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Novel Strategies for the Control of Wireworm in Potato Crops / Benjamin Clunie

Swansea University Author: Benjamin Clunie

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DOI (Published version): 10.23889/SUthesis.62415

Abstract

The biological control of wireworm (Agriotes spp.) in potato crops has not yet caught up to conventional controls at a time in which deregistration of pesticides is increasing, leaving a paucity of options for growers. Some measure of control has been achieved with use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF...

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Published: Swansea 2023
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
Supervisor: Butt, Tariq ; Bull, Jim
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa62415
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first_indexed 2023-01-23T16:49:02Z
last_indexed 2023-01-24T04:19:26Z
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spelling 2023-01-23T16:57:12.5579356 v2 62415 2023-01-23 Novel Strategies for the Control of Wireworm in Potato Crops cce29e902d62a050c29943d30fbe9455 Benjamin Clunie Benjamin Clunie true false 2023-01-23 The biological control of wireworm (Agriotes spp.) in potato crops has not yet caught up to conventional controls at a time in which deregistration of pesticides is increasing, leaving a paucity of options for growers. Some measure of control has been achieved with use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), and to a lesser extent, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), with varying success. Factors affecting efficacy range from instability of pathogens within a soil matrix to difficulty in accurately targeting a subterranean pest in a heterogeneous population. The overall aim of this project was to identify areas for improvement for biological control strategies for wireworm, through identification of bioactive compounds and exploring synergies between these and existing entomopathogens. Using historical research to identify botanical extracts for bioactivity against invertebrate pests, tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and rosemary (Salvia rosemarinus) oils were found to elicit repellent properties in wireworm, positively associated with mortality. Cedarwood (Cedrus atlantica) oil produced the opposite effect, an attractant response with no adverse effects on larval health. The second aspect of the project posited a novel behavioural assay methodology, demonstrating wireworm plant preferences and complex behavioural responses to introduced botanical semiochemicals beyond that of a simple attraction or repulsion. Identified botanicals were then evaluated for compatibility with strains of Metarhizium brunneum, with each of the three exhibiting fungicidal and fungistatic effects on the EPF, but at lower concentrations improving mortality and rate of pathogenicity. Finally, wireworm behavioural responses to EPF inoculations were exploited with two fungal volatile organic compounds (VOC), 1-octen-3-ol and 3-Octanone, found to have direct bioactivity towards wireworm and marginal synergistic effects with a known biological control in the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabiditis bacteriophora. The project has clearly demonstrated methods for improvement for existing biological controls and given strong evidence for use of botanicals as crop protectant compounds in an integration pest management system for potato crops. E-Thesis Swansea Integrated Pest Management; Wireworm; Potato; EPF; EPN; VOC 13 1 2023 2023-01-13 10.23889/SUthesis.62415 ORCiD identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-1778 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Butt, Tariq ; Bull, Jim Doctoral Ph.D KESS II 2023-01-23T16:57:12.5579356 2023-01-23T16:45:52.1888142 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Benjamin Clunie 1 62415__26372__2207ecf3a620468baf687a6a4c6b5f80.pdf Clunie_Benjamin_PhD_Thesis_Final_Redacted_Signature.pdf 2023-01-23T16:52:42.9464472 Output 5486815 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: The author, Benjamin J. Clunie, 2023. true eng
title Novel Strategies for the Control of Wireworm in Potato Crops
spellingShingle Novel Strategies for the Control of Wireworm in Potato Crops
Benjamin Clunie
title_short Novel Strategies for the Control of Wireworm in Potato Crops
title_full Novel Strategies for the Control of Wireworm in Potato Crops
title_fullStr Novel Strategies for the Control of Wireworm in Potato Crops
title_full_unstemmed Novel Strategies for the Control of Wireworm in Potato Crops
title_sort Novel Strategies for the Control of Wireworm in Potato Crops
author_id_str_mv cce29e902d62a050c29943d30fbe9455
author_id_fullname_str_mv cce29e902d62a050c29943d30fbe9455_***_Benjamin Clunie
author Benjamin Clunie
author2 Benjamin Clunie
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/SUthesis.62415
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 1
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description The biological control of wireworm (Agriotes spp.) in potato crops has not yet caught up to conventional controls at a time in which deregistration of pesticides is increasing, leaving a paucity of options for growers. Some measure of control has been achieved with use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), and to a lesser extent, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), with varying success. Factors affecting efficacy range from instability of pathogens within a soil matrix to difficulty in accurately targeting a subterranean pest in a heterogeneous population. The overall aim of this project was to identify areas for improvement for biological control strategies for wireworm, through identification of bioactive compounds and exploring synergies between these and existing entomopathogens. Using historical research to identify botanical extracts for bioactivity against invertebrate pests, tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and rosemary (Salvia rosemarinus) oils were found to elicit repellent properties in wireworm, positively associated with mortality. Cedarwood (Cedrus atlantica) oil produced the opposite effect, an attractant response with no adverse effects on larval health. The second aspect of the project posited a novel behavioural assay methodology, demonstrating wireworm plant preferences and complex behavioural responses to introduced botanical semiochemicals beyond that of a simple attraction or repulsion. Identified botanicals were then evaluated for compatibility with strains of Metarhizium brunneum, with each of the three exhibiting fungicidal and fungistatic effects on the EPF, but at lower concentrations improving mortality and rate of pathogenicity. Finally, wireworm behavioural responses to EPF inoculations were exploited with two fungal volatile organic compounds (VOC), 1-octen-3-ol and 3-Octanone, found to have direct bioactivity towards wireworm and marginal synergistic effects with a known biological control in the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabiditis bacteriophora. The project has clearly demonstrated methods for improvement for existing biological controls and given strong evidence for use of botanicals as crop protectant compounds in an integration pest management system for potato crops.
published_date 2023-01-13T04:22:01Z
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