The drainage of glacier and ice sheet surface lakes

Schoof, Christian; Cook, Sue; Kulessa, Bernd; Thompson, Sarah

doi:10.1017/jfm.2023.130

Journal article 550 views 36 downloads

The drainage of glacier and ice sheet surface lakes

Christian Schoof

, Sue Cook

, Bernd Kulessa

, Sarah Thompson

Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Volume: 961

Swansea University Author: Bernd Kulessa

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DOI (Published version): 10.1017/jfm.2023.130

Abstract

Supraglacial lakes play a central role in storing melt water, enhancing surface melt, and ultimately in driving ice flow and ice shelf melt through injecting water into the subglacial environment and facilitating fracturing. Here, we develop a model for the drainage of supraglacial lakes through the...

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Published in:	Journal of Fluid Mechanics
ISSN:	0022-1120 1469-7645
Published:	Cambridge University Press (CUP) 2023
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa62752
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first_indexed	2023-02-25T13:33:05Z
last_indexed	2023-03-14T04:24:05Z
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spelling	v2 62752 2023-02-25 The drainage of glacier and ice sheet surface lakes 52acda616e9f6073cbebf497def874c9 0000-0002-4830-4949 Bernd Kulessa Bernd Kulessa true false 2023-02-25 BGPS Supraglacial lakes play a central role in storing melt water, enhancing surface melt, and ultimately in driving ice flow and ice shelf melt through injecting water into the subglacial environment and facilitating fracturing. Here, we develop a model for the drainage of supraglacial lakes through the dissipation-driven incision of a surface channel. The model consists of the St Venant equations for flow in the channel, fed by an upstream lake reservoir, coupled with an equation for the evolution of channel elevation due to advection, uplift, and downward melting. After reduction to a ‘stream power’-type hyperbolic model, we show that lake drainage occurs above a critical rate of water supply to the lake due to the backward migration of a shock that incises the lake seal. The critical water supply rate depends on advection velocity and uplift (or more precisely, drawdown downstream of the lake) as well as model parameters such as channel wall roughness and the parameters defining the relationship between channel cross-section and wetted perimeter. Once lake drainage does occur, it can either continue until the lake is empty, or terminate early, leading to oscillatory cycles of lake filling and draining, with the latter favoured by large lake volumes and relatively small water supply rates. Journal Article Journal of Fluid Mechanics 961 Cambridge University Press (CUP) 0022-1120 1469-7645 25 4 2023 2023-04-25 10.1017/jfm.2023.130 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2023.130 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University CGS was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada Discovery Grant RGPIN-2018-04665. SC and ST received support from the Australian Government as part of the Antarctic Science Collaboration Initiative program. 2024-07-17T13:27:04.4387658 2023-02-25T13:29:56.7329406 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography Christian Schoof 0000-0002-7532-2296 1 Sue Cook 0000-0001-9878-4218 2 Bernd Kulessa 0000-0002-4830-4949 3 Sarah Thompson 0000-0001-9112-6933 4 62752__26674__a677ab9bd3d1499f8d2aea2eeb46dc19.pdf JFM Feb23 surface_drainage_v9 accepted.pdf 2023-02-25T13:32:26.3855857 Output 1756867 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2023-10-14T00:00:00.0000000 Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License (CC-BY-NC-ND) true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
title	The drainage of glacier and ice sheet surface lakes
spellingShingle	The drainage of glacier and ice sheet surface lakes Bernd Kulessa
title_short	The drainage of glacier and ice sheet surface lakes
title_full	The drainage of glacier and ice sheet surface lakes
title_fullStr	The drainage of glacier and ice sheet surface lakes
title_full_unstemmed	The drainage of glacier and ice sheet surface lakes
title_sort	The drainage of glacier and ice sheet surface lakes
author_id_str_mv	52acda616e9f6073cbebf497def874c9
author_id_fullname_str_mv	52acda616e9f6073cbebf497def874c9_***_Bernd Kulessa
author	Bernd Kulessa
author2	Christian Schoof Sue Cook Bernd Kulessa Sarah Thompson
format	Journal article
container_title	Journal of Fluid Mechanics
container_volume	961
publishDate	2023
institution	Swansea University
issn	0022-1120 1469-7645
doi_str_mv	10.1017/jfm.2023.130
publisher	Cambridge University Press (CUP)
college_str	Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id	facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id	facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str	School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2023.130
document_store_str	1
active_str	0
description	Supraglacial lakes play a central role in storing melt water, enhancing surface melt, and ultimately in driving ice flow and ice shelf melt through injecting water into the subglacial environment and facilitating fracturing. Here, we develop a model for the drainage of supraglacial lakes through the dissipation-driven incision of a surface channel. The model consists of the St Venant equations for flow in the channel, fed by an upstream lake reservoir, coupled with an equation for the evolution of channel elevation due to advection, uplift, and downward melting. After reduction to a ‘stream power’-type hyperbolic model, we show that lake drainage occurs above a critical rate of water supply to the lake due to the backward migration of a shock that incises the lake seal. The critical water supply rate depends on advection velocity and uplift (or more precisely, drawdown downstream of the lake) as well as model parameters such as channel wall roughness and the parameters defining the relationship between channel cross-section and wetted perimeter. Once lake drainage does occur, it can either continue until the lake is empty, or terminate early, leading to oscillatory cycles of lake filling and draining, with the latter favoured by large lake volumes and relatively small water supply rates.
published_date	2023-04-25T13:27:03Z
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score	11.037056

The drainage of glacier and ice sheet surface lakes

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