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Estimating fine-scale changes in turbulence using the movements of a flapping flier

Manos Lempidakis, Andrew N. Ross Orcid Logo, Michael Quetting, Baptiste Garde, Martin Wikelski, Emily Shepard Orcid Logo

Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Volume: 19, Issue: 196

Swansea University Authors: Manos Lempidakis, Baptiste Garde, Emily Shepard Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1098/rsif.2022.0577

Abstract

All animals that operate within the atmospheric boundary layer need to respond to aerial turbulence. Yet little is known about how flying animals do this because evaluating turbulence at fine scales (tens to approx. 300 m) is exceedingly difficult. Recently, data from animal-borne sensors have been...

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Published in: Journal of The Royal Society Interface
ISSN: 1742-5662
Published: The Royal Society 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa62024
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Yet little is known about how flying animals do this because evaluating turbulence at fine scales (tens to approx. 300 m) is exceedingly difficult. Recently, data from animal-borne sensors have been used to assess wind and updraft strength, providing a new possibility for sensing the physical environment. We tested whether highly resolved changes in altitude and body acceleration measured onboard solo-flying pigeons (as model flapping fliers) can be used as qualitative proxies for turbulence. A range of pressure and acceleration proxies performed well when tested against independent turbulence measurements from a tri-axial anemometer mounted onboard an ultralight flying the same route, with stronger turbulence causing increasing vertical displacement. The best proxy for turbulence also varied with estimates of both convective velocity and wind shear. The approximately linear relationship between most proxies and turbulence levels suggests this approach should be widely applicable, providing insight into how turbulence changes in space and time. 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spelling 2022-12-13T16:02:27.8931443 v2 62024 2022-11-24 Estimating fine-scale changes in turbulence using the movements of a flapping flier 7ddccac6c4aa55c9362bca7def907848 Manos Lempidakis Manos Lempidakis true false 0d5e96ee58acfec4771c81cd2cb4cca8 Baptiste Garde Baptiste Garde true false 54729295145aa1ea56d176818d51ed6a 0000-0001-7325-6398 Emily Shepard Emily Shepard true false 2022-11-24 SBI All animals that operate within the atmospheric boundary layer need to respond to aerial turbulence. Yet little is known about how flying animals do this because evaluating turbulence at fine scales (tens to approx. 300 m) is exceedingly difficult. Recently, data from animal-borne sensors have been used to assess wind and updraft strength, providing a new possibility for sensing the physical environment. We tested whether highly resolved changes in altitude and body acceleration measured onboard solo-flying pigeons (as model flapping fliers) can be used as qualitative proxies for turbulence. A range of pressure and acceleration proxies performed well when tested against independent turbulence measurements from a tri-axial anemometer mounted onboard an ultralight flying the same route, with stronger turbulence causing increasing vertical displacement. The best proxy for turbulence also varied with estimates of both convective velocity and wind shear. The approximately linear relationship between most proxies and turbulence levels suggests this approach should be widely applicable, providing insight into how turbulence changes in space and time. Furthermore, pigeons were able to fly in levels of turbulence that were unsafe for the ultralight, paving the way for the study of how freestream turbulence affects the costs and kinematics of animal flight. Journal Article Journal of The Royal Society Interface 19 196 The Royal Society 1742-5662 9 11 2022 2022-11-09 10.1098/rsif.2022.0577 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences COLLEGE CODE SBI Swansea University E.L., B.G. and E.L.C.S. were supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme grant 715874 (to E.L.C.S.) and a Max Planck Sabbatical Fellowship to E.L.C.S. We also acknowledge funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy EXC 2117–422037984. 2022-12-13T16:02:27.8931443 2022-11-24T11:07:09.4773450 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Manos Lempidakis 1 Andrew N. Ross 0000-0002-8631-3512 2 Michael Quetting 3 Baptiste Garde 4 Martin Wikelski 5 Emily Shepard 0000-0001-7325-6398 6 62024__25893__3875ce6c97f7417cbc1b7ec57c78f04c.pdf 62024.pdf 2022-11-24T11:09:54.3450640 Output 1349127 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Estimating fine-scale changes in turbulence using the movements of a flapping flier
spellingShingle Estimating fine-scale changes in turbulence using the movements of a flapping flier
Manos Lempidakis
Baptiste Garde
Emily Shepard
title_short Estimating fine-scale changes in turbulence using the movements of a flapping flier
title_full Estimating fine-scale changes in turbulence using the movements of a flapping flier
title_fullStr Estimating fine-scale changes in turbulence using the movements of a flapping flier
title_full_unstemmed Estimating fine-scale changes in turbulence using the movements of a flapping flier
title_sort Estimating fine-scale changes in turbulence using the movements of a flapping flier
author_id_str_mv 7ddccac6c4aa55c9362bca7def907848
0d5e96ee58acfec4771c81cd2cb4cca8
54729295145aa1ea56d176818d51ed6a
author_id_fullname_str_mv 7ddccac6c4aa55c9362bca7def907848_***_Manos Lempidakis
0d5e96ee58acfec4771c81cd2cb4cca8_***_Baptiste Garde
54729295145aa1ea56d176818d51ed6a_***_Emily Shepard
author Manos Lempidakis
Baptiste Garde
Emily Shepard
author2 Manos Lempidakis
Andrew N. Ross
Michael Quetting
Baptiste Garde
Martin Wikelski
Emily Shepard
format Journal article
container_title Journal of The Royal Society Interface
container_volume 19
container_issue 196
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 1742-5662
doi_str_mv 10.1098/rsif.2022.0577
publisher The Royal Society
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 1
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description All animals that operate within the atmospheric boundary layer need to respond to aerial turbulence. Yet little is known about how flying animals do this because evaluating turbulence at fine scales (tens to approx. 300 m) is exceedingly difficult. Recently, data from animal-borne sensors have been used to assess wind and updraft strength, providing a new possibility for sensing the physical environment. We tested whether highly resolved changes in altitude and body acceleration measured onboard solo-flying pigeons (as model flapping fliers) can be used as qualitative proxies for turbulence. A range of pressure and acceleration proxies performed well when tested against independent turbulence measurements from a tri-axial anemometer mounted onboard an ultralight flying the same route, with stronger turbulence causing increasing vertical displacement. The best proxy for turbulence also varied with estimates of both convective velocity and wind shear. The approximately linear relationship between most proxies and turbulence levels suggests this approach should be widely applicable, providing insight into how turbulence changes in space and time. Furthermore, pigeons were able to fly in levels of turbulence that were unsafe for the ultralight, paving the way for the study of how freestream turbulence affects the costs and kinematics of animal flight.
published_date 2022-11-09T04:21:19Z
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