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The effect of speed on Achilles tendon forces and patellofemoral joint stresses in high‐performing endurance runners

Chelsea Starbuck Orcid Logo, Christopher Bramah Orcid Logo, Lee Herrington Orcid Logo, Richard Jones Orcid Logo

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, Volume: 31, Issue: 8, Pages: 1657 - 1665

Swansea University Author: Chelsea Starbuck Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1111/sms.13972

Abstract

Achilles tendinopathy and patellofemoral pain are common running injuries associated with increased Achilles tendon (AT) forces and patellofemoral joint (PFJ) stresses. This study examined AT forces and PFJ stresses at different running speeds in high-performing endurance runners. Twenty runners ran...

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Published in: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
ISSN: 0905-7188 1600-0838
Published: Wiley 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa60581
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spelling 2022-10-31T13:09:00.8992788 v2 60581 2022-07-21 The effect of speed on Achilles tendon forces and patellofemoral joint stresses in high‐performing endurance runners b12b936789e5be3976b2f2c1c8988d4c 0000-0001-6266-2876 Chelsea Starbuck Chelsea Starbuck true false 2022-07-21 EAAS Achilles tendinopathy and patellofemoral pain are common running injuries associated with increased Achilles tendon (AT) forces and patellofemoral joint (PFJ) stresses. This study examined AT forces and PFJ stresses at different running speeds in high-performing endurance runners. Twenty runners ran overground at four running speeds (3.3, 3.9, 4.8, and 5.6 m/s). AT forces and PFJ stresses were estimated from kinematic and kinetic data. Repeated measures ANOVA with partial eta squared effect sizes was conducted to assess differences between running speeds. Increased peak AT forces (19.5%; p &lt; 0.001) and loading rates (57.3%; p &lt; 0.001) from 3.3 m/s to 5.6 m/s were observed. Cumulative AT loading was greater in the faster speeds compared to the slower speeds. Faster running speeds resulted in increased peak plantar flexor moments, increased peak plantar flexion angles, and a more flexed knee and an anterior center of pressure position at touchdown. Peak PFJ stress was lower in the slowest speed (3.3 m/s) compared to the faster running speeds (3.9–5.6 m/s; p = 0.005). PFJ stress loading rate significantly increased (43.6%; p &lt; 0.001). Greater AT loading observed could be associated with strategies such as increased plantar flexor moments and altered lower body position at touchdown which are commonly employed to generate greater ground contact forces. Greater AT and PFJ loading rates were likely due to shorter ground contact times and therefore less time available to reach the peak. Running at faster speeds could increase the risk of developing Achilles tendinopathy and patellofemoral pain or limit recovery from these injuries without sufficient recovery. Journal Article Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports 31 8 1657 1665 Wiley 0905-7188 1600-0838 Achilles tendon, high-performance running, patellofemoral joint, running speed 1 8 2021 2021-08-01 10.1111/sms.13972 COLLEGE NANME Engineering and Applied Sciences School COLLEGE CODE EAAS Swansea University This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors 2022-10-31T13:09:00.8992788 2022-07-21T15:54:48.7235611 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences Chelsea Starbuck 0000-0001-6266-2876 1 Christopher Bramah 0000-0003-3644-9873 2 Lee Herrington 0000-0003-4732-1955 3 Richard Jones 0000-0001-5242-185x 4 60581__24691__389c0f556b0c418e8fe7a572158a7940.pdf 60581.pdf 2022-07-21T15:59:54.6608557 Output 419554 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2021 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title The effect of speed on Achilles tendon forces and patellofemoral joint stresses in high‐performing endurance runners
spellingShingle The effect of speed on Achilles tendon forces and patellofemoral joint stresses in high‐performing endurance runners
Chelsea Starbuck
title_short The effect of speed on Achilles tendon forces and patellofemoral joint stresses in high‐performing endurance runners
title_full The effect of speed on Achilles tendon forces and patellofemoral joint stresses in high‐performing endurance runners
title_fullStr The effect of speed on Achilles tendon forces and patellofemoral joint stresses in high‐performing endurance runners
title_full_unstemmed The effect of speed on Achilles tendon forces and patellofemoral joint stresses in high‐performing endurance runners
title_sort The effect of speed on Achilles tendon forces and patellofemoral joint stresses in high‐performing endurance runners
author_id_str_mv b12b936789e5be3976b2f2c1c8988d4c
author_id_fullname_str_mv b12b936789e5be3976b2f2c1c8988d4c_***_Chelsea Starbuck
author Chelsea Starbuck
author2 Chelsea Starbuck
Christopher Bramah
Lee Herrington
Richard Jones
format Journal article
container_title Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports
container_volume 31
container_issue 8
container_start_page 1657
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 0905-7188
1600-0838
doi_str_mv 10.1111/sms.13972
publisher Wiley
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
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description Achilles tendinopathy and patellofemoral pain are common running injuries associated with increased Achilles tendon (AT) forces and patellofemoral joint (PFJ) stresses. This study examined AT forces and PFJ stresses at different running speeds in high-performing endurance runners. Twenty runners ran overground at four running speeds (3.3, 3.9, 4.8, and 5.6 m/s). AT forces and PFJ stresses were estimated from kinematic and kinetic data. Repeated measures ANOVA with partial eta squared effect sizes was conducted to assess differences between running speeds. Increased peak AT forces (19.5%; p &lt; 0.001) and loading rates (57.3%; p &lt; 0.001) from 3.3 m/s to 5.6 m/s were observed. Cumulative AT loading was greater in the faster speeds compared to the slower speeds. Faster running speeds resulted in increased peak plantar flexor moments, increased peak plantar flexion angles, and a more flexed knee and an anterior center of pressure position at touchdown. Peak PFJ stress was lower in the slowest speed (3.3 m/s) compared to the faster running speeds (3.9–5.6 m/s; p = 0.005). PFJ stress loading rate significantly increased (43.6%; p &lt; 0.001). Greater AT loading observed could be associated with strategies such as increased plantar flexor moments and altered lower body position at touchdown which are commonly employed to generate greater ground contact forces. Greater AT and PFJ loading rates were likely due to shorter ground contact times and therefore less time available to reach the peak. Running at faster speeds could increase the risk of developing Achilles tendinopathy and patellofemoral pain or limit recovery from these injuries without sufficient recovery.
published_date 2021-08-01T14:16:40Z
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score 11.048042

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