Journal article 342 views 71 downloads
Extracellular vesicle signatures and protein citrullination are modified in shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) infected with Hematodinium sp
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Andrew Rowley,
Sigrun Lange
Virulence, Volume: 14, Issue: 1
Swansea University Authors: Christopher Coates, Andrew Rowley
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© 2023 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
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DOI (Published version): 10.1080/21505594.2023.2180932
Abstract
Epizootiologists recurrently encounter symbionts and pathobionts in the haemolymph (blood equivalent) of shellfish. One such group is the dinoflagellate genus Hematodinium, which contains several species that cause debilitating disease in decapod crustaceans. The shore crab Carcinus maenas acts as a...
| Published in: | Virulence |
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| ISSN: | 2150-5594 2150-5608 |
| Published: |
Informa UK Limited
2023
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| Online Access: |
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| URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa62681 |
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| Abstract: |
Epizootiologists recurrently encounter symbionts and pathobionts in the haemolymph (blood equivalent) of shellfish. One such group is the dinoflagellate genus Hematodinium, which contains several species that cause debilitating disease in decapod crustaceans. The shore crab Carcinus maenas acts as a mobile reservoir of microparasites, including Hematodinium sp., thereby posing a risk to other co-located commercially important species, e.g. velvet crabs (Necora puber). Despite the widespread prevalence and documented seasonality of Hematodinium infection dynamics, there is a knowledge gap regarding host-pathogen antibiosis, namely, how Hematodinium avoids the host’s immune defences. Herein, we interrogated the haemolymph of Hematodinium-positive and Hematodinium-negative crabs for extracellular vesicle (EV) profiles (a proxy for cellular communication), alongside proteomic signatures for post-translational citrullination/deimination performed by arginine deiminases, which can infer a pathologic state. Circulating EV numbers in parasitized crab haemolymph were reduced significantly, accompanied by smaller EV modal size profiles (albeit non-significantly) when compared to Hematodinium-negative controls. Differences were observed for citrullinated/deiminated target proteins in the haemolymph between the parasitized and control crabs, with fewer hits identified overall in the former. Three deiminated proteins specific to parasitized crab haemolymph were actin, Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM), and nitric oxide synthase – factors that contribute to innate immunity. We report, for the first time, Hematodinium sp. could interfere with EV biogenesis, and that protein deimination is a putative mechanism of immune-modulation in crustacean-Hematodinium interactions. |
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| Keywords: |
Peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD); arginine deiminase (ADI); innate immunity; haemocytes; cell-cell communication; marine disease |
| College: |
Faculty of Science and Engineering |
| Funders: |
ARCH UK; BB/P017215/1 |
| Issue: |
1 |