Improving frequency response for AC interconnected microgrids containing renewable energy resources

Elshenawy, Mahmoud; Abdo, Ashraf Fahmy; Elsamahy, Adel; El, Helmy M.; Kandil, Shaimaa A.

doi:10.3389/fenrg.2022.1035097

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Improving frequency response for AC interconnected microgrids containing renewable energy resources

Mahmoud Elshenawy, Ashraf Fahmy Abdo

, Adel Elsamahy, Helmy M. El Zoghby, Shaimaa A. Kandil

Frontiers in Energy Research, Volume: 10

Swansea University Author: Ashraf Fahmy Abdo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3389/fenrg.2022.1035097

Abstract

Interconnecting two or more microgrids can help improve power system performance under changing operational circumstances by providing mutual and bidirectional power assistance. This study proposes two interconnected AC microgrids based on three renewable energy sources (wind, solar, and biogas). Th...

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Published in:	Frontiers in Energy Research
ISSN:	2296-598X
Published:	Frontiers Media SA 2022
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The wind turbine powers a permanent magnet synchronous generator. A solar photovoltaic system with an appropriate inverter has been installed. In the biogas generator, a biogas engine is connected to a synchronous generator. M1 and M2, two interconnected AC microgrids, are investigated in this study. M2 is connected to a hydro turbine, which provides constant power. The distribution power loss, frequency, and voltage of interconnected AC microgrids are modeled as a multi-objective function (OF). Minimizing this OF will result in optimal power flow and frequency enhancement in interconnected AC microgrids. This research is different from the rest of the research works that talk about the virtual inertia control (VIC) method, as it not only improves frequency using an optimal controller but also achieves optimal power flow in microgrids. In this paper, the following five controllers have been studied: proportional integral controller (PI), fractional-order PI controller (FOPI), fuzzy PI controller (FPI), fuzzy fractional-order PI controller (FFOPI), and VIC based on FFOPI controller. The five controllers are tuned using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to minimize the (OF). The main contribution of this paper is the comprehensive study of the performance of interconnected AC microgrids under step load disturbances, the eventual grid following/forming contingencies, and the virtual inertia control of renewable energy resources used in the structure of the microgrids, and simulation results are recorded using the MATLAB™ platform. The voltages and frequencies of both microgrids settle with zero steady-state error following a disturbance within 0.5 s with less overshoots/undershoots (3.7e-5/-0.12e-3) using VIC. 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spelling	2023-02-03T11:12:24.6417584 v2 62244 2023-01-03 Improving frequency response for AC interconnected microgrids containing renewable energy resources b952b837f8a8447055210d209892b427 0000-0003-1624-1725 Ashraf Fahmy Abdo Ashraf Fahmy Abdo true false 2023-01-03 MECH Interconnecting two or more microgrids can help improve power system performance under changing operational circumstances by providing mutual and bidirectional power assistance. This study proposes two interconnected AC microgrids based on three renewable energy sources (wind, solar, and biogas). The wind turbine powers a permanent magnet synchronous generator. A solar photovoltaic system with an appropriate inverter has been installed. In the biogas generator, a biogas engine is connected to a synchronous generator. M1 and M2, two interconnected AC microgrids, are investigated in this study. M2 is connected to a hydro turbine, which provides constant power. The distribution power loss, frequency, and voltage of interconnected AC microgrids are modeled as a multi-objective function (OF). Minimizing this OF will result in optimal power flow and frequency enhancement in interconnected AC microgrids. This research is different from the rest of the research works that talk about the virtual inertia control (VIC) method, as it not only improves frequency using an optimal controller but also achieves optimal power flow in microgrids. In this paper, the following five controllers have been studied: proportional integral controller (PI), fractional-order PI controller (FOPI), fuzzy PI controller (FPI), fuzzy fractional-order PI controller (FFOPI), and VIC based on FFOPI controller. The five controllers are tuned using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to minimize the (OF). The main contribution of this paper is the comprehensive study of the performance of interconnected AC microgrids under step load disturbances, the eventual grid following/forming contingencies, and the virtual inertia control of renewable energy resources used in the structure of the microgrids, and simulation results are recorded using the MATLAB™ platform. The voltages and frequencies of both microgrids settle with zero steady-state error following a disturbance within 0.5 s with less overshoots/undershoots (3.7e-5/-0.12e-3) using VIC. Moreover, the total power losses of two interconnected microgrids must be considered for the different controllers to identify which one provides the best optimal power flow. Journal Article Frontiers in Energy Research 10 Frontiers Media SA 2296-598X contingency of the power system, fuzzy fractional-order PI (FFOPI), fuzzy PI (FPI), multi-objective optimization, power quality enhancement, virtual inertia control 5 12 2022 2022-12-05 10.3389/fenrg.2022.1035097 COLLEGE NANME Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE MECH Swansea University SU College/Department paid the OA fee Swansea University FSE; the Astute Wales project (part funded by the European Regional Development Fund through the Welsh Government). 2023-02-03T11:12:24.6417584 2023-01-03T11:54:28.0981600 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering Mahmoud Elshenawy 1 Ashraf Fahmy Abdo 0000-0003-1624-1725 2 Adel Elsamahy 3 Helmy M. El Zoghby 4 Shaimaa A. Kandil 5 62244__26172__3735ae2685f0423da5debf608e6e84a5.pdf 62244.pdf 2023-01-03T11:58:20.8120492 Output 5376399 application/pdf Version of Record true This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 153 true https://www.frontiersin.org/ articles/10.3389/fenrg.2022.1035097/full#supplementarymaterial
title	Improving frequency response for AC interconnected microgrids containing renewable energy resources
spellingShingle	Improving frequency response for AC interconnected microgrids containing renewable energy resources Ashraf Fahmy Abdo
title_short	Improving frequency response for AC interconnected microgrids containing renewable energy resources
title_full	Improving frequency response for AC interconnected microgrids containing renewable energy resources
title_fullStr	Improving frequency response for AC interconnected microgrids containing renewable energy resources
title_full_unstemmed	Improving frequency response for AC interconnected microgrids containing renewable energy resources
title_sort	Improving frequency response for AC interconnected microgrids containing renewable energy resources
author_id_str_mv	b952b837f8a8447055210d209892b427
author_id_fullname_str_mv	b952b837f8a8447055210d209892b427_***_Ashraf Fahmy Abdo
author	Ashraf Fahmy Abdo
author2	Mahmoud Elshenawy Ashraf Fahmy Abdo Adel Elsamahy Helmy M. El Zoghby Shaimaa A. Kandil
format	Journal article
container_title	Frontiers in Energy Research
container_volume	10
publishDate	2022
institution	Swansea University
issn	2296-598X
doi_str_mv	10.3389/fenrg.2022.1035097
publisher	Frontiers Media SA
college_str	Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_parent_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str	School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering
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description	Interconnecting two or more microgrids can help improve power system performance under changing operational circumstances by providing mutual and bidirectional power assistance. This study proposes two interconnected AC microgrids based on three renewable energy sources (wind, solar, and biogas). The wind turbine powers a permanent magnet synchronous generator. A solar photovoltaic system with an appropriate inverter has been installed. In the biogas generator, a biogas engine is connected to a synchronous generator. M1 and M2, two interconnected AC microgrids, are investigated in this study. M2 is connected to a hydro turbine, which provides constant power. The distribution power loss, frequency, and voltage of interconnected AC microgrids are modeled as a multi-objective function (OF). Minimizing this OF will result in optimal power flow and frequency enhancement in interconnected AC microgrids. This research is different from the rest of the research works that talk about the virtual inertia control (VIC) method, as it not only improves frequency using an optimal controller but also achieves optimal power flow in microgrids. In this paper, the following five controllers have been studied: proportional integral controller (PI), fractional-order PI controller (FOPI), fuzzy PI controller (FPI), fuzzy fractional-order PI controller (FFOPI), and VIC based on FFOPI controller. The five controllers are tuned using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to minimize the (OF). The main contribution of this paper is the comprehensive study of the performance of interconnected AC microgrids under step load disturbances, the eventual grid following/forming contingencies, and the virtual inertia control of renewable energy resources used in the structure of the microgrids, and simulation results are recorded using the MATLAB™ platform. The voltages and frequencies of both microgrids settle with zero steady-state error following a disturbance within 0.5 s with less overshoots/undershoots (3.7e-5/-0.12e-3) using VIC. Moreover, the total power losses of two interconnected microgrids must be considered for the different controllers to identify which one provides the best optimal power flow.
published_date	2022-12-05T04:21:43Z
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score	11.013082

Improving frequency response for AC interconnected microgrids containing renewable energy resources

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