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Impact of previous reinforcement on false perceptions for individuals lower and higher in schizotypy traits

Phil Reed Orcid Logo

Personality and Individual Differences, Volume: 200, Start page: 111898

Swansea University Author: Phil Reed Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111898

Abstract

Psychotic-like experiences (hallucinations) were investigated in a non-clinical population in a word-recognition experiment. The current study explored the effect of perceived importance (previous reinforcement), and whether this differs in its impact on individuals with lower or higher schizotypy....

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Published in: Personality and Individual Differences
ISSN: 0191-8869
Published: Elsevier BV 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa61161
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spelling 2022-10-06T16:18:58.2493914 v2 61161 2022-09-08 Impact of previous reinforcement on false perceptions for individuals lower and higher in schizotypy traits 100599ab189b514fdf99f9b4cb477a83 0000-0002-8157-0747 Phil Reed Phil Reed true false 2022-09-08 HPS Psychotic-like experiences (hallucinations) were investigated in a non-clinical population in a word-recognition experiment. The current study explored the effect of perceived importance (previous reinforcement), and whether this differs in its impact on individuals with lower or higher schizotypy. Participants were assessed psychometrically for their level of schizotypy using the O-LIFE, and were reinforced for choosing wither nouns or verbs. A word recognition task was then presented, during which words or non-words were presented on a fast-moving display was employed. The words could wither be nouns or verbs. Those higher in schizotypy showed greater numbers of false perceptions than those with lower schizotypy, and previous reinforcement history impacted on performance. When words from a previously reinforced class were tested, recognition of words that were present was higher than when the test class was not previously reinforced. Moreover, in conditions where expectancies had been violated, those with higher schizotypy showed greater numbers of false perceptions than those with lower schizotypy scores. Thus, the current findings show situational factors such as previous experience and current context are also important in generating false perceptions. Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences 200 111898 Elsevier BV 0191-8869 Visual hallucination; Expectancies; Schizotypy; O-LIFE 1 1 2023 2023-01-01 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111898 COLLEGE NANME Psychology COLLEGE CODE HPS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) 2022-10-06T16:18:58.2493914 2022-09-08T11:20:48.8291322 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Phil Reed 0000-0002-8157-0747 1 61161__25094__d194507d8a0c48eca0ad0e306c06c3ed.pdf Reed (2022).pdf 2022-09-08T11:22:21.9502945 Output 687385 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 The Author. This is an open access article under the CC BY license true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Impact of previous reinforcement on false perceptions for individuals lower and higher in schizotypy traits
spellingShingle Impact of previous reinforcement on false perceptions for individuals lower and higher in schizotypy traits
Phil Reed
title_short Impact of previous reinforcement on false perceptions for individuals lower and higher in schizotypy traits
title_full Impact of previous reinforcement on false perceptions for individuals lower and higher in schizotypy traits
title_fullStr Impact of previous reinforcement on false perceptions for individuals lower and higher in schizotypy traits
title_full_unstemmed Impact of previous reinforcement on false perceptions for individuals lower and higher in schizotypy traits
title_sort Impact of previous reinforcement on false perceptions for individuals lower and higher in schizotypy traits
author_id_str_mv 100599ab189b514fdf99f9b4cb477a83
author_id_fullname_str_mv 100599ab189b514fdf99f9b4cb477a83_***_Phil Reed
author Phil Reed
author2 Phil Reed
format Journal article
container_title Personality and Individual Differences
container_volume 200
container_start_page 111898
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 0191-8869
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111898
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Psychotic-like experiences (hallucinations) were investigated in a non-clinical population in a word-recognition experiment. The current study explored the effect of perceived importance (previous reinforcement), and whether this differs in its impact on individuals with lower or higher schizotypy. Participants were assessed psychometrically for their level of schizotypy using the O-LIFE, and were reinforced for choosing wither nouns or verbs. A word recognition task was then presented, during which words or non-words were presented on a fast-moving display was employed. The words could wither be nouns or verbs. Those higher in schizotypy showed greater numbers of false perceptions than those with lower schizotypy, and previous reinforcement history impacted on performance. When words from a previously reinforced class were tested, recognition of words that were present was higher than when the test class was not previously reinforced. Moreover, in conditions where expectancies had been violated, those with higher schizotypy showed greater numbers of false perceptions than those with lower schizotypy scores. Thus, the current findings show situational factors such as previous experience and current context are also important in generating false perceptions.
published_date 2023-01-01T04:19:48Z
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score 11.013148

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