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Microstructural evaluation and recommendations for face masks in community use to reduce the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases

Alp Karakoç Orcid Logo, Arttu Miettinen Orcid Logo, Emrah Sozumert, Llion Evans Orcid Logo, Hüseyin Yiğitler Orcid Logo, Başak Bostanci Orcid Logo, Ertuğrul Taciroğlu Orcid Logo, Riku Jäntti Orcid Logo

Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, Volume: 226, Start page: 107154

Swansea University Authors: Emrah Sozumert, Llion Evans Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107154

Abstract

Background and objectives: Recommendations for the use of face masks to prevent and protect against the aerosols (5µm) and respiratory droplet particles (5µm), which can carry and transmit respiratory infections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), have been in effec...

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Published in: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
ISSN: 0169-2607
Published: Elsevier BV 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa61354
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The particle filtration efficiency (PFE) and air permeability are the most crucial factors affecting the level of pathogen transmission and breathability, i.e. wearer comfort, which should be investigated in detail. Methods: In this context, this article presents a novel assessment framework for face masks combining X-ray microtomography and computational fluid dynamics simulations. In consideration to their widespread public use, two types of face masks were assessed: (I) two layer non-woven face masks and (II) the surgical masks (made out of a melt-blown fabric layer covered with two non-woven fabric layers). Results: The results demonstrate that the surgical masks provide PFEs over 75% for particles with diameter over 0.1&#xB5;m while two layer face masks are found out to have insufficient PFEs, even for the particles with diameter over 2&#xB5;m (corresponding PFE is computed as 47.2%). Thus, existence of both the non-woven fabric layers for mechanical filtration and insertion of melt-blown fabric layer(s) for electrostatic filtration in the face masks were found to be highly critical to prevent the airborne pathogen transmission. Conclusions: The present framework would assist in computational assessment of commonly used face mask types based on their microstructural characteristics including fiber diameter, orientation distributions and fiber network density. 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spelling 2022-10-12T11:36:10.7049866 v2 61354 2022-09-27 Microstructural evaluation and recommendations for face masks in community use to reduce the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases b8ac8b1c1fcfdb5130307da08e1e46e1 Emrah Sozumert Emrah Sozumert true false 74dc5084c47484922a6e0135ebcb9402 0000-0002-4964-4187 Llion Evans Llion Evans true false 2022-09-27 ACEM Background and objectives: Recommendations for the use of face masks to prevent and protect against the aerosols (5µm) and respiratory droplet particles (5µm), which can carry and transmit respiratory infections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), have been in effect since the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The particle filtration efficiency (PFE) and air permeability are the most crucial factors affecting the level of pathogen transmission and breathability, i.e. wearer comfort, which should be investigated in detail. Methods: In this context, this article presents a novel assessment framework for face masks combining X-ray microtomography and computational fluid dynamics simulations. In consideration to their widespread public use, two types of face masks were assessed: (I) two layer non-woven face masks and (II) the surgical masks (made out of a melt-blown fabric layer covered with two non-woven fabric layers). Results: The results demonstrate that the surgical masks provide PFEs over 75% for particles with diameter over 0.1µm while two layer face masks are found out to have insufficient PFEs, even for the particles with diameter over 2µm (corresponding PFE is computed as 47.2%). Thus, existence of both the non-woven fabric layers for mechanical filtration and insertion of melt-blown fabric layer(s) for electrostatic filtration in the face masks were found to be highly critical to prevent the airborne pathogen transmission. Conclusions: The present framework would assist in computational assessment of commonly used face mask types based on their microstructural characteristics including fiber diameter, orientation distributions and fiber network density. Therefore, it would be also possible to provide new yet feasible design routes for face masks to ensure reliable personal protection and optimal breathability. Journal Article Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 226 107154 Elsevier BV 0169-2607 SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Face masks; Airborne pathogen; X-ray microtomography; Computational fluid dynamics 1 11 2022 2022-11-01 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107154 COLLEGE NANME Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE ACEM Swansea University A.K., H.Y. and R.J. also acknowledges the funding through Academy of Finland BESIMAL (Decision No. 334197) and Aalto University, Department of Communications and Networking. This work has also received funding in part from the EPSRC UK (grant number EP/R012091/1). 2022-10-12T11:36:10.7049866 2022-09-27T12:00:06.8225627 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering Alp Karakoç 0000-0002-2010-9607 1 Arttu Miettinen 0000-0003-3132-0544 2 Emrah Sozumert 3 Llion Evans 0000-0002-4964-4187 4 Hüseyin Yiğitler 0000-0002-7794-2763 5 Başak Bostanci 0000-0001-5483-2767 6 Ertuğrul Taciroğlu 0000-0001-9618-1210 7 Riku Jäntti 0000-0002-5398-2381 8 61354__25420__eaf033832c764bb89892920dad7fb8b5.pdf 61354_VoR.pdf 2022-10-12T11:34:12.7132589 Output 6089826 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CC BY license true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Microstructural evaluation and recommendations for face masks in community use to reduce the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases
spellingShingle Microstructural evaluation and recommendations for face masks in community use to reduce the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases
Emrah Sozumert
Llion Evans
title_short Microstructural evaluation and recommendations for face masks in community use to reduce the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases
title_full Microstructural evaluation and recommendations for face masks in community use to reduce the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases
title_fullStr Microstructural evaluation and recommendations for face masks in community use to reduce the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases
title_full_unstemmed Microstructural evaluation and recommendations for face masks in community use to reduce the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases
title_sort Microstructural evaluation and recommendations for face masks in community use to reduce the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases
author_id_str_mv b8ac8b1c1fcfdb5130307da08e1e46e1
74dc5084c47484922a6e0135ebcb9402
author_id_fullname_str_mv b8ac8b1c1fcfdb5130307da08e1e46e1_***_Emrah Sozumert
74dc5084c47484922a6e0135ebcb9402_***_Llion Evans
author Emrah Sozumert
Llion Evans
author2 Alp Karakoç
Arttu Miettinen
Emrah Sozumert
Llion Evans
Hüseyin Yiğitler
Başak Bostanci
Ertuğrul Taciroğlu
Riku Jäntti
format Journal article
container_title Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
container_volume 226
container_start_page 107154
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 0169-2607
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107154
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Background and objectives: Recommendations for the use of face masks to prevent and protect against the aerosols (5µm) and respiratory droplet particles (5µm), which can carry and transmit respiratory infections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), have been in effect since the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The particle filtration efficiency (PFE) and air permeability are the most crucial factors affecting the level of pathogen transmission and breathability, i.e. wearer comfort, which should be investigated in detail. Methods: In this context, this article presents a novel assessment framework for face masks combining X-ray microtomography and computational fluid dynamics simulations. In consideration to their widespread public use, two types of face masks were assessed: (I) two layer non-woven face masks and (II) the surgical masks (made out of a melt-blown fabric layer covered with two non-woven fabric layers). Results: The results demonstrate that the surgical masks provide PFEs over 75% for particles with diameter over 0.1µm while two layer face masks are found out to have insufficient PFEs, even for the particles with diameter over 2µm (corresponding PFE is computed as 47.2%). Thus, existence of both the non-woven fabric layers for mechanical filtration and insertion of melt-blown fabric layer(s) for electrostatic filtration in the face masks were found to be highly critical to prevent the airborne pathogen transmission. Conclusions: The present framework would assist in computational assessment of commonly used face mask types based on their microstructural characteristics including fiber diameter, orientation distributions and fiber network density. Therefore, it would be also possible to provide new yet feasible design routes for face masks to ensure reliable personal protection and optimal breathability.
published_date 2022-11-01T08:10:35Z
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score 11.047306

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