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Thermo-mechanical properties of digitally-printed elastomeric polyurethane: Experimental characterisation and constitutive modelling using a nonlinear temperature-strain coupled scaling strategy

Jie Yang, Zisheng Liao Orcid Logo, Mokarram Hossain Orcid Logo, Guanyu Huang, Xin Zhou Orcid Logo, Fan Liu, Ahmed S.M. Alzaidi, Xiaohu Yao Orcid Logo

International Journal of Solids and Structures, Volume: 267, Start page: 112163

Swansea University Author: Mokarram Hossain Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2023.112163

Abstract

The Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has emerged as a novel paradigm that uses the method of gradual accumulation of materials to manufacture solid parts, which is a “bottom-up” approach compared to the traditional cutting technology. Among available techniques, Digital Light Synthesis (DLS) f...

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Published in: International Journal of Solids and Structures
ISSN: 0020-7683
Published: Elsevier BV 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa62651
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Among available techniques, Digital Light Synthesis (DLS) further facilitates the opportunity for continuous building instead of the layer-by-layer or the dot-by-dot printing approach, thus curtailing the time of production and encouraging the development of many new materials. In this contribution, temperature-dependent mechanical properties of a DLS-based 3D-printed elastomeric polyurethane (EPU) are investigated utilizing experimental characterization and constitutive modelling. Specifically, uniaxial tensile and stress relaxation tests under temperature fields ranging from &#x2212;20 &#xB0;C to 60 &#xB0;C are performed, which reveal deformation-nonlinearity and temperature-sensitivity of the elastomer. This temperature range covers below and above the glass transition region of the polymer. Experimental results show that the temperature-dependence is correlated with temperature field and strain levels simultaneously. Motivated by the experimental results, a phenomenologically-inspired thermodynamically-consistent constitutive model is devised to characterise the finite deformation behaviours of EPU. In this case, for the first time, a single temperature-strain coupling function can capture the thermo-mechanical behaviour across the glass transition. Good accuracy of the prediction can be seen using the proposed constitutive model. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of the mechanical properties of DLS-based digitally-printed EPU under a wide temperature field. The comprehensive thermo-mechanical experimental characterisation and subsequent constitutive modelling will facilitate the designing of other 3D-printed soft materials.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>International Journal of Solids and Structures</journal><volume>267</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>112163</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0020-7683</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords>Additive manufacturing; Digitally-printed polyurethane; Experimental characterisation; Constitutive modelling; Temperature effect</keywords><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>4</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2023</publishedYear><publishedDate>2023-04-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2023.112163</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>General Engineering</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>GENG</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal)</apcterm><funders>This study is funded by the Swansea Bay City Deal, United Kingdom and the European Regional Development Fund through the Welsh European Funding Office. This study is also supported by EPSRC through the Supergen ORE Hub (EP/S000747/1), who have awarded funding for the Flexible Fund project Submerged bi-axial fatigue analysis for flexible membrane Wave Energy Converters (FF2021-1036). This work is partially supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar, China (No. 11925203), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11672110), and the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, China under Grant (No. TPL2003). A. 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spelling 2023-03-06T11:47:48.8141433 v2 62651 2023-02-13 Thermo-mechanical properties of digitally-printed elastomeric polyurethane: Experimental characterisation and constitutive modelling using a nonlinear temperature-strain coupled scaling strategy 140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd 0000-0002-4616-1104 Mokarram Hossain Mokarram Hossain true false 2023-02-13 GENG The Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has emerged as a novel paradigm that uses the method of gradual accumulation of materials to manufacture solid parts, which is a “bottom-up” approach compared to the traditional cutting technology. Among available techniques, Digital Light Synthesis (DLS) further facilitates the opportunity for continuous building instead of the layer-by-layer or the dot-by-dot printing approach, thus curtailing the time of production and encouraging the development of many new materials. In this contribution, temperature-dependent mechanical properties of a DLS-based 3D-printed elastomeric polyurethane (EPU) are investigated utilizing experimental characterization and constitutive modelling. Specifically, uniaxial tensile and stress relaxation tests under temperature fields ranging from −20 °C to 60 °C are performed, which reveal deformation-nonlinearity and temperature-sensitivity of the elastomer. This temperature range covers below and above the glass transition region of the polymer. Experimental results show that the temperature-dependence is correlated with temperature field and strain levels simultaneously. Motivated by the experimental results, a phenomenologically-inspired thermodynamically-consistent constitutive model is devised to characterise the finite deformation behaviours of EPU. In this case, for the first time, a single temperature-strain coupling function can capture the thermo-mechanical behaviour across the glass transition. Good accuracy of the prediction can be seen using the proposed constitutive model. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of the mechanical properties of DLS-based digitally-printed EPU under a wide temperature field. The comprehensive thermo-mechanical experimental characterisation and subsequent constitutive modelling will facilitate the designing of other 3D-printed soft materials. Journal Article International Journal of Solids and Structures 267 112163 Elsevier BV 0020-7683 Additive manufacturing; Digitally-printed polyurethane; Experimental characterisation; Constitutive modelling; Temperature effect 1 4 2023 2023-04-01 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2023.112163 COLLEGE NANME General Engineering COLLEGE CODE GENG Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) This study is funded by the Swansea Bay City Deal, United Kingdom and the European Regional Development Fund through the Welsh European Funding Office. This study is also supported by EPSRC through the Supergen ORE Hub (EP/S000747/1), who have awarded funding for the Flexible Fund project Submerged bi-axial fatigue analysis for flexible membrane Wave Energy Converters (FF2021-1036). This work is partially supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar, China (No. 11925203), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11672110), and the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, China under Grant (No. TPL2003). A. SM Alzaidi acknowledges Taif University Researchers, Saudi Arabia Supporting Project number (TURSP-2020/303), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. 2023-03-06T11:47:48.8141433 2023-02-13T09:44:51.2771162 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised Jie Yang 1 Zisheng Liao 0000-0003-0859-9284 2 Mokarram Hossain 0000-0002-4616-1104 3 Guanyu Huang 4 Xin Zhou 0000-0003-1146-0857 5 Fan Liu 6 Ahmed S.M. Alzaidi 7 Xiaohu Yao 0000-0002-6521-5112 8 62651__26753__0d7722f31f3d4d81b93d1af7879dccff.pdf 62651_VoR.pdf 2023-03-06T11:46:36.2318319 Output 2804050 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CC BY license true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Thermo-mechanical properties of digitally-printed elastomeric polyurethane: Experimental characterisation and constitutive modelling using a nonlinear temperature-strain coupled scaling strategy
spellingShingle Thermo-mechanical properties of digitally-printed elastomeric polyurethane: Experimental characterisation and constitutive modelling using a nonlinear temperature-strain coupled scaling strategy
Mokarram Hossain
title_short Thermo-mechanical properties of digitally-printed elastomeric polyurethane: Experimental characterisation and constitutive modelling using a nonlinear temperature-strain coupled scaling strategy
title_full Thermo-mechanical properties of digitally-printed elastomeric polyurethane: Experimental characterisation and constitutive modelling using a nonlinear temperature-strain coupled scaling strategy
title_fullStr Thermo-mechanical properties of digitally-printed elastomeric polyurethane: Experimental characterisation and constitutive modelling using a nonlinear temperature-strain coupled scaling strategy
title_full_unstemmed Thermo-mechanical properties of digitally-printed elastomeric polyurethane: Experimental characterisation and constitutive modelling using a nonlinear temperature-strain coupled scaling strategy
title_sort Thermo-mechanical properties of digitally-printed elastomeric polyurethane: Experimental characterisation and constitutive modelling using a nonlinear temperature-strain coupled scaling strategy
author_id_str_mv 140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd
author_id_fullname_str_mv 140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd_***_Mokarram Hossain
author Mokarram Hossain
author2 Jie Yang
Zisheng Liao
Mokarram Hossain
Guanyu Huang
Xin Zhou
Fan Liu
Ahmed S.M. Alzaidi
Xiaohu Yao
format Journal article
container_title International Journal of Solids and Structures
container_volume 267
container_start_page 112163
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 0020-7683
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2023.112163
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has emerged as a novel paradigm that uses the method of gradual accumulation of materials to manufacture solid parts, which is a “bottom-up” approach compared to the traditional cutting technology. Among available techniques, Digital Light Synthesis (DLS) further facilitates the opportunity for continuous building instead of the layer-by-layer or the dot-by-dot printing approach, thus curtailing the time of production and encouraging the development of many new materials. In this contribution, temperature-dependent mechanical properties of a DLS-based 3D-printed elastomeric polyurethane (EPU) are investigated utilizing experimental characterization and constitutive modelling. Specifically, uniaxial tensile and stress relaxation tests under temperature fields ranging from −20 °C to 60 °C are performed, which reveal deformation-nonlinearity and temperature-sensitivity of the elastomer. This temperature range covers below and above the glass transition region of the polymer. Experimental results show that the temperature-dependence is correlated with temperature field and strain levels simultaneously. Motivated by the experimental results, a phenomenologically-inspired thermodynamically-consistent constitutive model is devised to characterise the finite deformation behaviours of EPU. In this case, for the first time, a single temperature-strain coupling function can capture the thermo-mechanical behaviour across the glass transition. Good accuracy of the prediction can be seen using the proposed constitutive model. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of the mechanical properties of DLS-based digitally-printed EPU under a wide temperature field. The comprehensive thermo-mechanical experimental characterisation and subsequent constitutive modelling will facilitate the designing of other 3D-printed soft materials.
published_date 2023-04-01T04:22:26Z
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