Separating and Purifying Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Application in Commercial Sunscreen Formulations

Candelo, Valeria; Llewellyn, Carole

doi:10.3390/biotech12010016

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Separating and Purifying Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Application in Commercial Sunscreen Formulations

Valeria Candelo, Carole Llewellyn

BioTech, Volume: 12, Issue: 1, Start page: 16

Swansea University Authors: Valeria Candelo, Carole Llewellyn

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/biotech12010016

Abstract

Using algal-derived mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in sunscreen formulations is constrained by low cellular concentrations of MAAs and by the high costs associated with harvesting algal cells and extracting the MAAs. Here, we report an industrial scalable method using a membrane filtration appr...

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Published in:	BioTech
ISSN:	2673-6284
Published:	MDPI AG 2023
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URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa62653
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first_indexed	2023-03-06T11:32:51Z
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spelling	2023-03-06T11:35:08.0504305 v2 62653 2023-02-13 Separating and Purifying Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Application in Commercial Sunscreen Formulations 580724e8f22088441ecd91e9dc64fd1f Valeria Candelo Valeria Candelo true false bcd94bda79ebf4c2c82d82dfb027a140 Carole Llewellyn Carole Llewellyn true false 2023-02-13 SBI Using algal-derived mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in sunscreen formulations is constrained by low cellular concentrations of MAAs and by the high costs associated with harvesting algal cells and extracting the MAAs. Here, we report an industrial scalable method using a membrane filtration approach to purify and concentrate aqueous extracts of MAAs. The method includes an additional biorefinery step enabling purification of phycocyanin, an established valuable natural product. Cultivated cells of the cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (PCC 6912) were concentrated and homogenised to produce a feed for sequential processing through three membranes of decreasing pore size to obtain a retentate and permeate for each step. Microfiltration (0.2 µm) was used to remove cell debris. Ultrafiltration (10,000 Da) was used to remove large molecules and recover phycocyanin. Finally, nanofiltration (300–400 Da) was used to remove water and other small molecules. Permeate and retentate were analysed using UV-visible spectrophotometry and HPLC. The initial homogenised feed had a shinorine concentration of 5.6 ± 07 mg L−1. The final nanofiltered retentate resulted in a 3.3 times-purified concentrate (shinorine concentration of 18.71 ± 0.29 mg L−1). Significant process losses (35%) highlight scope for improvement. Results confirm the potential of membrane filtration to purify and concentrate aqueous solutions of MAAs with simultaneous separation of phycocyanin highlighting a biorefinery approach. Journal Article BioTech 12 1 16 MDPI AG 2673-6284 mycosporine-like amino acids; membrane filtration; sunscreens; cyanobacteria; phycocyanin 3 2 2023 2023-02-03 10.3390/biotech12010016 Data Availability Statement:Data is available through contact with the authors. COLLEGE NANME Biosciences COLLEGE CODE SBI Swansea University The work formed part of a Master’s Project for Valeria Candelo at Swansea University and was partially supported by funding from BBSRC Grant.Reference BB/S009825/1: Algae-UK: Exploiting the Algal Treasure Trove: Proof of Concept. 2023-03-06T11:35:08.0504305 2023-02-13T11:47:51.7388387 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Valeria Candelo 1 Carole Llewellyn 2 62653__26751__096d244864b347c8a96d5cd9fc15399a.pdf 62653_VoR.pdf 2023-03-06T11:33:54.7653691 Output 1857942 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2023 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	Separating and Purifying Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Application in Commercial Sunscreen Formulations
spellingShingle	Separating and Purifying Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Application in Commercial Sunscreen Formulations Valeria Candelo Carole Llewellyn
title_short	Separating and Purifying Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Application in Commercial Sunscreen Formulations
title_full	Separating and Purifying Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Application in Commercial Sunscreen Formulations
title_fullStr	Separating and Purifying Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Application in Commercial Sunscreen Formulations
title_full_unstemmed	Separating and Purifying Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Application in Commercial Sunscreen Formulations
title_sort	Separating and Purifying Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Application in Commercial Sunscreen Formulations
author_id_str_mv	580724e8f22088441ecd91e9dc64fd1f bcd94bda79ebf4c2c82d82dfb027a140
author_id_fullname_str_mv	580724e8f22088441ecd91e9dc64fd1f_*_Valeria Candelo bcd94bda79ebf4c2c82d82dfb027a140_*_Carole Llewellyn
author	Valeria Candelo Carole Llewellyn
author2	Valeria Candelo Carole Llewellyn
format	Journal article
container_title	BioTech
container_volume	12
container_issue	1
container_start_page	16
publishDate	2023
institution	Swansea University
issn	2673-6284
doi_str_mv	10.3390/biotech12010016
publisher	MDPI AG
college_str	Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
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department_str	School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
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description	Using algal-derived mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in sunscreen formulations is constrained by low cellular concentrations of MAAs and by the high costs associated with harvesting algal cells and extracting the MAAs. Here, we report an industrial scalable method using a membrane filtration approach to purify and concentrate aqueous extracts of MAAs. The method includes an additional biorefinery step enabling purification of phycocyanin, an established valuable natural product. Cultivated cells of the cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (PCC 6912) were concentrated and homogenised to produce a feed for sequential processing through three membranes of decreasing pore size to obtain a retentate and permeate for each step. Microfiltration (0.2 µm) was used to remove cell debris. Ultrafiltration (10,000 Da) was used to remove large molecules and recover phycocyanin. Finally, nanofiltration (300–400 Da) was used to remove water and other small molecules. Permeate and retentate were analysed using UV-visible spectrophotometry and HPLC. The initial homogenised feed had a shinorine concentration of 5.6 ± 07 mg L−1. The final nanofiltered retentate resulted in a 3.3 times-purified concentrate (shinorine concentration of 18.71 ± 0.29 mg L−1). Significant process losses (35%) highlight scope for improvement. Results confirm the potential of membrane filtration to purify and concentrate aqueous solutions of MAAs with simultaneous separation of phycocyanin highlighting a biorefinery approach.
published_date	2023-02-03T04:22:26Z
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Separating and Purifying Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Application in Commercial Sunscreen Formulations

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