramarzi 408 Mojtaba Farjam 409 Victoria Farrugia Sant’Angelo 410 Mohammad Reza Fattahi 411 Asher Fawwad 412 Wafaie W. Fawzi 413 Edit Feigl 414 Francisco J. Felix-Redondo 415 Trevor S. Ferguson 416 Romulo A. Fernandes 417 Daniel Fernández-Bergés 418 Daniel Ferrante 419 Thomas Ferrao 420 Gerson Ferrari 421 Marika Ferrari 422 Marco M. Ferrario 423 Catterina Ferreccio 424 Haroldo S. Ferreira 425 Eldridge Ferrer 426 Jean Ferrieres 427 Thamara Hubler Figueiró 428 Anna Fijalkowska 429 Mauro Fisberg 430 Krista Fischer 431 Leng Huat Foo 432 Maria Forsner 433 Heba M. Fouad 434 Damian K. Francis 435 Maria do Carmo Franco 436 Zlatko Fras 437 Guillermo Frontera 438 Flavio D. Fuchs 439 Sandra C. Fuchs 440 Isti I. Fujiati 441 Yuki Fujita 442 Matsuda Fumihiko 443 Viktoriya Furdela 444 Takuro Furusawa 445 Zbigniew Gaciong 446 Mihai Gafencu 447 Manuel Galán Cuesta 448 Andrzej Galbarczyk 449 Henrike Galenkamp 450 Daniela Galeone 451 Myriam Galfo 452 Fabio Galvano 453 Jingli Gao 454 Pei Gao 455 Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera 456 María José García Mérida 457 Marta García Solano 458 Dickman Gareta 459 Sarah P. Garnett 460 Jean-Michel Gaspoz 461 Magda Gasull 462 Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya 463 Anelise Reis Gaya 464 Andrea Gazzinelli 465 Ulrike Gehring 466 Harald Geiger 467 Johanna M. Geleijnse 468 Ronnie George 469 Ebrahim Ghaderi 470 Ali Ghanbari 471 Erfan Ghasemi 472 Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea 473 Alessandro Gialluisi 474 Simona Giampaoli 475 Francesco Gianfagna 476 Christian Gieger 477 Tiffany K. Gill 478 Jonathan Giovannelli 479 Glen Gironella 480 Aleksander Giwercman 481 Konstantinos Gkiouras 482 Natalya Glushkova 483 Natalja Gluškova 484 Ramesh Godara 485 Justyna Godos 486 Sibel Gogen 487 Marcel Goldberg 488 David Goltzman 489 Georgina Gómez 490 Jesús Humberto Gómez Gómez 491 Luis F. Gomez 492 Santiago F. Gómez 493 Aleksandra Gomula 494 Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva 495 Helen Gonçalves 496 Mauer Gonçalves 497 Ana D. González-Alvarez 498 David A. Gonzalez-Chica 499 Esther M. González-Gil 500 Marcela Gonzalez-Gross 501 Margot González-Leon 502 Juan P. González-Rivas 503 Clicerio González-Villalpando 504 María-Elena González-Villalpando 505 Angel R. Gonzalez 506 Frederic Gottrand 507 Antonio Pedro Graça 508 Sidsel Graff-Iversen 509 Dušan Grafnetter 510 Aneta Grajda 511 Maria G. Grammatikopoulou 512 Ronald D. Gregor 513 Maria João Gregório 514 Else Karin Grøholt 515 Anders Grøntved 516 Giuseppe Grosso 517 Gabriella Gruden 518 Dongfeng Gu 519 Viviana Guajardo 520 Emanuela Gualdi-Russo 521 Pilar Guallar-Castillón 522 Andrea Gualtieri 523 Elias F. Gudmundsson 524 Vilmundur Gudnason 525 Ramiro Guerrero 526 Idris Guessous 527 Andre L. Guimaraes 528 Martin C. Gulliford 529 Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir 530 Marc J. Gunter 531 Xiu-Hua Guo 532 Yin Guo 533 Prakash C. Gupta 534 Rajeev Gupta 535 Oye Gureje 536 Enrique Gutiérrez González 537 Laura Gutierrez 538 Felix Gutzwiller 539 Xinyi Gwee 540 Seongjun Ha 541 Farzad Hadaegh 542 Charalambos A. Hadjigeorgiou 543 Rosa Haghshenas 544 Hamid Hakimi 545 Jytte Halkjær 546 Ian R. Hambleton 547 Behrooz Hamzeh 548 Willem A. Hanekom 549 Dominique Hange 550 Abu A. M. Hanif 551 Sari Hantunen 552 Jie Hao 553 Carla Menêses Hardman 554 Rachakulla Hari Kumar 555 Tina Harmer Lassen 556 Javad Harooni 557 Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri 558 Maria Hassapidou 559 Jun Hata 560 Teresa Haugsgjerd 561 Alison J. Hayes 562 Jiang He 563 Yuan He 564 Yuna He 565 Regina Heidinger-Felső 566 Margit Heier 567 Tatjana Hejgaard 568 Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks 569 Rafael dos Santos Henrique 570 Ana Henriques 571 Leticia Hernandez Cadena 572 Sauli Herrala 573 Marianella Herrera-Cuenca 574 Victor M. Herrera 575 Isabelle Herter-Aeberli 576 Karl-Heinz Herzig 577 Ramin Heshmat 578 Allan G. Hill 579 Sai Yin Ho 580 Suzanne C. Ho 581 Michael Hobbs 582 Doroteia A. Höfelmann 583 Michelle Holdsworth 584 Reza Homayounfar 585 Clara Homs 586 Wilma M. Hopman 587 Andrea R. V. R. Horimoto 588 Claudia M. Hormiga 589 Bernardo L. Horta 590 Leila Houti 591 Christina Howitt 592 Thein Thein Htay 593 Aung Soe Htet 594 Maung Maung Than Htike 595 Yonghua Hu 596 José María Huerta 597 Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi 598 Laetitia Huiart 599 Constanta Huidumac Petrescu 600 Martijn Huisman 601 Abdullatif Husseini 602 Chinh Nguyen Huu 603 Inge Huybrechts 604 Nahla Hwalla 605 Jolanda Hyska 606 Licia Iacoviello 607 Ellina M. Iakupova 608 Jesús M. Ibarluzea 609 Mohsen M. Ibrahim 610 Norazizah Ibrahim Wong 611 M. Arfan Ikram 612 Carmen Iñiguez 613 Violeta Iotova 614 Vilma E. Irazola 615 Takafumi Ishida 616 Godsent C. Isiguzo 617 Muhammad Islam 618 Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam 619 Duygu Islek 620 Ivaila Y. Ivanova-Pandourska 621 Masanori Iwasaki 622 Tuija Jääskeläinen 623 Rod T. Jackson 624 Jeremy M. Jacobs 625 Michel Jadoul 626 Tazeen Jafar 627 Bakary Jallow 628 Kenneth James 629 Kazi M. Jamil 630 Konrad Jamrozik 631 Anna Jansson 632 Imre Janszky 633 Edward Janus 634 Juel Jarani 635 Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin 636 Grazyna Jasienska 637 Ana Jelaković 638 Bojan Jelaković 639 Garry Jennings 640 Chao Qiang Jiang 641 Ramon O. Jimenez 642 Karl-Heinz Jöckel 643 Michel Joffres 644 Jari J. Jokelainen 645 Jost B. Jonas 646 Jitendra Jonnagaddala 647 Torben Jørgensen 648 Pradeep Joshi 649 Josipa Josipović 650 Farahnaz Joukar 651 Jacek J. Jóźwiak 652 Debra S. Judge 653 Anne Juolevi 654 Gregor Jurak 655 Iulia Jurca Simina 656 Vesna Juresa 657 Rudolf Kaaks 658 Felix O. Kaducu 659 Anthony Kafatos 660 Mónika Kaj 661 Eero O. Kajantie 662 Natia Kakutia 663 Daniela Kállayová 664 Zhanna Kalmatayeva 665 Ofra Kalter-Leibovici 666 Yves Kameli 667 Freja B. Kampmann 668 Kodanda R. Kanala 669 Srinivasan Kannan 670 Efthymios Kapantais 671 Eva Karaglani 672 Argyro Karakosta 673 Line L. Kårhus 674 Khem B. Karki 675 Philippe B. Katchunga 676 Marzieh Katibeh 677 Joanne Katz 678 Peter T. Katzmarzyk 679 Jussi Kauhanen 680 Prabhdeep Kaur 681 Maryam Kavousi 682 Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva 683 François F. Kaze 684 Calvin Ke 685 Ulrich Keil 686 Lital Keinan Boker 687 Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi 688 Roya Kelishadi 689 Cecily Kelleher 690 Han C. G. Kemper 691 Maryam Keramati 692 Alina Kerimkulova 693 Mathilde Kersting 694 Timothy Key 695 Yousef Saleh Khader 696 Arsalan Khaledifar 697 Davood Khalili 698 Kay-Tee Khaw 699 Bahareh Kheiri 700 Motahareh Kheradmand 701 Alireza Khosravi 702 Ilse M. S. L. Khouw 703 Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer 704 Sophia J. Kiechl 705 Stefan Kiechl 706 Japhet Killewo 707 Hyeon Chang Kim 708 Jeongseon Kim 709 Jenny M. Kindblom 710 Andrew Kingston 711 Heidi Klakk 712 Magdalena Klimek 713 Jeannette Klimont 714 Jurate Klumbiene 715 Michael Knoflach 716 Bhawesh Koirala 717 Elin Kolle 718 Patrick Kolsteren 719 Jürgen König 720 Raija Korpelainen 721 Paul Korrovits 722 Magdalena Korzycka 723 Jelena Kos 724 Seppo Koskinen 725 Katsuyasu Kouda 726 Éva Kovács 727 Viktoria Anna Kovacs 728 Irina Kovalskys 729 Sudhir Kowlessur 730 Slawomir Koziel 731 Jana Kratenova 732 Wolfgang Kratzer 733 Vilma Kriaucioniene 734 Susi Kriemler 735 Peter Lund Kristensen 736 Helena Krizan 737 Maria F. Kroker-Lobos 738 Steinar Krokstad 739 Daan Kromhout 740 Herculina S. Kruger 741 Ruan Kruger 742 Łukasz Kryst 743 Ruzena Kubinova 744 Renata Kuciene 745 Urho M. Kujala 746 Enisa Kujundzic 747 Zbigniew Kulaga 748 Mukhtar Kulimbet 749 R. Krishna Kumar 750 Marie Kunešová 751 Pawel Kurjata 752 Yadlapalli S. Kusuma 753 Vladimir Kutsenko 754 Kari Kuulasmaa 755 Catherine Kyobutungi 756 Quang Ngoc La 757 Fatima Zahra Laamiri 758 Carl Lachat 759 Karl J. Lackner 760 Youcef Laid 761 Lachmie Lall 762 Tai Hing Lam 763 Maritza Landaeta Jimenez 764 Edwige Landais 765 Vera Lanska 766 Georg Lappas 767 Bagher Larijani 768 Simo Pone Larissa 769 Tint Swe Latt 770 Martino Laurenzi 771 Laura Lauria 772 Maria Lazo-Porras 773 Gwenaëlle Le Coroller 774 Khanh Le Nguyen Bao 775 Agnès Le Port 776 Tuyen D. Le 777 Jeannette Lee 778 Jeonghee Lee 779 Paul H. Lee 780 Nils Lehmann 781 Terho Lehtimäki 782 Daniel Lemogoum 783 Branimir Leskošek 784 Justyna Leszczak 785 Katja B. Leth-Møller 786 Gabriel M. Leung 787 Naomi S. Levitt 788 Yanping Li 789 Merike Liivak 790 Christa L. Lilly 791 Charlie Lim 792 Wei-Yen Lim 793 M. Fernanda Lima-Costa 794 Hsien-Ho Lin 795 Xu Lin 796 Yi-Ting Lin 797 Lars Lind 798 Vijaya Lingam 799 Birgit Linkohr 800 Allan Linneberg 801 Lauren Lissner 802 Mieczyslaw Litwin 803 Jing Liu 804 Lijuan Liu 805 Wei-Cheng Lo 806 Helle-Mai Loit 807 Khuong Quynh Long 808 Guadalupe Longo Abril 809 Luis Lopes 810 Marcus V. V. Lopes 811 Oscar Lopes 812 Esther Lopez-Garcia 813 Tania Lopez 814 Paulo A. Lotufo 815 José Eugenio Lozano 816 Janice L. Lukrafka 817 Dalia Luksiene 818 Annamari Lundqvist 819 Nuno Lunet 820 Charles Lunogelo 821 Michala Lustigová 822 Edyta Łuszczki 823 Jean-René M’Buyamba-Kabangu 824 Guansheng Ma 825 Xu Ma 826 George L. L. Machado-Coelho 827 Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues 828 Enguerran Macia 829 Luisa M. Macieira 830 Ahmed A. Madar 831 Anja L. Madsen 832 Gladys E. Maestre 833 Stefania Maggi 834 Dianna J. Magliano 835 Sara Magnacca 836 Emmanuella Magriplis 837 Gowri Mahasampath 838 Bernard Maire 839 Marjeta Majer 840 Marcia Makdisse 841 Päivi Mäki 842 Fatemeh Malekzadeh 843 Reza Malekzadeh 844 Rahul Malhotra 845 Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao 846 Sofia K. Malyutina 847 Lynell V. Maniego 848 Yannis Manios 849 Masimango Imani Manix 850 Jim I. Mann 851 Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei 852 Taru Manyanga 853 Enzo Manzato 854 Anie Marcil 855 Paula Margozzini 856 Joany Mariño 857 Anastasia Markaki 858 Oonagh Markey 859 Eliza Markidou Ioannidou 860 Pedro Marques-Vidal 861 Larissa Pruner Marques 862 Jaume Marrugat 863 Yves Martin-Prevel 864 Rosemarie Martin 865 Reynaldo Martorell 866 Eva Martos 867 Katharina Maruszczak 868 Stefano Marventano 869 Giovanna Masala 870 Luis P. Mascarenhas 871 Shariq R. Masoodi 872 Ellisiv B. Mathiesen 873 Prashant Mathur 874 Alicia Matijasevich 875 Piotr Matłosz 876 Tandi E. Matsha 877 Victor Matsudo 878 Christina Mavrogianni 879 Artur Mazur 880 Jean Claude N. Mbanya 881 Shelly R. McFarlane 882 Stephen T. McGarvey 883 Martin McKee 884 Stela McLachlan 885 Rachael M. McLean 886 Scott B. McLean 887 Margaret L. McNairy 888 Breige A. McNulty 889 Sounnia Mediene Benchekor 890 Jurate Medzioniene 891 Parinaz Mehdipour 892 Kirsten Mehlig 893 Amir Houshang Mehrparvar 894 Aline Meirhaeghe 895 Jørgen Meisfjord 896 Christa Meisinger 897 Jesus D. Melgarejo 898 Marina Melkumova 899 João Mello 900 Fabián Méndez 901 Carlos O. Mendivil 902 Ana Maria B. Menezes 903 Geetha R. Menon 904 Gert B. M. Mensink 905 Maria Teresa Menzano 906 Indrapal I. Meshram 907 Diane T. Meto 908 Jie Mi 909 Kim F. Michaelsen 910 Nathalie Michels 911 Kairit Mikkel 912 Karolina Miłkowska 913 Jody C. Miller 914 Olga Milushkina 915 Cláudia S. Minderico 916 G. K. Mini 917 Juan Francisco Miquel 918 J. Jaime Miranda 919 Mohammad Reza Mirjalili 920 Daphne Mirkopoulou 921 Erkin Mirrakhimov 922 Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković 923 Antonio Mistretta 924 Veronica Mocanu 925 Pietro A. Modesti 926 Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam 927 Bahram Mohajer 928 Mostafa K. Mohamed 929 Shukri F. Mohamed 930 Kazem Mohammad 931 Mohammad Reza Mohammadi 932 Zahra Mohammadi 933 Noushin Mohammadifard 934 Reza Mohammadpourhodki 935 Viswanathan Mohan 936 Salim Mohanna 937 Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff 938 Iraj Mohebbi 939 Farnam Mohebi 940 Marie Moitry 941 Line T. Møllehave 942 Niels C. Møller 943 Dénes Molnár 944 Amirabbas Momenan 945 Charles K. Mondo 946 Roger A. Montenegro Mendoza 947 Eric Monterrubio-Flores 948 Kotsedi Daniel K. Monyeki 949 Jin Soo Moon 950 Mahmood Moosazadeh 951 Hermine T. Mopa 952 Farhad Moradpour 953 Leila B. Moreira 954 Alain Morejon 955 Luis A. Moreno 956 Francis Morey 957 Karen Morgan 958 Suzanne N. Morin 959 Erik Lykke Mortensen 960 George Moschonis 961 Alireza Moslem 962 Malgorzata Mossakowska 963 Aya Mostafa 964 Seyed-Ali Mostafavi 965 Anabela Mota-Pinto 966 Jorge Mota 967 Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh 968 Jorge Motta 969 Marcos André Moura-dos-Santos 970 Yeva Movsesyan 971 Kelias P. Msyamboza 972 Thet Thet Mu 973 Magdalena Muc 974 Florian Muca 975 Boban Mugoša 976 Maria L. Muiesan 977 Martina Müller-Nurasyid 978 Thomas Münzel 979 Jaakko Mursu 980 Elaine M. Murtagh 981 Kamarul Imran Musa 982 Sanja Musić Milanović 983 Vera Musil 984 Geofrey Musinguzi 985 Muel Telo M. C. Muyer 986 Iraj Nabipour 987 Shohreh Naderimagham 988 Gabriele Nagel 989 Farid Najafi 990 Harunobu Nakamura 991 Hanna Nalecz 992 Jana Námešná 993 Ei Ei K. Nang 994 Vinay B. Nangia 995 Martin Nankap 996 Sameer Narake 997 Paola Nardone 998 Take Naseri 999 Matthias Nauck 1000 William A. Neal 1001 Azim Nejatizadeh 1002 Chandini Nekkantti 1003 Keiu Nelis 1004 Ilona Nenko 1005 Martin Neovius 1006 Flavio Nervi 1007 Tze Pin Ng 1008 Chung T. Nguyen 1009 Nguyen D. Nguyen 1010 Quang Ngoc Nguyen 1011 Michael Y. Ni 1012 Rodica Nicolescu 1013 Peng Nie 1014 Ramfis E. Nieto-Martínez 1015 Yury P. Nikitin 1016 Guang Ning 1017 Toshiharu Ninomiya 1018 Nobuo Nishi 1019 Sania Nishtar 1020 Marianna Noale 1021 Oscar A. Noboa 1022 Helena Nogueira 1023 Maria Nordendahl 1024 Børge G. Nordestgaard 1025 Davide Noto 1026 Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska 1027 Mohannad Al Nsour 1028 Irfan Nuhoğlu 1029 Baltazar Nunes 1030 Eha Nurk 1031 Fred Nuwaha 1032 Moffat Nyirenda 1033 Terence W. O’Neill 1034 Dermot O’Reilly 1035 Galina Obreja 1036 Caleb Ochimana 1037 Angélica M. Ochoa-Avilés 1038 Eiji Oda 1039 Augustine N. Odili 1040 Kyungwon Oh 1041 Kumiko Ohara 1042 Claes Ohlsson 1043 Ryutaro Ohtsuka 1044 Örn Olafsson 1045 Maria Teresa A. Olinto 1046 Isabel O. Oliveira 1047 Mohd Azahadi Omar 1048 Saeed M. Omar 1049 Altan Onat 1050 Sok King Ong 1051 N. Charlotte Onland-Moret 1052 Lariane M. Ono 1053 Pedro Ordunez 1054 Rui Ornelas 1055 Ana P. Ortiz 1056 Pedro J. Ortiz 1057 Merete Osler 1058 Clive Osmond 1059 Sergej M. Ostojic 1060 Afshin Ostovar 1061 Johanna A. Otero 1062 Kim Overvad 1063 Ellis Owusu-Dabo 1064 Fred Michel Paccaud 1065 Ioannis Pagkalos 1066 Elena Pahomova 1067 Karina Mary de Paiva 1068 Andrzej Pająk 1069 Alberto Palloni 1070 Luigi Palmieri 1071 Wen-Harn Pan 1072 Songhomitra Panda-Jonas 1073 Arvind Pandey 1074 Francesco Panza 1075 Mariela Paoli 1076 Sousana K. Papadopoulou 1077 Dimitrios Papandreou 1078 Rossina G. Pareja 1079 Soon-Woo Park 1080 Suyeon Park 1081 Winsome R. Parnell 1082 Mahboubeh Parsaeian 1083 Ionela M. Pascanu 1084 Patrick Pasquet 1085 Nikhil D. Patel 1086 Marcos Pattussi 1087 Halyna Pavlyshyn 1088 Raimund Pechlaner 1089 Ivan Pećin 1090 Mangesh S. Pednekar 1091 João M. Pedro 1092 Nasheeta Peer 1093 Sergio Viana Peixoto 1094 Markku Peltonen 1095 Alexandre C. Pereira 1096 Marco A. Peres 1097 Cynthia M. Pérez 1098 Valentina Peterkova 1099 Annette Peters 1100 Astrid Petersmann 1101 Janina Petkeviciene 1102 Ausra Petrauskiene 1103 Olga Petrovna Kovtun 1104 Emanuela Pettenuzzo 1105 Niloofar Peykari 1106 Norbert Pfeiffer 1107 Modou Cheyassin Phall 1108 Son Thai Pham 1109 Rafael N. Pichardo 1110 Daniela Pierannunzio 1111 Iris Pigeot 1112 Hynek Pikhart 1113 Aida Pilav 1114 Lorenza Pilotto 1115 Francesco Pistelli 1116 Freda Pitakaka 1117 Aleksandra Piwonska 1118 Andreia N. Pizarro 1119 Pedro Plans-Rubió 1120 Alina G. Platonova 1121 Bee Koon Poh 1122 Hermann Pohlabeln 1123 Nadija S. Polka 1124 Raluca M. Pop 1125 Stevo R. Popovic 1126 Miquel Porta 1127 Georg Posch 1128 Anil Poudyal 1129 Dimitrios Poulimeneas 1130 Hamed Pouraram 1131 Farhad Pourfarzi 1132 Akram Pourshams 1133 Hossein Poustchi 1134 Rajendra Pradeepa 1135 Alison J. Price 1136 Jacqueline F. Price 1137 Antonio Prista 1138 Rui Providencia 1139 Jardena J. Puder 1140 Iveta Pudule 1141 Maria Puiu 1142 Margus Punab 1143 Muhammed S. Qadir 1144 Radwan F. Qasrawi 1145 Mostafa Qorbani 1146 Hedley K. Quintana 1147 Pedro J. Quiroga-Padilla 1148 Tran Quoc Bao 1149 Stefan Rach 1150 Ivana Radic 1151 Ricardas Radisauskas 1152 Salar Rahimikazerooni 1153 Mahfuzar Rahman 1154 Mahmudur Rahman 1155 Olli Raitakari 1156 Manu Raj 1157 Tamerlan Rajabov 1158 Sherali Rakhmatulloev 1159 Ivo Rakovac 1160 Sudha Ramachandra Rao 1161 Ambady Ramachandran 1162 Otim P. C. Ramadan 1163 Virgílio V. Ramires 1164 Jacqueline Ramke 1165 Elisabete Ramos 1166 Rafel Ramos 1167 Lekhraj Rampal 1168 Sanjay Rampal 1169 Lalka S. Rangelova 1170 Vayia Rarra 1171 Ramon A. Rascon-Pacheco 1172 Cassiano Ricardo Rech 1173 Josep Redon 1174 Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit 1175 Valéria Regecová 1176 Jane D. P. Renner 1177 Judit A. Repasy 1178 Cézane P. Reuter 1179 Luis Revilla 1180 Abbas Rezaianzadeh 1181 Yeunsook Rho 1182 Lourdes Ribas-Barba 1183 Robespierre Ribeiro 1184 Elio Riboli 1185 Adrian Richter 1186 Fernando Rigo 1187 Attilio Rigotti 1188 Natascia Rinaldo 1189 Tobias F. Rinke de Wit 1190 Ana I. Rito 1191 Raphael M. Ritti-Dias 1192 Juan A. Rivera 1193 Reina G. Roa 1194 Louise Robinson 1195 Cynthia Robitaille 1196 Romana Roccaldo 1197 Daniela Rodrigues 1198 Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo 1199 María del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez 1200 Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar 1201 Andrea Y. Rodríguez 1202 Ulla Roggenbuck 1203 Peter Rohloff 1204 Fabian Rohner 1205 Rosalba Rojas-Martinez 1206 Nipa Rojroongwasinkul 1207 Dora Romaguera 1208 Elisabetta L. Romeo 1209 Rafaela V. Rosario 1210 Annika Rosengren 1211 Ian Rouse 1212 Vanessa Rouzier 1213 Joel G. R. Roy 1214 Maira H. Ruano 1215 Adolfo Rubinstein 1216 Frank J. Rühli 1217 Jean-Bernard Ruidavets 1218 Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt 1219 Maria Ruiz-Castell 1220 Emma Ruiz Moreno 1221 Iuliia A. Rusakova 1222 Kenisha Russell Jonsson 1223 Paola Russo 1224 Petra Rust 1225 Marcin Rutkowski 1226 Marge Saamel 1227 Charumathi Sabanayagam 1228 Hamideh Sabbaghi 1229 Elena Sacchini 1230 Harshpal S. Sachdev 1231 Alireza Sadjadi 1232 Ali Reza Safarpour 1233 Sare Safi 1234 Saeid Safiri 1235 Mohammad Hossien Saghi 1236 Olfa Saidi 1237 Nader Saki 1238 Sanja Šalaj 1239 Benoit Salanave 1240 Eduardo Salazar Martinez 1241 Calogero Saleva 1242 Diego Salmerón 1243 Veikko Salomaa 1244 Jukka T. Salonen 1245 Massimo Salvetti 1246 Margarita Samoutian 1247 Jose Sánchez-Abanto 1248 Inés Sánchez Rodríguez 1249 Sandjaja 1250 Susana Sans 1251 Loreto Santa Marina 1252 Ethel Santacruz 1253 Diana A. Santos 1254 Ina S. Santos 1255 Lèlita C. Santos 1256 Maria Paula Santos 1257 Osvaldo Santos 1258 Rute Santos 1259 Tamara R. Santos 1260 Jouko L. Saramies 1261 Luis B. Sardinha 1262 Nizal Sarrafzadegan 1263 Thirunavukkarasu Sathish 1264 Kai-Uwe Saum 1265 Savvas Savva 1266 Mathilde Savy 1267 Norie Sawada 1268 Mariana Sbaraini 1269 Marcia Scazufca 1270 Beatriz D. Schaan 1271 Angelika Schaffrath Rosario 1272 Herman Schargrodsky 1273 Anja Schienkiewitz 1274 Karin Schindler 1275 Sabine Schipf 1276 Carsten O. Schmidt 1277 Ida Maria Schmidt 1278 Andrea Schneider 1279 Peter Schnohr 1280 Ben Schöttker 1281 Sara Schramm 1282 Stine Schramm 1283 Helmut Schröder 1284 Constance Schultsz 1285 Matthias B. Schulze 1286 Aletta E. Schutte 1287 Sylvain Sebert 1288 Moslem Sedaghattalab 1289 Rusidah Selamat 1290 Vedrana Sember 1291 Abhijit Sen 1292 Idowu O. Senbanjo 1293 Sadaf G. Sepanlou 1294 Guillermo Sequera 1295 Luis Serra-Majem 1296 Jennifer Servais 1297 Ľudmila Ševčíková 1298 Svetlana Shalnova 1299 Teresa Shamah-Levy 1300 Seyed Morteza Shamshirgaran 1301 Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani 1302 Maryam Sharafkhah 1303 Sanjib K. Sharma 1304 Jonathan E. Shaw 1305 Amaneh Shayanrad 1306 Ali Akbar Shayesteh 1307 Lela Shengelia 1308 Zumin Shi 1309 Kenji Shibuya 1310 Hana Shimizu-Furusawa 1311 Tal Shimony 1312 Rahman Shiri 1313 Namuna Shrestha 1314 Khairil Si-Ramlee 1315 Alfonso Siani 1316 Rosalynn Siantar 1317 Abla M. Sibai 1318 Labros S. Sidossis 1319 Natalia Silitrari 1320 Antonio M. Silva 1321 Caroline Ramos de Moura Silva 1322 Diego Augusto Santos Silva 1323 Kelly S. Silva 1324 Xueling Sim 1325 Mary Simon 1326 Judith Simons 1327 Leon A. Simons 1328 Agneta Sjöberg 1329 Michael Sjöström 1330 Natalia A. Skoblina 1331 Gry Skodje 1332 Tatyana Slazhnyova 1333 Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer 1334 Przemysław Slusarczyk 1335 Liam Smeeth 1336 Hung-Kwan So 1337 Fernanda Cunha Soares 1338 Grzegorz Sobek 1339 Eugène Sobngwi 1340 Morten Sodemann 1341 Stefan Söderberg 1342 Moesijanti Y. E. Soekatri 1343 Agustinus Soemantri 1344 Reecha Sofat 1345 Vincenzo Solfrizzi 1346 Mohammad Hossein Somi 1347 Emily Sonestedt 1348 Yi Song 1349 Sajid Soofi 1350 Thorkild I. A. Sørensen 1351 Elin P. Sørgjerd 1352 Charles Sossa Jérome 1353 Victoria E. Soto-Rojas 1354 Aïcha Soumaré 1355 Alfonso Sousa-Poza 1356 Slavica Sovic 1357 Bente Sparboe-Nilsen 1358 Karen Sparrenberger 1359 Phoebe R. Spencer 1360 Angela Spinelli 1361 Igor Spiroski 1362 Jan A. Staessen 1363 Hanspeter Stamm 1364 Kaspar Staub 1365 Bill Stavreski 1366 Jostein Steene-Johannessen 1367 Peter Stehle 1368 Aryeh D. Stein 1369 George S. Stergiou 1370 Jochanan Stessman 1371 Ranko Stevanović 1372 Jutta Stieber 1373 Doris Stöckl 1374 Jakub Stokwiszewski 1375 Ekaterina Stoyanova 1376 Gareth Stratton 0000-0001-5618-0803 1377 Karien Stronks 1378 Maria Wany Strufaldi 1379 Lela Sturua 1380 Ramón Suárez-Medina 1381 Machi Suka 1382 Chien-An Sun 1383 Liang Sun 1384 Johan Sundström 1385 Yn-Tz Sung 1386 Jordi Sunyer 1387 Paibul Suriyawongpaisal 1388 Nabil William G. Sweis 1389 Boyd A. Swinburn 1390 Rody G. Sy 1391 René Charles Sylva 1392 Moyses Szklo 1393 Lucjan Szponar 1394 Lorraine Tabone 1395 E. Shyong Tai 1396 Konstantinos D. Tambalis 1397 Mari-Liis Tammesoo 1398 Abdonas Tamosiunas 1399 Eng Joo Tan 1400 Xun Tang 1401 Maya Tanrygulyyeva 1402 Frank Tanser 1403 Yong Tao 1404 Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh 1405 Jakob Tarp 1406 Carolina B. Tarqui-Mamani 1407 Radka Taxová Braunerová 1408 Anne Taylor 1409 Julie Taylor 1410 Félicité Tchibindat 1411 Saskia Te Velde 1412 William R. Tebar 1413 Grethe S. Tell 1414 Tania Tello 1415 Yih Chung Tham 1416 K. R. Thankappan 1417 Holger Theobald 1418 Xenophon Theodoridis 1419 Nihal Thomas 1420 Barbara Thorand 1421 Betina H. Thuesen 1422 Ľubica Tichá 1423 Erik J. Timmermans 1424 Dwi H. Tjandrarini 1425 Anne Tjonneland 1426 Hanna K. Tolonen 1427 Janne S. Tolstrup 1428 Murat Topbas 1429 Roman Topór-Mądry 1430 Liv Elin Torheim 1431 María José Tormo 1432 Michael J. Tornaritis 1433 Maties Torrent 1434 Laura Torres-Collado 1435 Stefania Toselli 1436 Giota Touloumi 1437 Pierre Traissac 1438 Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran 1439 Mark S. Tremblay 1440 Areti Triantafyllou 1441 Dimitrios Trichopoulos 1442 Antonia Trichopoulou 1443 Oanh T. H. Trinh 1444 Atul Trivedi 1445 Yu-Hsiang Tsao 1446 Lechaba Tshepo 1447 Maria Tsigga 1448 Panagiotis Tsintavis 1449 Shoichiro Tsugane 1450 John Tuitele 1451 Azaliia M. Tuliakova 1452 Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid 1453 Fikru Tullu 1454 Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen 1455 Jaakko Tuomilehto 1456 Maria L. Turley 1457 Gilad Twig 1458 Per Tynelius 1459 Evangelia Tzala 1460 Themistoklis Tzotzas 1461 Christophe Tzourio 1462 Peter Ueda 1463 Eunice Ugel 1464 Flora A. M. Ukoli 1465 Hanno Ulmer 1466 Belgin Unal 1467 Zhamyila Usupova 1468 Hannu M. T. Uusitalo 1469 Nalan Uysal 1470 Justina Vaitkeviciute 1471 Gonzalo Valdivia 1472 Susana Vale 1473 Damaskini Valvi 1474 Rob M. van Dam 1475 Bert-Jan van den Born 1476 Johan Van der Heyden 1477 Yvonne T. van der Schouw 1478 Koen Van Herck 1479 Wendy Van Lippevelde 1480 Hoang Van Minh 1481 Natasja M. Van Schoor 1482 Irene G. M. van Valkengoed 1483 Dirk Vanderschueren 1484 Diego Vanuzzo 1485 Anette Varbo 1486 Gregorio Varela-Moreiras 1487 Luz Nayibe Vargas 1488 Patricia Varona-Pérez 1489 Senthil K. Vasan 1490 Daniel G. Vasques 1491 Tomas Vega 1492 Toomas Veidebaum 1493 Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez 1494 Biruta Velika 1495 Maïté Verloigne 1496 Giovanni Veronesi 1497 W. M. Monique Verschuren 1498 Cesar G. Victora 1499 Giovanni Viegi 1500 Lucie Viet 1501 Frøydis N. Vik 1502 Monica Vilar 1503 Salvador Villalpando 1504 Jesus Vioque 1505 Jyrki K. Virtanen 1506 Sophie Visvikis-Siest 1507 Bharathi Viswanathan 1508 Mihaela Vladulescu 1509 Tiina Vlasoff 1510 Dorja Vocanec 1511 Peter Vollenweider 1512 Henry Völzke 1513 Ari Voutilainen 1514 Martine Vrijheid 1515 Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte 1516 Alisha N. Wade 1517 Thomas Waldhör 1518 Janette Walton 1519 Elvis O. A. Wambiya 1520 Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar 1521 Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud 1522 Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior 1523 Ming-Dong Wang 1524 Ningli Wang 1525 Qian Wang 1526 Xiangjun Wang 1527 Ya Xing Wang 1528 Ying-Wei Wang 1529 S. Goya Wannamethee 1530 Nicholas Wareham 1531 Adelheid Weber 1532 Karen Webster-Kerr 1533 Niels Wedderkopp 1534 Daniel Weghuber 1535 Wenbin Wei 1536 Aneta Weres 1537 Bo Werner 1538 Leo D. Westbury 1539 Peter H. Whincup 1540 Kremlin Wickramasinghe 1541 Kurt Widhalm 1542 Indah S. Widyahening 1543 Andrzej Więcek 1544 Philipp S. Wild 1545 Rainford J. Wilks 1546 Johann Willeit 1547 Peter Willeit 1548 Julianne Williams 1549 Tom Wilsgaard 1550 Rusek Wojciech 1551 Bogdan Wojtyniak 1552 Kathrin Wolf 1553 Roy A. Wong-McClure 1554 Andrew Wong 1555 Emily B. Wong 1556 Jyh Eiin Wong 1557 Tien Yin Wong 1558 Jean Woo 1559 Mark Woodward 1560 Frederick C. Wu 1561 Hon-Yen Wu 1562 Jianfeng Wu 1563 Li Juan Wu 1564 Shouling Wu 1565 Justyna Wyszyńska 1566 Haiquan Xu 1567 Liang Xu 1568 Nor Azwany Yaacob 1569 Uruwan Yamborisut 1570 Weili Yan 1571 Ling Yang 1572 Xiaoguang Yang 1573 Yang Yang 1574 Nazan Yardim 1575 Tabara Yasuharu 1576 Martha Yépez García 1577 Panayiotis K. Yiallouros 1578 Agneta Yngve 1579 Moein Yoosefi 1580 Akihiro Yoshihara 1581 Qi Sheng You 1582 San-Lin You 1583 Novie O. Younger-Coleman 1584 Yu-Ling Yu 1585 Yunjiang Yu 1586 Safiah Md Yusof 1587 Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff 1588 Luciana Zaccagni 1589 Vassilis Zafiropulos 1590 Ahmad A. Zainuddin 1591 Seyed Rasoul Zakavi 1592 Farhad Zamani 1593 Sabina Zambon 1594 Antonis Zampelas 1595 Hana Zamrazilová 1596 Maria Elisa Zapata 1597 Abdul Hamid Zargar 1598 Ko Ko Zaw 1599 Ayman A. Zayed 1600 Tomasz Zdrojewski 1601 Magdalena Żegleń 1602 Kristyna Zejglicova 1603 Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic 1604 Yi Zeng 1605 Luxia Zhang 1606 Zhen-Yu Zhang 1607 Dong Zhao 1608 Ming-Hui Zhao 1609 Wenhua Zhao 1610 Yanitsa V. Zhecheva 1611 Shiqi Zhen 1612 Wei Zheng 1613 Yingfeng Zheng 1614 Bekbolat Zholdin 1615 Maigeng Zhou 1616 Dan Zhu 1617 Marie Zins 1618 Emanuel Zitt 1619 Yanina Zocalo 1620 Nada Zoghlami 1621 Julio Zuñiga Cisneros 1622 Monika Zuziak 1623 Zulfiqar A. Bhutta 1624 Robert E. Black 1625 Majid Ezzati 0000-0002-2109-8081 1626 63053__26957__c41e738b4c25483890c611ff8aa82926.pdf 63053.pdf 2023-03-31T11:41:44.0087007 Output 26687388 application/pdf Version of Record true Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
spellingShingle Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
Gareth Stratton
title_short Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
title_full Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
title_fullStr Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
title_full_unstemmed Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
title_sort Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
author_id_str_mv 6d62b2ed126961bed81a94a2beba8a01
author_id_fullname_str_mv 6d62b2ed126961bed81a94a2beba8a01_***_Gareth Stratton
author Gareth Stratton
author2 Anu Mishra
Bin Zhou
Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez
Honor Bixby
Rosie K. Singleton
Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco
Kate E. Sheffer
Christopher J. Paciorek
James E. Bennett
Victor Lhoste
Maria L. C. Iurilli
Mariachiara Di Cesare
James Bentham
Nowell H. Phelps
Marisa K. Sophiea
Gretchen A. Stevens
Goodarz Danaei
Melanie J. Cowan
Stefan Savin
Leanne M. Riley
Edward W. Gregg
Wichai Aekplakorn
Noor Ani Ahmad
Jennifer L. Baker
Adela Chirita-Emandi
Farshad Farzadfar
Günther Fink
Mirjam Heinen
Nayu Ikeda
Andre P. Kengne
Young-Ho Khang
Tiina Laatikainen
Avula Laxmaiah
Jun Ma
Michele Monroy-Valle
Malay K. Mridha
Cristina P. Padez
Andrew Reynolds
Maroje Sorić
Gregor Starc
James P. Wirth
Leandra Abarca-Gómez
Ziad A. Abdeen
Shynar Abdrakhmanova
Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar
Hanan F. Abdul Rahim
Zulfiya Abdurrahmonova
Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh
Jamila Abubakar Garba
Benjamin Acosta-Cazares
Ishag Adam
Marzena Adamczyk
Robert J. Adams
Seth Adu-Afarwuah
Kaosar Afsana
Shoaib Afzal
Valirie N. Agbor
Imelda A. Agdeppa
Javad Aghazadeh-Attari
Hassan Aguenaou
Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas
Charles Agyemang
Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad
Ali Ahmadi
Naser Ahmadi
Nastaran Ahmadi
Imran Ahmed
Soheir H. Ahmed
Wolfgang Ahrens
Gulmira Aitmurzaeva
Kamel Ajlouni
Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa
Badreya Al-Lahou
Rajaa Al-Raddadi
Huda M. Al Hourani
Nawal M. Al Qaoud
Monira Alarouj
Fadia AlBuhairan
Shahla AlDhukair
Maryam A. Aldwairji
Sylvia Alexius
Mohamed M. Ali
Abdullah Alkandari
Ala’a Alkerwi
Buthaina M. Alkhatib
Kristine Allin
Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol
Eman Aly
Deepak N. Amarapurkar
Pilar Amiano Etxezarreta
John Amoah
Norbert Amougou
Philippe Amouyel
Lars Bo Andersen
Sigmund A. Anderssen
Odysseas Androutsos
Lars Ängquist
Ranjit Mohan Anjana
Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam
Elena Anufrieva
Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri
Joana Araújo
Inger Ariansen
Tahir Aris
Raphael E. Arku
Nimmathota Arlappa
Krishna K. Aryal
Nega Aseffa
Thor Aspelund
Felix K. Assah
Batyrbek Assembekov
Maria Cecília F. Assunção
May Soe Aung
Juha Auvinen
Mária Avdičová
Shina Avi
Ana Azevedo
Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
Fereidoun Azizi
Mehrdad Azmin
Bontha V. Babu
Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen
Azli Baharudin
Suhad Bahijri
Marta Bakacs
Nagalla Balakrishna
Yulia Balanova
Mohamed Bamoshmoosh
Maciej Banach
José R. Banegas
Joanna Baran
Rafał Baran
Carlo M. Barbagallo
Valter Barbosa Filho
Alberto Barceló
Maja Baretić
Amina Barkat
Joaquin Barnoya
Lena Barrera
Marta Barreto
Aluisio J. D. Barros
Mauro Virgílio Gomes Barros
Anna Bartosiewicz
Abdul Basit
Joao Luiz D. Bastos
Iqbal Bata
Anwar M. Batieha
Aline P. Batista
Rosangela L. Batista
Zhamilya Battakova
Louise A. Baur
Pascal M. Bayauli
Robert Beaglehole
Silvia Bel-Serrat
Antonisamy Belavendra
Habiba Ben Romdhane
Judith Benedics
Mikhail Benet
Gilda Estela Benitez Rolandi
Elling Bere
Ingunn Holden Bergh
Yemane Berhane
Salim Berkinbayev
Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
Gailute Bernotiene
Ximena Berrios Carrasola
Heloísa Bettiol
Manfred E. Beutel
Augustin F. Beybey
Jorge Bezerra
Aroor Bhagyalaxmi
Sumit Bharadwaj
Santosh K. Bhargava
Hongsheng Bi
Yufang Bi
Daniel Bia
Katia Biasch
Elysée Claude Bika Lele
Mukharram M. Bikbov
Bihungum Bista
Dusko J. Bjelica
Anne A. Bjerregaard
Peter Bjerregaard
Espen Bjertness
Marius B. Bjertness
Cecilia Björkelund
Katia V. Bloch
Anneke Blokstra
Moran Blychfeld Magnazu
Simona Bo
Martin Bobak
Lynne M. Boddy
Bernhard O. Boehm
Jolanda M. A. Boer
Jose G. Boggia
Elena Bogova
Carlos P. Boissonnet
Stig E. Bojesen
Marialaura Bonaccio
Vanina Bongard
Alice Bonilla-Vargas
Matthias Bopp
Herman Borghs
Pascal Bovet
Khadichamo Boymatova
Lien Braeckevelt
Lutgart Braeckman
Marjolijn C. E. Bragt
Imperia Brajkovich
Francesco Branca
Juergen Breckenkamp
João Breda
Hermann Brenner
Lizzy M. Brewster
Garry R. Brian
Yajaira Briceño
Lacramioara Brinduse
Miguel Brito
Sinead Brophy
Johannes Brug
Graziella Bruno
Anna Bugge
Frank Buntinx
Marta Buoncristiano
Genc Burazeri
Con Burns
Antonio Cabrera de León
Joseph Cacciottolo
Hui Cai
Roberta B. Caixeta
Tilema Cama
Christine Cameron
José Camolas
Günay Can
Ana Paula C. Cândido
Felicia Cañete
Mario V. Capanzana
Naděžda Čapková
Eduardo Capuano
Rocco Capuano
Vincenzo Capuano
Marloes Cardol
Viviane C. Cardoso
Axel C. Carlsson
Esteban Carmuega
Joana Carvalho
José A. Casajús
Felipe F. Casanueva
Maribel Casas
Ertugrul Celikcan
Laura Censi
Marvin Cervantes‐Loaiza
Juraci A. Cesar
Snehalatha Chamukuttan
Angelique Chan
Queenie Chan
Himanshu K. Chaturvedi
Nish Chaturvedi
Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim
Miao Li Chee
Chien-Jen Chen
Fangfang Chen
Huashuai Chen
Shuohua Chen
Zhengming Chen
Ching-Yu Cheng
Yiling J. Cheng
Bahman Cheraghian
Angela Chetrit
Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener
Mai J. M. Chinapaw
Anne Chinnock
Arnaud Chiolero
Shu-Ti Chiou
María-Dolores Chirlaque
Belong Cho
Kaare Christensen
Diego G. Christofaro
Jerzy Chudek
Renata Cifkova
Michelle Cilia
Eliza Cinteza
Massimo Cirillo
Frank Claessens
Janine Clarke
Els Clays
Emmanuel Cohen
Laura-María Compañ-Gabucio
Hans Concin
Susana C. Confortin
Cyrus Cooper
Tara C. Coppinger
Eva Corpeleijn
Lilia Yadira Cortés
Simona Costanzo
Dominique Cottel
Chris Cowell
Cora L. Craig
Amelia C. Crampin
Amanda J. Cross
Ana B. Crujeiras
Juan J. Cruz
Tamás Csányi
Semánová Csilla
Alexandra M. Cucu
Liufu Cui
Felipe V. Cureau
Sarah Cuschieri
Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska
Graziella D’Arrigo
Eleonora d’Orsi
Liliana Dacica
Jean Dallongeville
Albertino Damasceno
Camilla T. Damsgaard
Rachel Dankner
Thomas M. Dantoft
Parasmani Dasgupta
Saeed Dastgiri
Luc Dauchet
Kairat Davletov
Maria Alice Altenburg de Assis
Guy De Backer
Dirk De Bacquer
Amalia De Curtis
Patrícia de Fragas Hinnig
Giovanni de Gaetano
Stefaan De Henauw
Pilar De Miguel-Etayo
Paula Duarte de Oliveira
David De Ridder
Karin De Ridder
Susanne R. de Rooij
Delphine De Smedt
Mohan Deepa
Alexander D. Deev
Vincent DeGennaro
Hélène Delisle
Francis Delpeuch
Stefaan Demarest
Elaine Dennison
Katarzyna Dereń
Valérie Deschamps
Meghnath Dhimal
Augusto Di Castelnuovo
Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa
María Elena Díaz-Sánchez
Alejandro Diaz
Pedro Díaz Fernández
María Pilar Díez Ripollés
Zivka Dika
Shirin Djalalinia
Visnja Djordjic
Ha T. P. Do
Annette J. Dobson
Liria Dominguez
Maria Benedetta Donati
Chiara Donfrancesco
Guanghui Dong
Yanhui Dong
Silvana P. Donoso
Angela Döring
Maria Dorobantu
Ahmad Reza Dorosty
Kouamelan Doua
Nico Dragano
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Jia Li Duan
Charmaine A. Duante
Priscilla Duboz
Vesselka L. Duleva
Virginija Dulskiene
Samuel C. Dumith
Anar Dushpanova
Azhar Dyussupova
Vilnis Dzerve
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Guadalupe Echeverría
Ricky Eddie
Ebrahim Eftekhar
Eruke E. Egbagbe
Robert Eggertsen
Sareh Eghtesad
Gabriele Eiben
Ulf Ekelund
Mohammad El-Khateeb
Laila El Ammari
Jalila El Ati
Denise Eldemire-Shearer
Marie Eliasen
Paul Elliott
Ronit Endevelt
Reina Engle-Stone
Rajiv T. Erasmus
Raimund Erbel
Cihangir Erem
Gul Ergor
Louise Eriksen
Johan G. Eriksson
Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña
Saeid Eslami
Ali Esmaeili
Alun Evans
David Faeh
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Albina A. Fakhretdinova
Caroline H. Fall
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Mojtaba Farjam
Victoria Farrugia Sant’Angelo
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Asher Fawwad
Wafaie W. Fawzi
Edit Feigl
Francisco J. Felix-Redondo
Trevor S. Ferguson
Romulo A. Fernandes
Daniel Fernández-Bergés
Daniel Ferrante
Thomas Ferrao
Gerson Ferrari
Marika Ferrari
Marco M. Ferrario
Catterina Ferreccio
Haroldo S. Ferreira
Eldridge Ferrer
Jean Ferrieres
Thamara Hubler Figueiró
Anna Fijalkowska
Mauro Fisberg
Krista Fischer
Leng Huat Foo
Maria Forsner
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Damian K. Francis
Maria do Carmo Franco
Zlatko Fras
Guillermo Frontera
Flavio D. Fuchs
Sandra C. Fuchs
Isti I. Fujiati
Yuki Fujita
Matsuda Fumihiko
Viktoriya Furdela
Takuro Furusawa
Zbigniew Gaciong
Mihai Gafencu
Manuel Galán Cuesta
Andrzej Galbarczyk
Henrike Galenkamp
Daniela Galeone
Myriam Galfo
Fabio Galvano
Jingli Gao
Pei Gao
Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera
María José García Mérida
Marta García Solano
Dickman Gareta
Sarah P. Garnett
Jean-Michel Gaspoz
Magda Gasull
Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya
Anelise Reis Gaya
Andrea Gazzinelli
Ulrike Gehring
Harald Geiger
Johanna M. Geleijnse
Ronnie George
Ebrahim Ghaderi
Ali Ghanbari
Erfan Ghasemi
Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea
Alessandro Gialluisi
Simona Giampaoli
Francesco Gianfagna
Christian Gieger
Tiffany K. Gill
Jonathan Giovannelli
Glen Gironella
Aleksander Giwercman
Konstantinos Gkiouras
Natalya Glushkova
Natalja Gluškova
Ramesh Godara
Justyna Godos
Sibel Gogen
Marcel Goldberg
David Goltzman
Georgina Gómez
Jesús Humberto Gómez Gómez
Luis F. Gomez
Santiago F. Gómez
Aleksandra Gomula
Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva
Helen Gonçalves
Mauer Gonçalves
Ana D. González-Alvarez
David A. Gonzalez-Chica
Esther M. González-Gil
Marcela Gonzalez-Gross
Margot González-Leon
Juan P. González-Rivas
Clicerio González-Villalpando
María-Elena González-Villalpando
Angel R. Gonzalez
Frederic Gottrand
Antonio Pedro Graça
Sidsel Graff-Iversen
Dušan Grafnetter
Aneta Grajda
Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
Ronald D. Gregor
Maria João Gregório
Else Karin Grøholt
Anders Grøntved
Giuseppe Grosso
Gabriella Gruden
Dongfeng Gu
Viviana Guajardo
Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
Pilar Guallar-Castillón
Andrea Gualtieri
Elias F. Gudmundsson
Vilmundur Gudnason
Ramiro Guerrero
Idris Guessous
Andre L. Guimaraes
Martin C. Gulliford
Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir
Marc J. Gunter
Xiu-Hua Guo
Yin Guo
Prakash C. Gupta
Rajeev Gupta
Oye Gureje
Enrique Gutiérrez González
Laura Gutierrez
Felix Gutzwiller
Xinyi Gwee
Seongjun Ha
Farzad Hadaegh
Charalambos A. Hadjigeorgiou
Rosa Haghshenas
Hamid Hakimi
Jytte Halkjær
Ian R. Hambleton
Behrooz Hamzeh
Willem A. Hanekom
Dominique Hange
Abu A. M. Hanif
Sari Hantunen
Jie Hao
Carla Menêses Hardman
Rachakulla Hari Kumar
Tina Harmer Lassen
Javad Harooni
Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri
Maria Hassapidou
Jun Hata
Teresa Haugsgjerd
Alison J. Hayes
Jiang He
Yuan He
Yuna He
Regina Heidinger-Felső
Margit Heier
Tatjana Hejgaard
Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks
Rafael dos Santos Henrique
Ana Henriques
Leticia Hernandez Cadena
Sauli Herrala
Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
Victor M. Herrera
Isabelle Herter-Aeberli
Karl-Heinz Herzig
Ramin Heshmat
Allan G. Hill
Sai Yin Ho
Suzanne C. Ho
Michael Hobbs
Doroteia A. Höfelmann
Michelle Holdsworth
Reza Homayounfar
Clara Homs
Wilma M. Hopman
Andrea R. V. R. Horimoto
Claudia M. Hormiga
Bernardo L. Horta
Leila Houti
Christina Howitt
Thein Thein Htay
Aung Soe Htet
Maung Maung Than Htike
Yonghua Hu
José María Huerta
Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi
Laetitia Huiart
Constanta Huidumac Petrescu
Martijn Huisman
Abdullatif Husseini
Chinh Nguyen Huu
Inge Huybrechts
Nahla Hwalla
Jolanda Hyska
Licia Iacoviello
Ellina M. Iakupova
Jesús M. Ibarluzea
Mohsen M. Ibrahim
Norazizah Ibrahim Wong
M. Arfan Ikram
Carmen Iñiguez
Violeta Iotova
Vilma E. Irazola
Takafumi Ishida
Godsent C. Isiguzo
Muhammad Islam
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
Duygu Islek
Ivaila Y. Ivanova-Pandourska
Masanori Iwasaki
Tuija Jääskeläinen
Rod T. Jackson
Jeremy M. Jacobs
Michel Jadoul
Tazeen Jafar
Bakary Jallow
Kenneth James
Kazi M. Jamil
Konrad Jamrozik
Anna Jansson
Imre Janszky
Edward Janus
Juel Jarani
Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
Grazyna Jasienska
Ana Jelaković
Bojan Jelaković
Garry Jennings
Chao Qiang Jiang
Ramon O. Jimenez
Karl-Heinz Jöckel
Michel Joffres
Jari J. Jokelainen
Jost B. Jonas
Jitendra Jonnagaddala
Torben Jørgensen
Pradeep Joshi
Josipa Josipović
Farahnaz Joukar
Jacek J. Jóźwiak
Debra S. Judge
Anne Juolevi
Gregor Jurak
Iulia Jurca Simina
Vesna Juresa
Rudolf Kaaks
Felix O. Kaducu
Anthony Kafatos
Mónika Kaj
Eero O. Kajantie
Natia Kakutia
Daniela Kállayová
Zhanna Kalmatayeva
Ofra Kalter-Leibovici
Yves Kameli
Freja B. Kampmann
Kodanda R. Kanala
Srinivasan Kannan
Efthymios Kapantais
Eva Karaglani
Argyro Karakosta
Line L. Kårhus
Khem B. Karki
Philippe B. Katchunga
Marzieh Katibeh
Joanne Katz
Peter T. Katzmarzyk
Jussi Kauhanen
Prabhdeep Kaur
Maryam Kavousi
Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva
François F. Kaze
Calvin Ke
Ulrich Keil
Lital Keinan Boker
Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
Roya Kelishadi
Cecily Kelleher
Han C. G. Kemper
Maryam Keramati
Alina Kerimkulova
Mathilde Kersting
Timothy Key
Yousef Saleh Khader
Arsalan Khaledifar
Davood Khalili
Kay-Tee Khaw
Bahareh Kheiri
Motahareh Kheradmand
Alireza Khosravi
Ilse M. S. L. Khouw
Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
Sophia J. Kiechl
Stefan Kiechl
Japhet Killewo
Hyeon Chang Kim
Jeongseon Kim
Jenny M. Kindblom
Andrew Kingston
Heidi Klakk
Magdalena Klimek
Jeannette Klimont
Jurate Klumbiene
Michael Knoflach
Bhawesh Koirala
Elin Kolle
Patrick Kolsteren
Jürgen König
Raija Korpelainen
Paul Korrovits
Magdalena Korzycka
Jelena Kos
Seppo Koskinen
Katsuyasu Kouda
Éva Kovács
Viktoria Anna Kovacs
Irina Kovalskys
Sudhir Kowlessur
Slawomir Koziel
Jana Kratenova
Wolfgang Kratzer
Vilma Kriaucioniene
Susi Kriemler
Peter Lund Kristensen
Helena Krizan
Maria F. Kroker-Lobos
Steinar Krokstad
Daan Kromhout
Herculina S. Kruger
Ruan Kruger
Łukasz Kryst
Ruzena Kubinova
Renata Kuciene
Urho M. Kujala
Enisa Kujundzic
Zbigniew Kulaga
Mukhtar Kulimbet
R. Krishna Kumar
Marie Kunešová
Pawel Kurjata
Yadlapalli S. Kusuma
Vladimir Kutsenko
Kari Kuulasmaa
Catherine Kyobutungi
Quang Ngoc La
Fatima Zahra Laamiri
Carl Lachat
Karl J. Lackner
Youcef Laid
Lachmie Lall
Tai Hing Lam
Maritza Landaeta Jimenez
Edwige Landais
Vera Lanska
Georg Lappas
Bagher Larijani
Simo Pone Larissa
Tint Swe Latt
Martino Laurenzi
Laura Lauria
Maria Lazo-Porras
Gwenaëlle Le Coroller
Khanh Le Nguyen Bao
Agnès Le Port
Tuyen D. Le
Jeannette Lee
Jeonghee Lee
Paul H. Lee
Nils Lehmann
Terho Lehtimäki
Daniel Lemogoum
Branimir Leskošek
Justyna Leszczak
Katja B. Leth-Møller
Gabriel M. Leung
Naomi S. Levitt
Yanping Li
Merike Liivak
Christa L. Lilly
Charlie Lim
Wei-Yen Lim
M. Fernanda Lima-Costa
Hsien-Ho Lin
Xu Lin
Yi-Ting Lin
Lars Lind
Vijaya Lingam
Birgit Linkohr
Allan Linneberg
Lauren Lissner
Mieczyslaw Litwin
Jing Liu
Lijuan Liu
Wei-Cheng Lo
Helle-Mai Loit
Khuong Quynh Long
Guadalupe Longo Abril
Luis Lopes
Marcus V. V. Lopes
Oscar Lopes
Esther Lopez-Garcia
Tania Lopez
Paulo A. Lotufo
José Eugenio Lozano
Janice L. Lukrafka
Dalia Luksiene
Annamari Lundqvist
Nuno Lunet
Charles Lunogelo
Michala Lustigová
Edyta Łuszczki
Jean-René M’Buyamba-Kabangu
Guansheng Ma
Xu Ma
George L. L. Machado-Coelho
Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues
Enguerran Macia
Luisa M. Macieira
Ahmed A. Madar
Anja L. Madsen
Gladys E. Maestre
Stefania Maggi
Dianna J. Magliano
Sara Magnacca
Emmanuella Magriplis
Gowri Mahasampath
Bernard Maire
Marjeta Majer
Marcia Makdisse
Päivi Mäki
Fatemeh Malekzadeh
Reza Malekzadeh
Rahul Malhotra
Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao
Sofia K. Malyutina
Lynell V. Maniego
Yannis Manios
Masimango Imani Manix
Jim I. Mann
Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
Taru Manyanga
Enzo Manzato
Anie Marcil
Paula Margozzini
Joany Mariño
Anastasia Markaki
Oonagh Markey
Eliza Markidou Ioannidou
Pedro Marques-Vidal
Larissa Pruner Marques
Jaume Marrugat
Yves Martin-Prevel
Rosemarie Martin
Reynaldo Martorell
Eva Martos
Katharina Maruszczak
Stefano Marventano
Giovanna Masala
Luis P. Mascarenhas
Shariq R. Masoodi
Ellisiv B. Mathiesen
Prashant Mathur
Alicia Matijasevich
Piotr Matłosz
Tandi E. Matsha
Victor Matsudo
Christina Mavrogianni
Artur Mazur
Jean Claude N. Mbanya
Shelly R. McFarlane
Stephen T. McGarvey
Martin McKee
Stela McLachlan
Rachael M. McLean
Scott B. McLean
Margaret L. McNairy
Breige A. McNulty
Sounnia Mediene Benchekor
Jurate Medzioniene
Parinaz Mehdipour
Kirsten Mehlig
Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
Aline Meirhaeghe
Jørgen Meisfjord
Christa Meisinger
Jesus D. Melgarejo
Marina Melkumova
João Mello
Fabián Méndez
Carlos O. Mendivil
Ana Maria B. Menezes
Geetha R. Menon
Gert B. M. Mensink
Maria Teresa Menzano
Indrapal I. Meshram
Diane T. Meto
Jie Mi
Kim F. Michaelsen
Nathalie Michels
Kairit Mikkel
Karolina Miłkowska
Jody C. Miller
Olga Milushkina
Cláudia S. Minderico
G. K. Mini
Juan Francisco Miquel
J. Jaime Miranda
Mohammad Reza Mirjalili
Daphne Mirkopoulou
Erkin Mirrakhimov
Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković
Antonio Mistretta
Veronica Mocanu
Pietro A. Modesti
Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
Bahram Mohajer
Mostafa K. Mohamed
Shukri F. Mohamed
Kazem Mohammad
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Zahra Mohammadi
Noushin Mohammadifard
Reza Mohammadpourhodki
Viswanathan Mohan
Salim Mohanna
Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff
Iraj Mohebbi
Farnam Mohebi
Marie Moitry
Line T. Møllehave
Niels C. Møller
Dénes Molnár
Amirabbas Momenan
Charles K. Mondo
Roger A. Montenegro Mendoza
Eric Monterrubio-Flores
Kotsedi Daniel K. Monyeki
Jin Soo Moon
Mahmood Moosazadeh
Hermine T. Mopa
Farhad Moradpour
Leila B. Moreira
Alain Morejon
Luis A. Moreno
Francis Morey
Karen Morgan
Suzanne N. Morin
Erik Lykke Mortensen
George Moschonis
Alireza Moslem
Malgorzata Mossakowska
Aya Mostafa
Seyed-Ali Mostafavi
Anabela Mota-Pinto
Jorge Mota
Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh
Jorge Motta
Marcos André Moura-dos-Santos
Yeva Movsesyan
Kelias P. Msyamboza
Thet Thet Mu
Magdalena Muc
Florian Muca
Boban Mugoša
Maria L. Muiesan
Martina Müller-Nurasyid
Thomas Münzel
Jaakko Mursu
Elaine M. Murtagh
Kamarul Imran Musa
Sanja Musić Milanović
Vera Musil
Geofrey Musinguzi
Muel Telo M. C. Muyer
Iraj Nabipour
Shohreh Naderimagham
Gabriele Nagel
Farid Najafi
Harunobu Nakamura
Hanna Nalecz
Jana Námešná
Ei Ei K. Nang
Vinay B. Nangia
Martin Nankap
Sameer Narake
Paola Nardone
Take Naseri
Matthias Nauck
William A. Neal
Azim Nejatizadeh
Chandini Nekkantti
Keiu Nelis
Ilona Nenko
Martin Neovius
Flavio Nervi
Tze Pin Ng
Chung T. Nguyen
Nguyen D. Nguyen
Quang Ngoc Nguyen
Michael Y. Ni
Rodica Nicolescu
Peng Nie
Ramfis E. Nieto-Martínez
Yury P. Nikitin
Guang Ning
Toshiharu Ninomiya
Nobuo Nishi
Sania Nishtar
Marianna Noale
Oscar A. Noboa
Helena Nogueira
Maria Nordendahl
Børge G. Nordestgaard
Davide Noto
Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska
Mohannad Al Nsour
Irfan Nuhoğlu
Baltazar Nunes
Eha Nurk
Fred Nuwaha
Moffat Nyirenda
Terence W. O’Neill
Dermot O’Reilly
Galina Obreja
Caleb Ochimana
Angélica M. Ochoa-Avilés
Eiji Oda
Augustine N. Odili
Kyungwon Oh
Kumiko Ohara
Claes Ohlsson
Ryutaro Ohtsuka
Örn Olafsson
Maria Teresa A. Olinto
Isabel O. Oliveira
Mohd Azahadi Omar
Saeed M. Omar
Altan Onat
Sok King Ong
N. Charlotte Onland-Moret
Lariane M. Ono
Pedro Ordunez
Rui Ornelas
Ana P. Ortiz
Pedro J. Ortiz
Merete Osler
Clive Osmond
Sergej M. Ostojic
Afshin Ostovar
Johanna A. Otero
Kim Overvad
Ellis Owusu-Dabo
Fred Michel Paccaud
Ioannis Pagkalos
Elena Pahomova
Karina Mary de Paiva
Andrzej Pająk
Alberto Palloni
Luigi Palmieri
Wen-Harn Pan
Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
Arvind Pandey
Francesco Panza
Mariela Paoli
Sousana K. Papadopoulou
Dimitrios Papandreou
Rossina G. Pareja
Soon-Woo Park
Suyeon Park
Winsome R. Parnell
Mahboubeh Parsaeian
Ionela M. Pascanu
Patrick Pasquet
Nikhil D. Patel
Marcos Pattussi
Halyna Pavlyshyn
Raimund Pechlaner
Ivan Pećin
Mangesh S. Pednekar
João M. Pedro
Nasheeta Peer
Sergio Viana Peixoto
Markku Peltonen
Alexandre C. Pereira
Marco A. Peres
Cynthia M. Pérez
Valentina Peterkova
Annette Peters
Astrid Petersmann
Janina Petkeviciene
Ausra Petrauskiene
Olga Petrovna Kovtun
Emanuela Pettenuzzo
Niloofar Peykari
Norbert Pfeiffer
Modou Cheyassin Phall
Son Thai Pham
Rafael N. Pichardo
Daniela Pierannunzio
Iris Pigeot
Hynek Pikhart
Aida Pilav
Lorenza Pilotto
Francesco Pistelli
Freda Pitakaka
Aleksandra Piwonska
Andreia N. Pizarro
Pedro Plans-Rubió
Alina G. Platonova
Bee Koon Poh
Hermann Pohlabeln
Nadija S. Polka
Raluca M. Pop
Stevo R. Popovic
Miquel Porta
Georg Posch
Anil Poudyal
Dimitrios Poulimeneas
Hamed Pouraram
Farhad Pourfarzi
Akram Pourshams
Hossein Poustchi
Rajendra Pradeepa
Alison J. Price
Jacqueline F. Price
Antonio Prista
Rui Providencia
Jardena J. Puder
Iveta Pudule
Maria Puiu
Margus Punab
Muhammed S. Qadir
Radwan F. Qasrawi
Mostafa Qorbani
Hedley K. Quintana
Pedro J. Quiroga-Padilla
Tran Quoc Bao
Stefan Rach
Ivana Radic
Ricardas Radisauskas
Salar Rahimikazerooni
Mahfuzar Rahman
Mahmudur Rahman
Olli Raitakari
Manu Raj
Tamerlan Rajabov
Sherali Rakhmatulloev
Ivo Rakovac
Sudha Ramachandra Rao
Ambady Ramachandran
Otim P. C. Ramadan
Virgílio V. Ramires
Jacqueline Ramke
Elisabete Ramos
Rafel Ramos
Lekhraj Rampal
Sanjay Rampal
Lalka S. Rangelova
Vayia Rarra
Ramon A. Rascon-Pacheco
Cassiano Ricardo Rech
Josep Redon
Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit
Valéria Regecová
Jane D. P. Renner
Judit A. Repasy
Cézane P. Reuter
Luis Revilla
Abbas Rezaianzadeh
Yeunsook Rho
Lourdes Ribas-Barba
Robespierre Ribeiro
Elio Riboli
Adrian Richter
Fernando Rigo
Attilio Rigotti
Natascia Rinaldo
Tobias F. Rinke de Wit
Ana I. Rito
Raphael M. Ritti-Dias
Juan A. Rivera
Reina G. Roa
Louise Robinson
Cynthia Robitaille
Romana Roccaldo
Daniela Rodrigues
Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
María del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez
Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar
Andrea Y. Rodríguez
Ulla Roggenbuck
Peter Rohloff
Fabian Rohner
Rosalba Rojas-Martinez
Nipa Rojroongwasinkul
Dora Romaguera
Elisabetta L. Romeo
Rafaela V. Rosario
Annika Rosengren
Ian Rouse
Vanessa Rouzier
Joel G. R. Roy
Maira H. Ruano
Adolfo Rubinstein
Frank J. Rühli
Jean-Bernard Ruidavets
Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt
Maria Ruiz-Castell
Emma Ruiz Moreno
Iuliia A. Rusakova
Kenisha Russell Jonsson
Paola Russo
Petra Rust
Marcin Rutkowski
Marge Saamel
Charumathi Sabanayagam
Hamideh Sabbaghi
Elena Sacchini
Harshpal S. Sachdev
Alireza Sadjadi
Ali Reza Safarpour
Sare Safi
Saeid Safiri
Mohammad Hossien Saghi
Olfa Saidi
Nader Saki
Sanja Šalaj
Benoit Salanave
Eduardo Salazar Martinez
Calogero Saleva
Diego Salmerón
Veikko Salomaa
Jukka T. Salonen
Massimo Salvetti
Margarita Samoutian
Jose Sánchez-Abanto
Inés Sánchez Rodríguez
Sandjaja
Susana Sans
Loreto Santa Marina
Ethel Santacruz
Diana A. Santos
Ina S. Santos
Lèlita C. Santos
Maria Paula Santos
Osvaldo Santos
Rute Santos
Tamara R. Santos
Jouko L. Saramies
Luis B. Sardinha
Nizal Sarrafzadegan
Thirunavukkarasu Sathish
Kai-Uwe Saum
Savvas Savva
Mathilde Savy
Norie Sawada
Mariana Sbaraini
Marcia Scazufca
Beatriz D. Schaan
Angelika Schaffrath Rosario
Herman Schargrodsky
Anja Schienkiewitz
Karin Schindler
Sabine Schipf
Carsten O. Schmidt
Ida Maria Schmidt
Andrea Schneider
Peter Schnohr
Ben Schöttker
Sara Schramm
Stine Schramm
Helmut Schröder
Constance Schultsz
Matthias B. Schulze
Aletta E. Schutte
Sylvain Sebert
Moslem Sedaghattalab
Rusidah Selamat
Vedrana Sember
Abhijit Sen
Idowu O. Senbanjo
Sadaf G. Sepanlou
Guillermo Sequera
Luis Serra-Majem
Jennifer Servais
Ľudmila Ševčíková
Svetlana Shalnova
Teresa Shamah-Levy
Seyed Morteza Shamshirgaran
Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani
Maryam Sharafkhah
Sanjib K. Sharma
Jonathan E. Shaw
Amaneh Shayanrad
Ali Akbar Shayesteh
Lela Shengelia
Zumin Shi
Kenji Shibuya
Hana Shimizu-Furusawa
Tal Shimony
Rahman Shiri
Namuna Shrestha
Khairil Si-Ramlee
Alfonso Siani
Rosalynn Siantar
Abla M. Sibai
Labros S. Sidossis
Natalia Silitrari
Antonio M. Silva
Caroline Ramos de Moura Silva
Diego Augusto Santos Silva
Kelly S. Silva
Xueling Sim
Mary Simon
Judith Simons
Leon A. Simons
Agneta Sjöberg
Michael Sjöström
Natalia A. Skoblina
Gry Skodje
Tatyana Slazhnyova
Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer
Przemysław Slusarczyk
Liam Smeeth
Hung-Kwan So
Fernanda Cunha Soares
Grzegorz Sobek
Eugène Sobngwi
Morten Sodemann
Stefan Söderberg
Moesijanti Y. E. Soekatri
Agustinus Soemantri
Reecha Sofat
Vincenzo Solfrizzi
Mohammad Hossein Somi
Emily Sonestedt
Yi Song
Sajid Soofi
Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
Elin P. Sørgjerd
Charles Sossa Jérome
Victoria E. Soto-Rojas
Aïcha Soumaré
Alfonso Sousa-Poza
Slavica Sovic
Bente Sparboe-Nilsen
Karen Sparrenberger
Phoebe R. Spencer
Angela Spinelli
Igor Spiroski
Jan A. Staessen
Hanspeter Stamm
Kaspar Staub
Bill Stavreski
Jostein Steene-Johannessen
Peter Stehle
Aryeh D. Stein
George S. Stergiou
Jochanan Stessman
Ranko Stevanović
Jutta Stieber
Doris Stöckl
Jakub Stokwiszewski
Ekaterina Stoyanova
Gareth Stratton
Karien Stronks
Maria Wany Strufaldi
Lela Sturua
Ramón Suárez-Medina
Machi Suka
Chien-An Sun
Liang Sun
Johan Sundström
Yn-Tz Sung
Jordi Sunyer
Paibul Suriyawongpaisal
Nabil William G. Sweis
Boyd A. Swinburn
Rody G. Sy
René Charles Sylva
Moyses Szklo
Lucjan Szponar
Lorraine Tabone
E. Shyong Tai
Konstantinos D. Tambalis
Mari-Liis Tammesoo
Abdonas Tamosiunas
Eng Joo Tan
Xun Tang
Maya Tanrygulyyeva
Frank Tanser
Yong Tao
Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh
Jakob Tarp
Carolina B. Tarqui-Mamani
Radka Taxová Braunerová
Anne Taylor
Julie Taylor
Félicité Tchibindat
Saskia Te Velde
William R. Tebar
Grethe S. Tell
Tania Tello
Yih Chung Tham
K. R. Thankappan
Holger Theobald
Xenophon Theodoridis
Nihal Thomas
Barbara Thorand
Betina H. Thuesen
Ľubica Tichá
Erik J. Timmermans
Dwi H. Tjandrarini
Anne Tjonneland
Hanna K. Tolonen
Janne S. Tolstrup
Murat Topbas
Roman Topór-Mądry
Liv Elin Torheim
María José Tormo
Michael J. Tornaritis
Maties Torrent
Laura Torres-Collado
Stefania Toselli
Giota Touloumi
Pierre Traissac
Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran
Mark S. Tremblay
Areti Triantafyllou
Dimitrios Trichopoulos
Antonia Trichopoulou
Oanh T. H. Trinh
Atul Trivedi
Yu-Hsiang Tsao
Lechaba Tshepo
Maria Tsigga
Panagiotis Tsintavis
Shoichiro Tsugane
John Tuitele
Azaliia M. Tuliakova
Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid
Fikru Tullu
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
Jaakko Tuomilehto
Maria L. Turley
Gilad Twig
Per Tynelius
Evangelia Tzala
Themistoklis Tzotzas
Christophe Tzourio
Peter Ueda
Eunice Ugel
Flora A. M. Ukoli
Hanno Ulmer
Belgin Unal
Zhamyila Usupova
Hannu M. T. Uusitalo
Nalan Uysal
Justina Vaitkeviciute
Gonzalo Valdivia
Susana Vale
Damaskini Valvi
Rob M. van Dam
Bert-Jan van den Born
Johan Van der Heyden
Yvonne T. van der Schouw
Koen Van Herck
Wendy Van Lippevelde
Hoang Van Minh
Natasja M. Van Schoor
Irene G. M. van Valkengoed
Dirk Vanderschueren
Diego Vanuzzo
Anette Varbo
Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
Luz Nayibe Vargas
Patricia Varona-Pérez
Senthil K. Vasan
Daniel G. Vasques
Tomas Vega
Toomas Veidebaum
Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez
Biruta Velika
Maïté Verloigne
Giovanni Veronesi
W. M. Monique Verschuren
Cesar G. Victora
Giovanni Viegi
Lucie Viet
Frøydis N. Vik
Monica Vilar
Salvador Villalpando
Jesus Vioque
Jyrki K. Virtanen
Sophie Visvikis-Siest
Bharathi Viswanathan
Mihaela Vladulescu
Tiina Vlasoff
Dorja Vocanec
Peter Vollenweider
Henry Völzke
Ari Voutilainen
Martine Vrijheid
Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte
Alisha N. Wade
Thomas Waldhör
Janette Walton
Elvis O. A. Wambiya
Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar
Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud
Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior
Ming-Dong Wang
Ningli Wang
Qian Wang
Xiangjun Wang
Ya Xing Wang
Ying-Wei Wang
S. Goya Wannamethee
Nicholas Wareham
Adelheid Weber
Karen Webster-Kerr
Niels Wedderkopp
Daniel Weghuber
Wenbin Wei
Aneta Weres
Bo Werner
Leo D. Westbury
Peter H. Whincup
Kremlin Wickramasinghe
Kurt Widhalm
Indah S. Widyahening
Andrzej Więcek
Philipp S. Wild
Rainford J. Wilks
Johann Willeit
Peter Willeit
Julianne Williams
Tom Wilsgaard
Rusek Wojciech
Bogdan Wojtyniak
Kathrin Wolf
Roy A. Wong-McClure
Andrew Wong
Emily B. Wong
Jyh Eiin Wong
Tien Yin Wong
Jean Woo
Mark Woodward
Frederick C. Wu
Hon-Yen Wu
Jianfeng Wu
Li Juan Wu
Shouling Wu
Justyna Wyszyńska
Haiquan Xu
Liang Xu
Nor Azwany Yaacob
Uruwan Yamborisut
Weili Yan
Ling Yang
Xiaoguang Yang
Yang Yang
Nazan Yardim
Tabara Yasuharu
Martha Yépez García
Panayiotis K. Yiallouros
Agneta Yngve
Moein Yoosefi
Akihiro Yoshihara
Qi Sheng You
San-Lin You
Novie O. Younger-Coleman
Yu-Ling Yu
Yunjiang Yu
Safiah Md Yusof
Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff
Luciana Zaccagni
Vassilis Zafiropulos
Ahmad A. Zainuddin
Seyed Rasoul Zakavi
Farhad Zamani
Sabina Zambon
Antonis Zampelas
Hana Zamrazilová
Maria Elisa Zapata
Abdul Hamid Zargar
Ko Ko Zaw
Ayman A. Zayed
Tomasz Zdrojewski
Magdalena Żegleń
Kristyna Zejglicova
Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic
Yi Zeng
Luxia Zhang
Zhen-Yu Zhang
Dong Zhao
Ming-Hui Zhao
Wenhua Zhao
Yanitsa V. Zhecheva
Shiqi Zhen
Wei Zheng
Yingfeng Zheng
Bekbolat Zholdin
Maigeng Zhou
Dan Zhu
Marie Zins
Emanuel Zitt
Yanina Zocalo
Nada Zoghlami
Julio Zuñiga Cisneros
Monika Zuziak
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Robert E. Black
Majid Ezzati
format Journal article
container_title Nature
container_volume 615
container_issue 7954
container_start_page 874
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 0028-0836
1476-4687
doi_str_mv 10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1,2,3,4,5,6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
published_date 2023-03-30T11:36:26Z
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