Modelling the transport and deposition of ash following a magnitude 7 eruption: the distal Mazama tephra

Buckland, Hannah; Mastin, Larry G.; Engwell, Samantha L.; Cashman, Katharine V.

doi:10.1007/s00445-022-01593-1

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Modelling the transport and deposition of ash following a magnitude 7 eruption: the distal Mazama tephra

Hannah Buckland

, Larry G. Mastin

, Samantha L. Engwell

, Katharine V. Cashman

Bulletin of Volcanology, Volume: 84, Issue: 9

Swansea University Author: Hannah Buckland

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DOI (Published version): 10.1007/s00445-022-01593-1

Abstract

Volcanic ash transport and dispersion models (VATDMs) are necessary for forecasting tephra dispersal during volcanic eruptions and are a useful tool for estimating the eruption source parameters (ESPs) of prehistoric eruptions. Here we use Ash3D, an Eulerian VATDM, to simulate the tephra deposition...

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Published in:	Bulletin of Volcanology
ISSN:	1432-0819
Published:	Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2022
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URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa61249
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We investigate how best to apply a VATDM using the ESPs characteristic of a large magnitude eruption (M ≥ 7). We simplify the approach to focus on the distal deposit as if it were formed by a single phase of Plinian activity. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to use modern wind profiles to simulate the tephra dispersal from a prehistoric eruption; however, this introduces an inherent uncertainty to the subsequent simulations where we explore different ESPs. We show, using the well-documented distal Mazama tephra, that lateral umbrella cloud spreading, rather than advection–diffusion alone, must be included in the VATDM to reproduce the width of the isopachs. In addition, the Ash3D particle size distribution must be modified to simulate the transport and deposition of distal fine-grained (< 125 µm) Mazama ash. With these modifications, the Ash3D simulations reproduce the thickness and grain size of the Mazama tephra deposit. Based on our simulations, however, we conclude that the exact relationship between mass eruption rate and the scale of umbrella cloud spreading remains unresolved. Furthermore, for ground-based grain size distributions to be input directly into Ash3D, further research is required into the atmospheric and particle processes that control the settling behaviour of fine volcanic ash.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Bulletin of Volcanology</journal><volume>84</volume><journalNumber>9</journalNumber><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>1432-0819</issnElectronic><keywords>Volcanic ash cloud; Atmospheric dispersion; Eruption source parameters; Umbrella cloud spreading;Tephra</keywords><publishedDay>2</publishedDay><publishedMonth>9</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-09-02</publishedDate><doi>10.1007/s00445-022-01593-1</doi><url/><notes>Data availability:The Mazama tephra thickness and grain size, and the input parameters used in each model run, are found in the electronic supplementary material. 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spelling	2022-09-26T15:12:01.8923526 v2 61249 2022-09-16 Modelling the transport and deposition of ash following a magnitude 7 eruption: the distal Mazama tephra 4d83612aadea6e42dd9bd1b665f22eb1 0000-0002-9954-4993 Hannah Buckland Hannah Buckland true false 2022-09-16 SGE Volcanic ash transport and dispersion models (VATDMs) are necessary for forecasting tephra dispersal during volcanic eruptions and are a useful tool for estimating the eruption source parameters (ESPs) of prehistoric eruptions. Here we use Ash3D, an Eulerian VATDM, to simulate the tephra deposition from the ~ 7.7 ka climactic eruption of Mount Mazama. We investigate how best to apply a VATDM using the ESPs characteristic of a large magnitude eruption (M ≥ 7). We simplify the approach to focus on the distal deposit as if it were formed by a single phase of Plinian activity. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to use modern wind profiles to simulate the tephra dispersal from a prehistoric eruption; however, this introduces an inherent uncertainty to the subsequent simulations where we explore different ESPs. We show, using the well-documented distal Mazama tephra, that lateral umbrella cloud spreading, rather than advection–diffusion alone, must be included in the VATDM to reproduce the width of the isopachs. In addition, the Ash3D particle size distribution must be modified to simulate the transport and deposition of distal fine-grained (< 125 µm) Mazama ash. With these modifications, the Ash3D simulations reproduce the thickness and grain size of the Mazama tephra deposit. Based on our simulations, however, we conclude that the exact relationship between mass eruption rate and the scale of umbrella cloud spreading remains unresolved. Furthermore, for ground-based grain size distributions to be input directly into Ash3D, further research is required into the atmospheric and particle processes that control the settling behaviour of fine volcanic ash. Journal Article Bulletin of Volcanology 84 9 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 1432-0819 Volcanic ash cloud; Atmospheric dispersion; Eruption source parameters; Umbrella cloud spreading;Tephra 2 9 2022 2022-09-02 10.1007/s00445-022-01593-1 Data availability:The Mazama tephra thickness and grain size, and the input parameters used in each model run, are found in the electronic supplementary material. The wind data use are available online https://doi.org/10.5066/F7SQ8XKT. The input, log and output files from the simulations are also available online https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PVNY06. COLLEGE NANME Geography COLLEGE CODE SGE Swansea University H.M.B was supported by a NERC GW4+ Doctoral Training Partnership studentship from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC; NE/L002434/1) with additional support from the British Geological Survey. S.L.E. publishes with permission of the CEO, British Geological Survey, and acknowledges support from British Geological Survey NC-ODA grant NE/R000069/1: Geoscience for Sustainable Futures. K.V.C. acknowledges an AXA Research Fund and a Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award. 2022-09-26T15:12:01.8923526 2022-09-16T09:37:10.0191194 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography Hannah Buckland 0000-0002-9954-4993 1 Larry G. Mastin 0000-0002-4795-1992 2 Samantha L. Engwell 0000-0001-7719-6257 3 Katharine V. Cashman 0000-0001-9312-8377 4 61249__25231__35a886b66ea64a8b9477a182cecc498b.pdf 61249_VoR.pdf 2022-09-26T15:11:21.2257658 Output 6939720 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2022. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	Modelling the transport and deposition of ash following a magnitude 7 eruption: the distal Mazama tephra
spellingShingle	Modelling the transport and deposition of ash following a magnitude 7 eruption: the distal Mazama tephra Hannah Buckland
title_short	Modelling the transport and deposition of ash following a magnitude 7 eruption: the distal Mazama tephra
title_full	Modelling the transport and deposition of ash following a magnitude 7 eruption: the distal Mazama tephra
title_fullStr	Modelling the transport and deposition of ash following a magnitude 7 eruption: the distal Mazama tephra
title_full_unstemmed	Modelling the transport and deposition of ash following a magnitude 7 eruption: the distal Mazama tephra
title_sort	Modelling the transport and deposition of ash following a magnitude 7 eruption: the distal Mazama tephra
author_id_str_mv	4d83612aadea6e42dd9bd1b665f22eb1
author_id_fullname_str_mv	4d83612aadea6e42dd9bd1b665f22eb1_***_Hannah Buckland
author	Hannah Buckland
author2	Hannah Buckland Larry G. Mastin Samantha L. Engwell Katharine V. Cashman
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description	Volcanic ash transport and dispersion models (VATDMs) are necessary for forecasting tephra dispersal during volcanic eruptions and are a useful tool for estimating the eruption source parameters (ESPs) of prehistoric eruptions. Here we use Ash3D, an Eulerian VATDM, to simulate the tephra deposition from the ~ 7.7 ka climactic eruption of Mount Mazama. We investigate how best to apply a VATDM using the ESPs characteristic of a large magnitude eruption (M ≥ 7). We simplify the approach to focus on the distal deposit as if it were formed by a single phase of Plinian activity. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to use modern wind profiles to simulate the tephra dispersal from a prehistoric eruption; however, this introduces an inherent uncertainty to the subsequent simulations where we explore different ESPs. We show, using the well-documented distal Mazama tephra, that lateral umbrella cloud spreading, rather than advection–diffusion alone, must be included in the VATDM to reproduce the width of the isopachs. In addition, the Ash3D particle size distribution must be modified to simulate the transport and deposition of distal fine-grained (< 125 µm) Mazama ash. With these modifications, the Ash3D simulations reproduce the thickness and grain size of the Mazama tephra deposit. Based on our simulations, however, we conclude that the exact relationship between mass eruption rate and the scale of umbrella cloud spreading remains unresolved. Furthermore, for ground-based grain size distributions to be input directly into Ash3D, further research is required into the atmospheric and particle processes that control the settling behaviour of fine volcanic ash.
published_date	2022-09-02T04:19:57Z
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score	11.037581

Modelling the transport and deposition of ash following a magnitude 7 eruption: the distal Mazama tephra

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