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A novel carbon nanotubes doped natural rubber nanocomposite with balanced dynamic shear properties and energy dissipation for wave energy applications

Ali Esmaeili, Ian Masters Orcid Logo, Mokarram Hossain Orcid Logo

Results in Materials, Volume: 17, Start page: 100358

Swansea University Authors: Ali Esmaeili, Ian Masters Orcid Logo, Mokarram Hossain Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.rinma.2022.100358

Abstract

Mechanical characterizations of natural rubber filled with carbon-based nanomaterials were extensively studied in tensile and tear modes whereas fewer attempts have been conducted on adynamic shear condition using a double-bonded shear test piece. This is of importance since naturalrubbers are widel...

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Published in: Results in Materials
ISSN: 2590-048X
Published: Elsevier BV 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa62176
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This is of importance since naturalrubbers are widely used as flexible membranes for wave energy harvesting devices. Therefore, thisstudy was aimed to explore the microstructural, rheological, and dynamic viscoelastic characteristics of natural rubbers filled with different Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) contents. A combined compounding approach was employed to ensure a homogenous CNT dispersion was achieved. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed for the materials characterization while the processability and curing parameters of the compounds were investigated using the Mooney viscosity and rheometry test. Dynamic shear properties were compared using a cyclic test performed on a double-bonded shear test piece. TEM images showed that an optimum CNTs dispersion was reached at 3 phr MWCNTs loading whereas increasing CNT content resulted in further inhomogeneity in the sample. The addition of CNTs into the natural rubber not only improved the curing properties of the compound, i.e., low scorch and curing times, but it also increased the Mooney viscosity, the rheological properties, and the dynamic shear properties of the nanocomposite compared to the pristine rubber. The Payne and Mullins effects were also observed for all compounds manifesting dependency on the CNTs content and applied strain amplitude. Finally, MWCNT enhanced the dissipated energy of the nanocomposites with respect to the neat rubber in which an increase of 1040 % in energy dissipation for 10 phr MWCNTs compared to the control at a strain amplitude of 200% was achieved.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Results in Materials</journal><volume>17</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>100358</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>2590-048X</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords>Natural rubber, CNTs, Shear test, Payne effect, Mullins effect, Hysteresis loss, energy dissipation</keywords><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>3</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2023</publishedYear><publishedDate>2023-03-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.rinma.2022.100358</doi><url/><notes>Data will be made available on request.</notes><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Mechanical Engineering</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>MECH</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>External research funder(s) paid the OA fee (includes OA grants disbursed by the Library)</apcterm><funders>UKRI, EP/S000747/1.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2022-12-28T18:09:36.9736937</lastEdited><Created>2022-12-15T11:59:57.1098236</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Ali</firstname><surname>Esmaeili</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Ian</firstname><surname>Masters</surname><orcid>0000-0001-7667-6670</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Mokarram</firstname><surname>Hossain</surname><orcid>0000-0002-4616-1104</orcid><order>3</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>62176__26108__6fd778b1270746839739be4d268915b4.pdf</filename><originalFilename>62176.VOR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-12-21T10:58:51.2962001</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>16732214</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 CC-BY licence.</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2022-12-28T18:09:36.9736937 v2 62176 2022-12-15 A novel carbon nanotubes doped natural rubber nanocomposite with balanced dynamic shear properties and energy dissipation for wave energy applications 25f6a899c6e8e4fa6f8c3b85f0a27c4d Ali Esmaeili Ali Esmaeili true false 6fa19551092853928cde0e6d5fac48a1 0000-0001-7667-6670 Ian Masters Ian Masters true false 140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd 0000-0002-4616-1104 Mokarram Hossain Mokarram Hossain true false 2022-12-15 MECH Mechanical characterizations of natural rubber filled with carbon-based nanomaterials were extensively studied in tensile and tear modes whereas fewer attempts have been conducted on adynamic shear condition using a double-bonded shear test piece. This is of importance since naturalrubbers are widely used as flexible membranes for wave energy harvesting devices. Therefore, thisstudy was aimed to explore the microstructural, rheological, and dynamic viscoelastic characteristics of natural rubbers filled with different Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) contents. A combined compounding approach was employed to ensure a homogenous CNT dispersion was achieved. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed for the materials characterization while the processability and curing parameters of the compounds were investigated using the Mooney viscosity and rheometry test. Dynamic shear properties were compared using a cyclic test performed on a double-bonded shear test piece. TEM images showed that an optimum CNTs dispersion was reached at 3 phr MWCNTs loading whereas increasing CNT content resulted in further inhomogeneity in the sample. The addition of CNTs into the natural rubber not only improved the curing properties of the compound, i.e., low scorch and curing times, but it also increased the Mooney viscosity, the rheological properties, and the dynamic shear properties of the nanocomposite compared to the pristine rubber. The Payne and Mullins effects were also observed for all compounds manifesting dependency on the CNTs content and applied strain amplitude. Finally, MWCNT enhanced the dissipated energy of the nanocomposites with respect to the neat rubber in which an increase of 1040 % in energy dissipation for 10 phr MWCNTs compared to the control at a strain amplitude of 200% was achieved. Journal Article Results in Materials 17 100358 Elsevier BV 2590-048X Natural rubber, CNTs, Shear test, Payne effect, Mullins effect, Hysteresis loss, energy dissipation 1 3 2023 2023-03-01 10.1016/j.rinma.2022.100358 Data will be made available on request. COLLEGE NANME Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE MECH Swansea University External research funder(s) paid the OA fee (includes OA grants disbursed by the Library) UKRI, EP/S000747/1. 2022-12-28T18:09:36.9736937 2022-12-15T11:59:57.1098236 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering Ali Esmaeili 1 Ian Masters 0000-0001-7667-6670 2 Mokarram Hossain 0000-0002-4616-1104 3 62176__26108__6fd778b1270746839739be4d268915b4.pdf 62176.VOR.pdf 2022-12-21T10:58:51.2962001 Output 16732214 application/pdf Version of Record true Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 CC-BY licence. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title A novel carbon nanotubes doped natural rubber nanocomposite with balanced dynamic shear properties and energy dissipation for wave energy applications
spellingShingle A novel carbon nanotubes doped natural rubber nanocomposite with balanced dynamic shear properties and energy dissipation for wave energy applications
Ali Esmaeili
Ian Masters
Mokarram Hossain
title_short A novel carbon nanotubes doped natural rubber nanocomposite with balanced dynamic shear properties and energy dissipation for wave energy applications
title_full A novel carbon nanotubes doped natural rubber nanocomposite with balanced dynamic shear properties and energy dissipation for wave energy applications
title_fullStr A novel carbon nanotubes doped natural rubber nanocomposite with balanced dynamic shear properties and energy dissipation for wave energy applications
title_full_unstemmed A novel carbon nanotubes doped natural rubber nanocomposite with balanced dynamic shear properties and energy dissipation for wave energy applications
title_sort A novel carbon nanotubes doped natural rubber nanocomposite with balanced dynamic shear properties and energy dissipation for wave energy applications
author_id_str_mv 25f6a899c6e8e4fa6f8c3b85f0a27c4d
6fa19551092853928cde0e6d5fac48a1
140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd
author_id_fullname_str_mv 25f6a899c6e8e4fa6f8c3b85f0a27c4d_***_Ali Esmaeili
6fa19551092853928cde0e6d5fac48a1_***_Ian Masters
140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd_***_Mokarram Hossain
author Ali Esmaeili
Ian Masters
Mokarram Hossain
author2 Ali Esmaeili
Ian Masters
Mokarram Hossain
format Journal article
container_title Results in Materials
container_volume 17
container_start_page 100358
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 2590-048X
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.rinma.2022.100358
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering
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description Mechanical characterizations of natural rubber filled with carbon-based nanomaterials were extensively studied in tensile and tear modes whereas fewer attempts have been conducted on adynamic shear condition using a double-bonded shear test piece. This is of importance since naturalrubbers are widely used as flexible membranes for wave energy harvesting devices. Therefore, thisstudy was aimed to explore the microstructural, rheological, and dynamic viscoelastic characteristics of natural rubbers filled with different Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) contents. A combined compounding approach was employed to ensure a homogenous CNT dispersion was achieved. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed for the materials characterization while the processability and curing parameters of the compounds were investigated using the Mooney viscosity and rheometry test. Dynamic shear properties were compared using a cyclic test performed on a double-bonded shear test piece. TEM images showed that an optimum CNTs dispersion was reached at 3 phr MWCNTs loading whereas increasing CNT content resulted in further inhomogeneity in the sample. The addition of CNTs into the natural rubber not only improved the curing properties of the compound, i.e., low scorch and curing times, but it also increased the Mooney viscosity, the rheological properties, and the dynamic shear properties of the nanocomposite compared to the pristine rubber. The Payne and Mullins effects were also observed for all compounds manifesting dependency on the CNTs content and applied strain amplitude. Finally, MWCNT enhanced the dissipated energy of the nanocomposites with respect to the neat rubber in which an increase of 1040 % in energy dissipation for 10 phr MWCNTs compared to the control at a strain amplitude of 200% was achieved.
published_date 2023-03-01T04:21:35Z
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score 11.014067

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