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The role of wingbeat frequency and amplitude in flight power

Krishnamoorthy Krishnan, Baptiste Garde, Ashley Bennison, Nik C. Cole, Emma Cole, Jamie Darby Orcid Logo, Kyle H. Elliott Orcid Logo, Adam Fell, Agustina Gómez-Laich, Sophie de Grissac, Mark Jessopp Orcid Logo, Manos Lempidakis, Yuichi Mizutani Orcid Logo, Aurélien Prudor, Michael Quetting, Flavio Quintana Orcid Logo, Hermina Robotka Orcid Logo, Alexandre Roulin Orcid Logo, Peter G. Ryan, Kim Schalcher, Stefan Schoombie, Vikash Tatayah, Fred Tremblay, Henri Weimerskirch, Shannon Whelan Orcid Logo, Martin Wikelski, Ken Yoda, Anders Hedenström Orcid Logo, Emily Shepard Orcid Logo

Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Volume: 19, Issue: 193

Swansea University Authors: Krishnamoorthy Krishnan, Baptiste Garde, Emma Cole, Manos Lempidakis, Emily Shepard Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1098/rsif.2022.0168

Abstract

Body-mounted accelerometers provide a new prospect for estimating power use in flying birds, as the signal varies with the two major kinematic determinants of aerodynamic power: wingbeat frequency and amplitude. Yet wingbeat frequency is sometimes used as a proxy for power output in isolation. There...

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Published in: Journal of The Royal Society Interface
ISSN: 1742-5662
Published: The Royal Society 2022
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Yet wingbeat frequency is sometimes used as a proxy for power output in isolation. There is, therefore, a need to understand which kinematic parameter birds vary and whether this is predicted by flight mode (e.g. accelerating, ascending/descending flight), speed or morphology. We investigate this using high-frequency acceleration data from (i) 14 species flying in the wild, (ii) two species flying in controlled conditions in a wind tunnel and (iii) a review of experimental and field studies. While wingbeat frequency and amplitude were positively correlated, R2 values were generally low, supporting the idea that parameters can vary independently. Indeed, birds were more likely to modulate wingbeat amplitude for more energy-demanding flight modes, including climbing and take-off. Nonetheless, the striking variability, even within species and flight types, highlights the complexity of describing the kinematic relationships, which appear sensitive to both the biological and physical context. Notwithstanding this, acceleration metrics that incorporate both kinematic parameters should be more robust proxies for power than wingbeat frequency alone.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Journal of The Royal Society Interface</journal><volume>19</volume><journalNumber>193</journalNumber><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>The Royal Society</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>1742-5662</issnElectronic><keywords>energy expenditure, accelerometry, kinematics,bio-logging, movement ecology</keywords><publishedDay>24</publishedDay><publishedMonth>8</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-08-24</publishedDate><doi>10.1098/rsif.2022.0168</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Biosciences</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>SBI</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal)</apcterm><funders>This work was supported by European Research Council star-ter grant no. 715874 to E.L.C.S., under the European Union&#x2019;s Horizon2020 research and innovation programme. Rory Wilson supplied thetags that were used for data collection in the studies on imperial cor-morants, wandering albatrosses, grey-headed albatrosses andstreaked shearwaters. Fieldwork on northern fulmars was supportedby the BlueFish project, funded by the European RegionalDevelopment fund through the Ireland Wales Co-operation Pro-gramme (2014&#x2212;2020) and an extended field team. Fieldwork onnorthern gannets was supported by the FishKOSM project fundedby the Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine (15/S/744).The wind tunnel experiments at Lund University were supportedby the Swedish Research Council (2016-03625) and A.H. LinusHedh helped training the dunlin for wind tunnel flight. Data collec-tion in the Max Planck wind tunnel was supported by a Max PlanckSabbatical Fellowship (to E.L.C.S.). Fieldwork on black-legged kitti-wakes was assisted by the Middleton Island Field Crew of 2019.Funding for Br&#xFC;nnich&#x2019;s guillemot and black-legged kittiwake workwas partially from the Natural Sciences and Engineering ResearchCouncil of Canada (to K.H.E.). Fieldwork on the barn owls wasfunded by Swiss National Science Foundation (310030, 200321 toA.R.). We thank the National Parks and Conservation Service, theGovernment of Mauritius, for permission to conduct the fieldworkon the red-tailed tropicbirds and the Round Island Wardens fortheir support in the field. Research in Japan was funded by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society of the Promotionof Science (16K21735, 16H06541, 21H05294 to K.Y.). We also thankGil Bohrer for essential help in setting up the sonic anemometer forin-flight measurements of air movement.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2022-09-02T13:13:27.8999661</lastEdited><Created>2022-09-02T08:52:29.2144090</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Krishnamoorthy</firstname><surname>Krishnan</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Baptiste</firstname><surname>Garde</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Ashley</firstname><surname>Bennison</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Nik C.</firstname><surname>Cole</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Emma</firstname><surname>Cole</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Jamie</firstname><surname>Darby</surname><orcid>0000-0002-9757-7150</orcid><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Kyle H.</firstname><surname>Elliott</surname><orcid>0000-0001-5304-3993</orcid><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Adam</firstname><surname>Fell</surname><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Agustina</firstname><surname>G&#xF3;mez-Laich</surname><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>Sophie de</firstname><surname>Grissac</surname><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Mark</firstname><surname>Jessopp</surname><orcid>0000-0002-2692-3730</orcid><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>Manos</firstname><surname>Lempidakis</surname><order>12</order></author><author><firstname>Yuichi</firstname><surname>Mizutani</surname><orcid>0000-0002-8521-8759</orcid><order>13</order></author><author><firstname>Aur&#xE9;lien</firstname><surname>Prudor</surname><order>14</order></author><author><firstname>Michael</firstname><surname>Quetting</surname><order>15</order></author><author><firstname>Flavio</firstname><surname>Quintana</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0696-2545</orcid><order>16</order></author><author><firstname>Hermina</firstname><surname>Robotka</surname><orcid>0000-0002-3523-032x</orcid><order>17</order></author><author><firstname>Alexandre</firstname><surname>Roulin</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1940-6927</orcid><order>18</order></author><author><firstname>Peter G.</firstname><surname>Ryan</surname><order>19</order></author><author><firstname>Kim</firstname><surname>Schalcher</surname><order>20</order></author><author><firstname>Stefan</firstname><surname>Schoombie</surname><order>21</order></author><author><firstname>Vikash</firstname><surname>Tatayah</surname><order>22</order></author><author><firstname>Fred</firstname><surname>Tremblay</surname><order>23</order></author><author><firstname>Henri</firstname><surname>Weimerskirch</surname><order>24</order></author><author><firstname>Shannon</firstname><surname>Whelan</surname><orcid>0000-0003-2862-327x</orcid><order>25</order></author><author><firstname>Martin</firstname><surname>Wikelski</surname><order>26</order></author><author><firstname>Ken</firstname><surname>Yoda</surname><order>27</order></author><author><firstname>Anders</firstname><surname>Hedenstr&#xF6;m</surname><orcid>0000-0002-1757-0945</orcid><order>28</order></author><author><firstname>Emily</firstname><surname>Shepard</surname><orcid>0000-0001-7325-6398</orcid><order>29</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>61007__25068__4bca4e1f6ba34657a4f70eda9c8f22c7.pdf</filename><originalFilename>61007_VoR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-09-02T13:12:16.9636270</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>989368</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>&#xA9; 2022 The Authors. 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spelling 2022-09-02T13:13:27.8999661 v2 61007 2022-09-02 The role of wingbeat frequency and amplitude in flight power cb969e5504f107a82db71f89865d2b3a Krishnamoorthy Krishnan Krishnamoorthy Krishnan true false 0d5e96ee58acfec4771c81cd2cb4cca8 Baptiste Garde Baptiste Garde true false 94c90d675b6813d320ab28106cc138b9 Emma Cole Emma Cole true false 7ddccac6c4aa55c9362bca7def907848 Manos Lempidakis Manos Lempidakis true false 54729295145aa1ea56d176818d51ed6a 0000-0001-7325-6398 Emily Shepard Emily Shepard true false 2022-09-02 SBI Body-mounted accelerometers provide a new prospect for estimating power use in flying birds, as the signal varies with the two major kinematic determinants of aerodynamic power: wingbeat frequency and amplitude. Yet wingbeat frequency is sometimes used as a proxy for power output in isolation. There is, therefore, a need to understand which kinematic parameter birds vary and whether this is predicted by flight mode (e.g. accelerating, ascending/descending flight), speed or morphology. We investigate this using high-frequency acceleration data from (i) 14 species flying in the wild, (ii) two species flying in controlled conditions in a wind tunnel and (iii) a review of experimental and field studies. While wingbeat frequency and amplitude were positively correlated, R2 values were generally low, supporting the idea that parameters can vary independently. Indeed, birds were more likely to modulate wingbeat amplitude for more energy-demanding flight modes, including climbing and take-off. Nonetheless, the striking variability, even within species and flight types, highlights the complexity of describing the kinematic relationships, which appear sensitive to both the biological and physical context. Notwithstanding this, acceleration metrics that incorporate both kinematic parameters should be more robust proxies for power than wingbeat frequency alone. Journal Article Journal of The Royal Society Interface 19 193 The Royal Society 1742-5662 energy expenditure, accelerometry, kinematics,bio-logging, movement ecology 24 8 2022 2022-08-24 10.1098/rsif.2022.0168 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences COLLEGE CODE SBI Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) This work was supported by European Research Council star-ter grant no. 715874 to E.L.C.S., under the European Union’s Horizon2020 research and innovation programme. Rory Wilson supplied thetags that were used for data collection in the studies on imperial cor-morants, wandering albatrosses, grey-headed albatrosses andstreaked shearwaters. Fieldwork on northern fulmars was supportedby the BlueFish project, funded by the European RegionalDevelopment fund through the Ireland Wales Co-operation Pro-gramme (2014−2020) and an extended field team. Fieldwork onnorthern gannets was supported by the FishKOSM project fundedby the Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine (15/S/744).The wind tunnel experiments at Lund University were supportedby the Swedish Research Council (2016-03625) and A.H. LinusHedh helped training the dunlin for wind tunnel flight. Data collec-tion in the Max Planck wind tunnel was supported by a Max PlanckSabbatical Fellowship (to E.L.C.S.). Fieldwork on black-legged kitti-wakes was assisted by the Middleton Island Field Crew of 2019.Funding for Brünnich’s guillemot and black-legged kittiwake workwas partially from the Natural Sciences and Engineering ResearchCouncil of Canada (to K.H.E.). Fieldwork on the barn owls wasfunded by Swiss National Science Foundation (310030, 200321 toA.R.). We thank the National Parks and Conservation Service, theGovernment of Mauritius, for permission to conduct the fieldworkon the red-tailed tropicbirds and the Round Island Wardens fortheir support in the field. Research in Japan was funded by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society of the Promotionof Science (16K21735, 16H06541, 21H05294 to K.Y.). We also thankGil Bohrer for essential help in setting up the sonic anemometer forin-flight measurements of air movement. 2022-09-02T13:13:27.8999661 2022-09-02T08:52:29.2144090 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Krishnamoorthy Krishnan 1 Baptiste Garde 2 Ashley Bennison 3 Nik C. Cole 4 Emma Cole 5 Jamie Darby 0000-0002-9757-7150 6 Kyle H. Elliott 0000-0001-5304-3993 7 Adam Fell 8 Agustina Gómez-Laich 9 Sophie de Grissac 10 Mark Jessopp 0000-0002-2692-3730 11 Manos Lempidakis 12 Yuichi Mizutani 0000-0002-8521-8759 13 Aurélien Prudor 14 Michael Quetting 15 Flavio Quintana 0000-0003-0696-2545 16 Hermina Robotka 0000-0002-3523-032x 17 Alexandre Roulin 0000-0003-1940-6927 18 Peter G. Ryan 19 Kim Schalcher 20 Stefan Schoombie 21 Vikash Tatayah 22 Fred Tremblay 23 Henri Weimerskirch 24 Shannon Whelan 0000-0003-2862-327x 25 Martin Wikelski 26 Ken Yoda 27 Anders Hedenström 0000-0002-1757-0945 28 Emily Shepard 0000-0001-7325-6398 29 61007__25068__4bca4e1f6ba34657a4f70eda9c8f22c7.pdf 61007_VoR.pdf 2022-09-02T13:12:16.9636270 Output 989368 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title The role of wingbeat frequency and amplitude in flight power
spellingShingle The role of wingbeat frequency and amplitude in flight power
Krishnamoorthy Krishnan
Baptiste Garde
Emma Cole
Manos Lempidakis
Emily Shepard
title_short The role of wingbeat frequency and amplitude in flight power
title_full The role of wingbeat frequency and amplitude in flight power
title_fullStr The role of wingbeat frequency and amplitude in flight power
title_full_unstemmed The role of wingbeat frequency and amplitude in flight power
title_sort The role of wingbeat frequency and amplitude in flight power
author_id_str_mv cb969e5504f107a82db71f89865d2b3a
0d5e96ee58acfec4771c81cd2cb4cca8
94c90d675b6813d320ab28106cc138b9
7ddccac6c4aa55c9362bca7def907848
54729295145aa1ea56d176818d51ed6a
author_id_fullname_str_mv cb969e5504f107a82db71f89865d2b3a_***_Krishnamoorthy Krishnan
0d5e96ee58acfec4771c81cd2cb4cca8_***_Baptiste Garde
94c90d675b6813d320ab28106cc138b9_***_Emma Cole
7ddccac6c4aa55c9362bca7def907848_***_Manos Lempidakis
54729295145aa1ea56d176818d51ed6a_***_Emily Shepard
author Krishnamoorthy Krishnan
Baptiste Garde
Emma Cole
Manos Lempidakis
Emily Shepard
author2 Krishnamoorthy Krishnan
Baptiste Garde
Ashley Bennison
Nik C. Cole
Emma Cole
Jamie Darby
Kyle H. Elliott
Adam Fell
Agustina Gómez-Laich
Sophie de Grissac
Mark Jessopp
Manos Lempidakis
Yuichi Mizutani
Aurélien Prudor
Michael Quetting
Flavio Quintana
Hermina Robotka
Alexandre Roulin
Peter G. Ryan
Kim Schalcher
Stefan Schoombie
Vikash Tatayah
Fred Tremblay
Henri Weimerskirch
Shannon Whelan
Martin Wikelski
Ken Yoda
Anders Hedenström
Emily Shepard
format Journal article
container_title Journal of The Royal Society Interface
container_volume 19
container_issue 193
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 1742-5662
doi_str_mv 10.1098/rsif.2022.0168
publisher The Royal Society
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Body-mounted accelerometers provide a new prospect for estimating power use in flying birds, as the signal varies with the two major kinematic determinants of aerodynamic power: wingbeat frequency and amplitude. Yet wingbeat frequency is sometimes used as a proxy for power output in isolation. There is, therefore, a need to understand which kinematic parameter birds vary and whether this is predicted by flight mode (e.g. accelerating, ascending/descending flight), speed or morphology. We investigate this using high-frequency acceleration data from (i) 14 species flying in the wild, (ii) two species flying in controlled conditions in a wind tunnel and (iii) a review of experimental and field studies. While wingbeat frequency and amplitude were positively correlated, R2 values were generally low, supporting the idea that parameters can vary independently. Indeed, birds were more likely to modulate wingbeat amplitude for more energy-demanding flight modes, including climbing and take-off. Nonetheless, the striking variability, even within species and flight types, highlights the complexity of describing the kinematic relationships, which appear sensitive to both the biological and physical context. Notwithstanding this, acceleration metrics that incorporate both kinematic parameters should be more robust proxies for power than wingbeat frequency alone.
published_date 2022-08-24T04:19:35Z
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score 11.017731

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