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Valorising Nutrient-Rich Digestate as a Waste-Based Media for Microalgal Cultivation: Bench-Scale Filtration Characterisation and Scale-Up for a Commercial Recovery Process

Yilu Xu, James Russell, Gahtan S. M. Algahtani, Darren Oatley-Radcliffe Orcid Logo

Energies, Volume: 15, Issue: 16, Start page: 5976

Swansea University Authors: Yilu Xu, James Russell, Darren Oatley-Radcliffe Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/en15165976

Abstract

Cultivating microalgae requires a nitrogen and phosphorous feed source. Anaerobic digestion waste (digestate) provides a cheap sustainable feedstock for these materials. Previous studies have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of nutrient recovery and subsequent algae growth. There is now a n...

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Published in: Energies
ISSN: 1996-1073
Published: MDPI AG 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa61324
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spelling 2022-10-13T12:02:19.5059724 v2 61324 2022-09-26 Valorising Nutrient-Rich Digestate as a Waste-Based Media for Microalgal Cultivation: Bench-Scale Filtration Characterisation and Scale-Up for a Commercial Recovery Process be1287ab985c916ffaf9602e7f1e5c11 Yilu Xu Yilu Xu true false 4ad47527c475ae228d69747c0c21f148 James Russell James Russell true false 6dfb5ec2932455c778a5aa168c18cffd 0000-0003-4116-723X Darren Oatley-Radcliffe Darren Oatley-Radcliffe true false 2022-09-26 EEN Cultivating microalgae requires a nitrogen and phosphorous feed source. Anaerobic digestion waste (digestate) provides a cheap sustainable feedstock for these materials. Previous studies have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of nutrient recovery and subsequent algae growth. There is now a need to fully characterise digestate filtration to improve our understanding of this process prior to its commercialisation. In this work, digestate filtration is characterised at bench scale using frontal (dead-end) filtration and a 100 kDa MWCO ultrafiltration membrane. Our experiments demonstrated rapid cake formation causing significant flux decline. The steady-state permeate flux for digestate was 2.4 to 4.8 L m−2 h−1, a reduction of ~90% compared to clean water flux. The specific cake resistance was ~1015 m kg−1 and the compressibility index 1.07. A series of four filtration and cleaning cycles showed 90% flux recovery following a clean water wash. Digestate filtration was then evaluated at a commercial scale using crossflow and the KOCH ABCOR® tubular membrane (100 kDa MWCO). The results were similar to those at the bench scale, i.e., rapid initial fouling leading to a period of steady-state flux (approximately 7 L m−2 h−1). The commercial membrane was flushed with water and diluted bleach after each use, and a digestate permeate flux decline of only 4.8% over a 12-month active use period was observed. The present research provides bench scale characterisation and demonstrates the commercial scale operation of anaerobic digestate filtration using ultrafiltration. The overall filtration performance was excellent, and the process can now be scaled to any operational capacity. Journal Article Energies 15 16 5976 MDPI AG 1996-1073 filtration; nutrient; scale-up; characterisation; cleaning; algae 18 8 2022 2022-08-18 10.3390/en15165976 COLLEGE NANME Engineering COLLEGE CODE EEN Swansea University This work was part funded by the ALG-AD project funded under the INTERREG NorthWest Europe program (project number: NWE 520) and the RICE project funded by the Welsh European Funding Office (WEFO) through the Welsh Government. 2022-10-13T12:02:19.5059724 2022-09-26T10:14:04.1828693 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering Yilu Xu 1 James Russell 2 Gahtan S. M. Algahtani 3 Darren Oatley-Radcliffe 0000-0003-4116-723X 4 61324__25437__9f1f45e27bf64f0ba08ebb73c8aae1c0.pdf 61324_VoR.pdf 2022-10-13T12:01:27.7760272 Output 3713364 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Valorising Nutrient-Rich Digestate as a Waste-Based Media for Microalgal Cultivation: Bench-Scale Filtration Characterisation and Scale-Up for a Commercial Recovery Process
spellingShingle Valorising Nutrient-Rich Digestate as a Waste-Based Media for Microalgal Cultivation: Bench-Scale Filtration Characterisation and Scale-Up for a Commercial Recovery Process
Yilu Xu
James Russell
Darren Oatley-Radcliffe
title_short Valorising Nutrient-Rich Digestate as a Waste-Based Media for Microalgal Cultivation: Bench-Scale Filtration Characterisation and Scale-Up for a Commercial Recovery Process
title_full Valorising Nutrient-Rich Digestate as a Waste-Based Media for Microalgal Cultivation: Bench-Scale Filtration Characterisation and Scale-Up for a Commercial Recovery Process
title_fullStr Valorising Nutrient-Rich Digestate as a Waste-Based Media for Microalgal Cultivation: Bench-Scale Filtration Characterisation and Scale-Up for a Commercial Recovery Process
title_full_unstemmed Valorising Nutrient-Rich Digestate as a Waste-Based Media for Microalgal Cultivation: Bench-Scale Filtration Characterisation and Scale-Up for a Commercial Recovery Process
title_sort Valorising Nutrient-Rich Digestate as a Waste-Based Media for Microalgal Cultivation: Bench-Scale Filtration Characterisation and Scale-Up for a Commercial Recovery Process
author_id_str_mv be1287ab985c916ffaf9602e7f1e5c11
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author_id_fullname_str_mv be1287ab985c916ffaf9602e7f1e5c11_***_Yilu Xu
4ad47527c475ae228d69747c0c21f148_***_James Russell
6dfb5ec2932455c778a5aa168c18cffd_***_Darren Oatley-Radcliffe
author Yilu Xu
James Russell
Darren Oatley-Radcliffe
author2 Yilu Xu
James Russell
Gahtan S. M. Algahtani
Darren Oatley-Radcliffe
format Journal article
container_title Energies
container_volume 15
container_issue 16
container_start_page 5976
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 1996-1073
doi_str_mv 10.3390/en15165976
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering
document_store_str 1
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description Cultivating microalgae requires a nitrogen and phosphorous feed source. Anaerobic digestion waste (digestate) provides a cheap sustainable feedstock for these materials. Previous studies have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of nutrient recovery and subsequent algae growth. There is now a need to fully characterise digestate filtration to improve our understanding of this process prior to its commercialisation. In this work, digestate filtration is characterised at bench scale using frontal (dead-end) filtration and a 100 kDa MWCO ultrafiltration membrane. Our experiments demonstrated rapid cake formation causing significant flux decline. The steady-state permeate flux for digestate was 2.4 to 4.8 L m−2 h−1, a reduction of ~90% compared to clean water flux. The specific cake resistance was ~1015 m kg−1 and the compressibility index 1.07. A series of four filtration and cleaning cycles showed 90% flux recovery following a clean water wash. Digestate filtration was then evaluated at a commercial scale using crossflow and the KOCH ABCOR® tubular membrane (100 kDa MWCO). The results were similar to those at the bench scale, i.e., rapid initial fouling leading to a period of steady-state flux (approximately 7 L m−2 h−1). The commercial membrane was flushed with water and diluted bleach after each use, and a digestate permeate flux decline of only 4.8% over a 12-month active use period was observed. The present research provides bench scale characterisation and demonstrates the commercial scale operation of anaerobic digestate filtration using ultrafiltration. The overall filtration performance was excellent, and the process can now be scaled to any operational capacity.
published_date 2022-08-18T04:20:05Z
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score 11.013148

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