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Distinguishing of carbons and oxidation behaviour (Part 1): Exploring model-free kinetics and RAMAN spectroscopy as a synergistic approach for evaluating carbon-bonded-refractories

Ebrima Sallah, Wafaa Al-Shatty Orcid Logo, Cameron Pleydell-Pearce, Andy J. London, Chris Smith

Carbon Trends, Volume: 8, Start page: 100174

Swansea University Authors: Ebrima Sallah, Wafaa Al-Shatty Orcid Logo, Cameron Pleydell-Pearce

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.cartre.2022.100174

Abstract

A rapid synergetic profiling approach to determining oxidation behaviour and distinguishing of carbons within a refractory composite was explored for steel end user application. The efficacy for both Raman spectroscopy and model free kinetics were studied and proved successful for adoption as routin...

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Published in: Carbon Trends
ISSN: 2667-0569
Published: Elsevier BV 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa60746
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The efficacy for both Raman spectroscopy and model free kinetics were studied and proved successful for adoption as routine techniques. With the model free approach, the complex reaction steps were profiled as a multi-step reaction with series of activation energy ranging from 230 KJ/Mol to 150 KJ/Mol. The complex oxidation behaviour was supported by high temperature Raman spectroscopy which corroborated the pore closure mechanism that plays a critical role in modulating reaction intensity. Raman tracked oxidation via its effect on the crystallite sizes of resin (∼ 5.5 nm to 8.5 nm) and intensity peak ratio of D to G peak within some limitations that are discussed in the study. Lastly, an empirical prediction of isothermal experiment from non-isothermal kinetics was validated and considered useful for determining the life of carbon especially in cases where under performance was suspected due to improper preheating by the end-user.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Carbon Trends</journal><volume>8</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>100174</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>2667-0569</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords>Model free kinetics; Carbon bonded refractory; Submerged Entry Nozzle; Raman Spectroscopy; Oxidation</keywords><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>7</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-07-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.cartre.2022.100174</doi><url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cartre.2022.100174</url><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Science and Engineering - Faculty</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>FGSEN</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Not Required</apcterm><funders>The research used UKAEA's Materials Research Facility, which has been funded by and is part of the UK's National Nuclear User Facility and Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials. 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We wish to acknowledge our sponsors: Materials and Manufacturing Academy (M2A) funded by the European Social Fund and TATA Steel UK (Port Talbot); and sponsor company members Dr Liam Way (TATA Steel) and Mathew C Davies Way (TATA Steel) and the SUSTAIN EPSRC Future Steel manufacturing Research Hub (EP/S018107/1).</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2023-06-02T15:42:59.9513559</lastEdited><Created>2022-08-05T12:38:22.9999634</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Ebrima</firstname><surname>Sallah</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Wafaa</firstname><surname>Al-Shatty</surname><orcid>0000-0002-3389-0199</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Cameron</firstname><surname>Pleydell-Pearce</surname><orcid/><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Andy J.</firstname><surname>London</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Chris</firstname><surname>Smith</surname><order>5</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>60746__24866__8bb5e68de57b4735952bd48100aba447.pdf</filename><originalFilename>60746.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-08-05T12:40:10.3731920</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>3484817</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>© 2022 The Author(s). 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spelling v2 60746 2022-08-05 Distinguishing of carbons and oxidation behaviour (Part 1): Exploring model-free kinetics and RAMAN spectroscopy as a synergistic approach for evaluating carbon-bonded-refractories 70083647186bd451d0cc47aa99b06d34 Ebrima Sallah Ebrima Sallah true false a1303ae9aac74ad56872d10daa951748 0000-0002-3389-0199 Wafaa Al-Shatty Wafaa Al-Shatty true false 564c480cb2abe761533a139c7dbaaca1 Cameron Pleydell-Pearce Cameron Pleydell-Pearce true false 2022-08-05 FGSEN A rapid synergetic profiling approach to determining oxidation behaviour and distinguishing of carbons within a refractory composite was explored for steel end user application. The efficacy for both Raman spectroscopy and model free kinetics were studied and proved successful for adoption as routine techniques. With the model free approach, the complex reaction steps were profiled as a multi-step reaction with series of activation energy ranging from 230 KJ/Mol to 150 KJ/Mol. The complex oxidation behaviour was supported by high temperature Raman spectroscopy which corroborated the pore closure mechanism that plays a critical role in modulating reaction intensity. Raman tracked oxidation via its effect on the crystallite sizes of resin (∼ 5.5 nm to 8.5 nm) and intensity peak ratio of D to G peak within some limitations that are discussed in the study. Lastly, an empirical prediction of isothermal experiment from non-isothermal kinetics was validated and considered useful for determining the life of carbon especially in cases where under performance was suspected due to improper preheating by the end-user. Journal Article Carbon Trends 8 100174 Elsevier BV 2667-0569 Model free kinetics; Carbon bonded refractory; Submerged Entry Nozzle; Raman Spectroscopy; Oxidation 1 7 2022 2022-07-01 10.1016/j.cartre.2022.100174 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cartre.2022.100174 COLLEGE NANME Science and Engineering - Faculty COLLEGE CODE FGSEN Swansea University Not Required The research used UKAEA's Materials Research Facility, which has been funded by and is part of the UK's National Nuclear User Facility and Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials. We wish to acknowledge the support of the Henry Royce Institute for (E.S) through the Royce PhD Equipment Access Scheme enabling access to High Temperature set up of their WiTec Raman CSLM facilities at Royce@UKAEA-CCFE; EPSRC Grant Number EP/R00661X/1). We wish to acknowledge our sponsors: Materials and Manufacturing Academy (M2A) funded by the European Social Fund and TATA Steel UK (Port Talbot); and sponsor company members Dr Liam Way (TATA Steel) and Mathew C Davies Way (TATA Steel) and the SUSTAIN EPSRC Future Steel manufacturing Research Hub (EP/S018107/1). 2023-06-02T15:42:59.9513559 2022-08-05T12:38:22.9999634 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering Ebrima Sallah 1 Wafaa Al-Shatty 0000-0002-3389-0199 2 Cameron Pleydell-Pearce 3 Andy J. London 4 Chris Smith 5 60746__24866__8bb5e68de57b4735952bd48100aba447.pdf 60746.pdf 2022-08-05T12:40:10.3731920 Output 3484817 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
title Distinguishing of carbons and oxidation behaviour (Part 1): Exploring model-free kinetics and RAMAN spectroscopy as a synergistic approach for evaluating carbon-bonded-refractories
spellingShingle Distinguishing of carbons and oxidation behaviour (Part 1): Exploring model-free kinetics and RAMAN spectroscopy as a synergistic approach for evaluating carbon-bonded-refractories
Ebrima Sallah
Wafaa Al-Shatty
Cameron Pleydell-Pearce
title_short Distinguishing of carbons and oxidation behaviour (Part 1): Exploring model-free kinetics and RAMAN spectroscopy as a synergistic approach for evaluating carbon-bonded-refractories
title_full Distinguishing of carbons and oxidation behaviour (Part 1): Exploring model-free kinetics and RAMAN spectroscopy as a synergistic approach for evaluating carbon-bonded-refractories
title_fullStr Distinguishing of carbons and oxidation behaviour (Part 1): Exploring model-free kinetics and RAMAN spectroscopy as a synergistic approach for evaluating carbon-bonded-refractories
title_full_unstemmed Distinguishing of carbons and oxidation behaviour (Part 1): Exploring model-free kinetics and RAMAN spectroscopy as a synergistic approach for evaluating carbon-bonded-refractories
title_sort Distinguishing of carbons and oxidation behaviour (Part 1): Exploring model-free kinetics and RAMAN spectroscopy as a synergistic approach for evaluating carbon-bonded-refractories
author_id_str_mv 70083647186bd451d0cc47aa99b06d34
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author_id_fullname_str_mv 70083647186bd451d0cc47aa99b06d34_***_Ebrima Sallah
a1303ae9aac74ad56872d10daa951748_***_Wafaa Al-Shatty
564c480cb2abe761533a139c7dbaaca1_***_Cameron Pleydell-Pearce
author Ebrima Sallah
Wafaa Al-Shatty
Cameron Pleydell-Pearce
author2 Ebrima Sallah
Wafaa Al-Shatty
Cameron Pleydell-Pearce
Andy J. London
Chris Smith
format Journal article
container_title Carbon Trends
container_volume 8
container_start_page 100174
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 2667-0569
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.cartre.2022.100174
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cartre.2022.100174
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description A rapid synergetic profiling approach to determining oxidation behaviour and distinguishing of carbons within a refractory composite was explored for steel end user application. The efficacy for both Raman spectroscopy and model free kinetics were studied and proved successful for adoption as routine techniques. With the model free approach, the complex reaction steps were profiled as a multi-step reaction with series of activation energy ranging from 230 KJ/Mol to 150 KJ/Mol. The complex oxidation behaviour was supported by high temperature Raman spectroscopy which corroborated the pore closure mechanism that plays a critical role in modulating reaction intensity. Raman tracked oxidation via its effect on the crystallite sizes of resin (∼ 5.5 nm to 8.5 nm) and intensity peak ratio of D to G peak within some limitations that are discussed in the study. Lastly, an empirical prediction of isothermal experiment from non-isothermal kinetics was validated and considered useful for determining the life of carbon especially in cases where under performance was suspected due to improper preheating by the end-user.
published_date 2022-07-01T15:42:58Z
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score 10.999252

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