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Physico-chemical properties of waste derived biochar from community scale faecal sludge treatment plants

Hannah Larissa Nicholas Orcid Logo, Ian Mabbett Orcid Logo, Henry Apsey Orcid Logo, Iain Robertson Orcid Logo

Gates Open Research, Volume: 6, Start page: 96

Swansea University Authors: Ian Mabbett Orcid Logo, Iain Robertson Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.12688/gatesopenres.13727.1

Abstract

Background: The dumping of untreated faecal sludge from non-sewered onsite sanitation facilities causes environmental pollution and exacerbates poor public health outcomes across developing nations. Long-term mechanisms to treat faecal sludge generated from these facilities are needed to resolve the...

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Published in: Gates Open Research
ISSN: 2572-4754
Published: F1000 Research Ltd 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa61506
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Long-term mechanisms to treat faecal sludge generated from these facilities are needed to resolve the global sanitation crisis and realize the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 &#x201C;ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all&#x201D; by 2030. Pyrolysis of faecal sludge removes pathogens and generates biochar, which can be used as a soil enhancer.Methods: The properties of faecal sludge biochars from three full-scale treatment plants in India were determined via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD), proximate analyses, and BET surface area porosimetry.Results: Results showed that all three biochars had low specific surface area, high alkaline pH values, high ash content, and negative surface charge. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed the same surface functional groups present in each biochar. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the mineral composition of each biochar differed slightly. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated a porous structure of each biochar with ash particles evident.Conclusions: Slight differences in the ash content, surface area, pH and mineral content was observed between the three biochars.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Gates Open Research</journal><volume>6</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>96</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>F1000 Research Ltd</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>2572-4754</issnElectronic><keywords>Biochar, Faecal Sludge, Fecal, Characterization, Properties, Pyrolysis, Sanitation</keywords><publishedDay>4</publishedDay><publishedMonth>8</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-08-04</publishedDate><doi>10.12688/gatesopenres.13727.1</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Engineering and Applied Sciences School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>EAAS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>The authors thank the staff of Tide Technocrats Ltd. for the supply of biochar, Tom Dunlop (Swansea University), Mariolino Carta (Swansea University), Gabriel Sigmund (University of Vienna) and Maria Santiso Taboada (University of Santiago de Compostela). XRD and SEM analysis assistance provided by Swansea University College of Engineering AIM facility, which is funded in part by the EPSRC (EP/M028267/1), the European Regional Development Fund through the Welsh Government (80708) and Ser Solar project via Welsh Government.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2022-10-20T14:25:46.9974587</lastEdited><Created>2022-10-10T16:07:07.0349287</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Hannah Larissa</firstname><surname>Nicholas</surname><orcid>0000-0002-2710-6070</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Ian</firstname><surname>Mabbett</surname><orcid>0000-0003-2959-1716</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Henry</firstname><surname>Apsey</surname><orcid>0000-0001-6095-7646</orcid><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Iain</firstname><surname>Robertson</surname><orcid>0000-0001-7174-4523</orcid><order>4</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>61506__25531__c811846d1dcb41c2a46a1a3063a712a0.pdf</filename><originalFilename>61506_VoR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-10-20T14:24:31.7411291</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1343107</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>&#xA9; 2022 Nicholas HL et al. 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spelling 2022-10-20T14:25:46.9974587 v2 61506 2022-10-10 Physico-chemical properties of waste derived biochar from community scale faecal sludge treatment plants 5363e29b6a34d3e72b5d31140c9b51f0 0000-0003-2959-1716 Ian Mabbett Ian Mabbett true false ef8912c57e0140e9ecb2a69b7e34467e 0000-0001-7174-4523 Iain Robertson Iain Robertson true false 2022-10-10 EAAS Background: The dumping of untreated faecal sludge from non-sewered onsite sanitation facilities causes environmental pollution and exacerbates poor public health outcomes across developing nations. Long-term mechanisms to treat faecal sludge generated from these facilities are needed to resolve the global sanitation crisis and realize the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 “ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all” by 2030. Pyrolysis of faecal sludge removes pathogens and generates biochar, which can be used as a soil enhancer.Methods: The properties of faecal sludge biochars from three full-scale treatment plants in India were determined via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD), proximate analyses, and BET surface area porosimetry.Results: Results showed that all three biochars had low specific surface area, high alkaline pH values, high ash content, and negative surface charge. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed the same surface functional groups present in each biochar. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the mineral composition of each biochar differed slightly. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated a porous structure of each biochar with ash particles evident.Conclusions: Slight differences in the ash content, surface area, pH and mineral content was observed between the three biochars. Journal Article Gates Open Research 6 96 F1000 Research Ltd 2572-4754 Biochar, Faecal Sludge, Fecal, Characterization, Properties, Pyrolysis, Sanitation 4 8 2022 2022-08-04 10.12688/gatesopenres.13727.1 COLLEGE NANME Engineering and Applied Sciences School COLLEGE CODE EAAS Swansea University The authors thank the staff of Tide Technocrats Ltd. for the supply of biochar, Tom Dunlop (Swansea University), Mariolino Carta (Swansea University), Gabriel Sigmund (University of Vienna) and Maria Santiso Taboada (University of Santiago de Compostela). XRD and SEM analysis assistance provided by Swansea University College of Engineering AIM facility, which is funded in part by the EPSRC (EP/M028267/1), the European Regional Development Fund through the Welsh Government (80708) and Ser Solar project via Welsh Government. 2022-10-20T14:25:46.9974587 2022-10-10T16:07:07.0349287 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised Hannah Larissa Nicholas 0000-0002-2710-6070 1 Ian Mabbett 0000-0003-2959-1716 2 Henry Apsey 0000-0001-6095-7646 3 Iain Robertson 0000-0001-7174-4523 4 61506__25531__c811846d1dcb41c2a46a1a3063a712a0.pdf 61506_VoR.pdf 2022-10-20T14:24:31.7411291 Output 1343107 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 Nicholas HL et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Physico-chemical properties of waste derived biochar from community scale faecal sludge treatment plants
spellingShingle Physico-chemical properties of waste derived biochar from community scale faecal sludge treatment plants
Ian Mabbett
Iain Robertson
title_short Physico-chemical properties of waste derived biochar from community scale faecal sludge treatment plants
title_full Physico-chemical properties of waste derived biochar from community scale faecal sludge treatment plants
title_fullStr Physico-chemical properties of waste derived biochar from community scale faecal sludge treatment plants
title_full_unstemmed Physico-chemical properties of waste derived biochar from community scale faecal sludge treatment plants
title_sort Physico-chemical properties of waste derived biochar from community scale faecal sludge treatment plants
author_id_str_mv 5363e29b6a34d3e72b5d31140c9b51f0
ef8912c57e0140e9ecb2a69b7e34467e
author_id_fullname_str_mv 5363e29b6a34d3e72b5d31140c9b51f0_***_Ian Mabbett
ef8912c57e0140e9ecb2a69b7e34467e_***_Iain Robertson
author Ian Mabbett
Iain Robertson
author2 Hannah Larissa Nicholas
Ian Mabbett
Henry Apsey
Iain Robertson
format Journal article
container_title Gates Open Research
container_volume 6
container_start_page 96
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 2572-4754
doi_str_mv 10.12688/gatesopenres.13727.1
publisher F1000 Research Ltd
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
document_store_str 1
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description Background: The dumping of untreated faecal sludge from non-sewered onsite sanitation facilities causes environmental pollution and exacerbates poor public health outcomes across developing nations. Long-term mechanisms to treat faecal sludge generated from these facilities are needed to resolve the global sanitation crisis and realize the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 “ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all” by 2030. Pyrolysis of faecal sludge removes pathogens and generates biochar, which can be used as a soil enhancer.Methods: The properties of faecal sludge biochars from three full-scale treatment plants in India were determined via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD), proximate analyses, and BET surface area porosimetry.Results: Results showed that all three biochars had low specific surface area, high alkaline pH values, high ash content, and negative surface charge. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed the same surface functional groups present in each biochar. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the mineral composition of each biochar differed slightly. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated a porous structure of each biochar with ash particles evident.Conclusions: Slight differences in the ash content, surface area, pH and mineral content was observed between the three biochars.
published_date 2022-08-04T02:33:04Z
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