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Programming shape-morphing electroactive polymers through multi-material topology optimisation

Rogelio Ortigosa Orcid Logo, Jesús Martínez-Frutos, Antonio Gil Orcid Logo

Applied Mathematical Modelling, Volume: 118, Pages: 346 - 369

Swansea University Author: Antonio Gil Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.apm.2023.01.041

Abstract

This paper presents a novel engineering strategy for the design of Dielectric Elastomer (DE) based actuators,capable of attaining complex electrically induced shape morphing configurations. In this approach, a multilayeredDE prototype, interleaved with compliant electrodes spreading across the entir...

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Published in: Applied Mathematical Modelling
ISSN: 0307-904X
Published: Elsevier BV 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa62475
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In this approach, a multilayeredDE prototype, interleaved with compliant electrodes spreading across the entire faces of the DE, is considered.Careful combination of several DE materials, characterised by different material properties within each of themultiple layers of the device, is pursued. The resulting layout permits the generation of a heterogenous electricfield within the device due to the spatial variation of the material properties within the layers and across them. Anin-silico or computational approach has been developed in order to facilitate the design of new prototypes capableof displaying predefined electrically induced target configurations. Key features of this framework are: (i) use ofa standard two-field Finite Element implementation of the underlying partial differential equations in reversiblenonlinear electromechanics, where the unknown fields ot the resulting discrete problem are displacements andthe scalar electric potential; (ii) introduction of a novel phase-field driven multi-material topology optimisationframework allowing for the consideration of several DE materials with different material properties, favouring thedevelopment of heterogeneous electric fields within the prototype. This novel multi-material framework permits, forthe first time, the consideration of an arbitrary number of differentNDE materials, by means of the introductionofN&#x2212;1 phase-field functions, evolving independently over the different layers across the thickness of the devicethroughN&#x2212;1 Allen-Cahn type evolution equations per layer. A comprehensive series of numerical examplesis analysed, with the aim of exploring the capability of the proposed methodology to propose efficient optimaldesigns. Specifically, the topology optimisation algorithm determines the topology of regions where different DEmaterials must be conveniently placed in order to attain complex electrically induced configurations.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Applied Mathematical Modelling</journal><volume>118</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>346</paginationStart><paginationEnd>369</paginationEnd><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0307-904X</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords>Multi-material; Topology Optimisation; Dielectric Elastomer; Finite Elements; Phase-Field</keywords><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>6</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2023</publishedYear><publishedDate>2023-06-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.apm.2023.01.041</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Civil Engineering</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>CIVL</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>European Training Network Protection (Project ID: 764636) and of the UK Defence, Science and Technology Laboratory.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2023-02-09T09:58:47.1851475</lastEdited><Created>2023-01-31T10:33:16.8616879</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Rogelio</firstname><surname>Ortigosa</surname><orcid>0000-0002-4542-2237</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Jes&#xFA;s</firstname><surname>Mart&#xED;nez-Frutos</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Antonio</firstname><surname>Gil</surname><orcid>0000-0001-7753-1414</orcid><order>3</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>Under embargo</filename><originalFilename>Under embargo</originalFilename><uploaded>2023-01-31T10:40:21.0916206</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>27089686</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Accepted Manuscript</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><embargoDate>2024-02-01T00:00:00.0000000</embargoDate><documentNotes>&#xA9;2023 All rights reserved. All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License (CC-BY-NC-ND)</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2023-02-09T09:58:47.1851475 v2 62475 2023-01-31 Programming shape-morphing electroactive polymers through multi-material topology optimisation 1f5666865d1c6de9469f8b7d0d6d30e2 0000-0001-7753-1414 Antonio Gil Antonio Gil true false 2023-01-31 CIVL This paper presents a novel engineering strategy for the design of Dielectric Elastomer (DE) based actuators,capable of attaining complex electrically induced shape morphing configurations. In this approach, a multilayeredDE prototype, interleaved with compliant electrodes spreading across the entire faces of the DE, is considered.Careful combination of several DE materials, characterised by different material properties within each of themultiple layers of the device, is pursued. The resulting layout permits the generation of a heterogenous electricfield within the device due to the spatial variation of the material properties within the layers and across them. Anin-silico or computational approach has been developed in order to facilitate the design of new prototypes capableof displaying predefined electrically induced target configurations. Key features of this framework are: (i) use ofa standard two-field Finite Element implementation of the underlying partial differential equations in reversiblenonlinear electromechanics, where the unknown fields ot the resulting discrete problem are displacements andthe scalar electric potential; (ii) introduction of a novel phase-field driven multi-material topology optimisationframework allowing for the consideration of several DE materials with different material properties, favouring thedevelopment of heterogeneous electric fields within the prototype. This novel multi-material framework permits, forthe first time, the consideration of an arbitrary number of differentNDE materials, by means of the introductionofN−1 phase-field functions, evolving independently over the different layers across the thickness of the devicethroughN−1 Allen-Cahn type evolution equations per layer. A comprehensive series of numerical examplesis analysed, with the aim of exploring the capability of the proposed methodology to propose efficient optimaldesigns. Specifically, the topology optimisation algorithm determines the topology of regions where different DEmaterials must be conveniently placed in order to attain complex electrically induced configurations. Journal Article Applied Mathematical Modelling 118 346 369 Elsevier BV 0307-904X Multi-material; Topology Optimisation; Dielectric Elastomer; Finite Elements; Phase-Field 1 6 2023 2023-06-01 10.1016/j.apm.2023.01.041 COLLEGE NANME Civil Engineering COLLEGE CODE CIVL Swansea University European Training Network Protection (Project ID: 764636) and of the UK Defence, Science and Technology Laboratory. 2023-02-09T09:58:47.1851475 2023-01-31T10:33:16.8616879 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering Rogelio Ortigosa 0000-0002-4542-2237 1 Jesús Martínez-Frutos 2 Antonio Gil 0000-0001-7753-1414 3 Under embargo Under embargo 2023-01-31T10:40:21.0916206 Output 27089686 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2024-02-01T00:00:00.0000000 ©2023 All rights reserved. All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License (CC-BY-NC-ND) true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
title Programming shape-morphing electroactive polymers through multi-material topology optimisation
spellingShingle Programming shape-morphing electroactive polymers through multi-material topology optimisation
Antonio Gil
title_short Programming shape-morphing electroactive polymers through multi-material topology optimisation
title_full Programming shape-morphing electroactive polymers through multi-material topology optimisation
title_fullStr Programming shape-morphing electroactive polymers through multi-material topology optimisation
title_full_unstemmed Programming shape-morphing electroactive polymers through multi-material topology optimisation
title_sort Programming shape-morphing electroactive polymers through multi-material topology optimisation
author_id_str_mv 1f5666865d1c6de9469f8b7d0d6d30e2
author_id_fullname_str_mv 1f5666865d1c6de9469f8b7d0d6d30e2_***_Antonio Gil
author Antonio Gil
author2 Rogelio Ortigosa
Jesús Martínez-Frutos
Antonio Gil
format Journal article
container_title Applied Mathematical Modelling
container_volume 118
container_start_page 346
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 0307-904X
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.apm.2023.01.041
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description This paper presents a novel engineering strategy for the design of Dielectric Elastomer (DE) based actuators,capable of attaining complex electrically induced shape morphing configurations. In this approach, a multilayeredDE prototype, interleaved with compliant electrodes spreading across the entire faces of the DE, is considered.Careful combination of several DE materials, characterised by different material properties within each of themultiple layers of the device, is pursued. The resulting layout permits the generation of a heterogenous electricfield within the device due to the spatial variation of the material properties within the layers and across them. Anin-silico or computational approach has been developed in order to facilitate the design of new prototypes capableof displaying predefined electrically induced target configurations. Key features of this framework are: (i) use ofa standard two-field Finite Element implementation of the underlying partial differential equations in reversiblenonlinear electromechanics, where the unknown fields ot the resulting discrete problem are displacements andthe scalar electric potential; (ii) introduction of a novel phase-field driven multi-material topology optimisationframework allowing for the consideration of several DE materials with different material properties, favouring thedevelopment of heterogeneous electric fields within the prototype. This novel multi-material framework permits, forthe first time, the consideration of an arbitrary number of differentNDE materials, by means of the introductionofN−1 phase-field functions, evolving independently over the different layers across the thickness of the devicethroughN−1 Allen-Cahn type evolution equations per layer. A comprehensive series of numerical examplesis analysed, with the aim of exploring the capability of the proposed methodology to propose efficient optimaldesigns. Specifically, the topology optimisation algorithm determines the topology of regions where different DEmaterials must be conveniently placed in order to attain complex electrically induced configurations.
published_date 2023-06-01T04:22:07Z
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