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SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among 77,587 healthcare workers: a national observational longitudinal cohort study in Wales, United Kingdom, April to November 2020

Joseph Hollinghurst, Laura North, Tamas Szakmany, Richard Pugh, Gwyneth Davies Orcid Logo, Shanya Sivakumaran, Rebecca Jarvis, Martin Rolles, Owen Pickrell Orcid Logo, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo, Gareth Davies, Rowena Griffiths, Jane Lyons, Fatemeh Torabi Orcid Logo, Rich Fry Orcid Logo, Michael Gravenor Orcid Logo, Ronan Lyons Orcid Logo

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, Volume: 115, Issue: 12, Start page: 014107682211071

Swansea University Authors: Joseph Hollinghurst, Laura North, Gwyneth Davies Orcid Logo, Shanya Sivakumaran, Owen Pickrell Orcid Logo, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo, Gareth Davies, Rowena Griffiths, Jane Lyons, Fatemeh Torabi Orcid Logo, Rich Fry Orcid Logo, Michael Gravenor Orcid Logo, Ronan Lyons Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1177/01410768221107119

Abstract

ObjectivesTo better understand the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among healthcare workers, leading to recommendations for the prioritisation of personal protective equipment, testing, training and vaccination.DesignObservational, longitudinal, nationa...

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Published in: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
ISSN: 0141-0768 1758-1095
Published: SAGE Publications 2022
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Using linked anonymised datasets, participants were grouped into 20 staff roles. Additionally, each role was deemed either patient-facing, non-patient-facing or undetermined. This was linked to individual demographic details and dates of positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests.Main outcome measuresWe used univariable and multivariable logistic regression models to determine odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test.ResultsPatient-facing healthcare workers were at the highest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection with an adjusted OR (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 2.28 (95% CI 2.10–2.47). We found that after adjustment, foundation year doctors (OR 1.83 [95% CI 1.47–2.27]), healthcare support workers [OR 1.36 [95% CI 1.20–1.54]) and hospital nurses (OR 1.27 [95% CI 1.12–1.44]) were at the highest risk of infection among all staff groups. Younger healthcare workers and those living in more deprived areas were at a higher risk of infection. We also observed that infection rates varied over time and by organisation.ConclusionsThese findings have important policy implications for the prioritisation of vaccination, testing, training and personal protective equipment provision for patient-facing roles and the higher risk staff groups.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</journal><volume>115</volume><journalNumber>12</journalNumber><paginationStart>014107682211071</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>SAGE Publications</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0141-0768</issnPrint><issnElectronic>1758-1095</issnElectronic><keywords>COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, healthcare workers, infection risk, public health</keywords><publishedDay>7</publishedDay><publishedMonth>7</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-07-07</publishedDate><doi>10.1177/01410768221107119</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Medical School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>MEDS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>External research funder(s) paid the OA fee (includes OA grants disbursed by the Library)</apcterm><funders>The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Medical Research Council (MR/V028367/1); Health and Care Research Wales (Project: SCF-18-1504); Health Data Research UK (HDR-9006) which receives its funding from the UK Medical Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Department of Health and Social Care (England), Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates, Health and Social Care Research and Development Division (Welsh Government), Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the Wellcome Trust; and Administrative Data Research UK which is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (grant ES/S007393/1).</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-10-18T16:14:28.2309160</lastEdited><Created>2022-06-07T14:43:49.9282605</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Medicine</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Joseph</firstname><surname>Hollinghurst</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Laura</firstname><surname>North</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Tamas</firstname><surname>Szakmany</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Richard</firstname><surname>Pugh</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Gwyneth</firstname><surname>Davies</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1218-1008</orcid><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Shanya</firstname><surname>Sivakumaran</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Rebecca</firstname><surname>Jarvis</surname><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Martin</firstname><surname>Rolles</surname><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Owen</firstname><surname>Pickrell</surname><orcid>0000-0003-4396-5657</orcid><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>Ashley</firstname><surname>Akbari</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0814-0801</orcid><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Gareth</firstname><surname>Davies</surname><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>Rowena</firstname><surname>Griffiths</surname><order>12</order></author><author><firstname>Jane</firstname><surname>Lyons</surname><orcid/><order>13</order></author><author><firstname>Fatemeh</firstname><surname>Torabi</surname><orcid>0000-0002-5853-4625</orcid><order>14</order></author><author><firstname>Rich</firstname><surname>Fry</surname><orcid>0000-0002-7968-6679</orcid><order>15</order></author><author><firstname>Michael</firstname><surname>Gravenor</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0710-0947</orcid><order>16</order></author><author><firstname>Ronan</firstname><surname>Lyons</surname><orcid>0000-0001-5225-000X</orcid><order>17</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>60146__24468__ae198e901d044e2b93c203c741832877.pdf</filename><originalFilename>60146_VoR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-07-07T10:53:34.5658398</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>709288</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling v2 60146 2022-06-07 SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among 77,587 healthcare workers: a national observational longitudinal cohort study in Wales, United Kingdom, April to November 2020 d7c51b69270b644a11b904629fe56ab0 Joseph Hollinghurst Joseph Hollinghurst true false a255822cf77a0184cb6922e9fbea39e9 Laura North Laura North true false 92d69cf8519a334ced3f55142c811d95 0000-0003-1218-1008 Gwyneth Davies Gwyneth Davies true false 2799501bc10dea3008518d41ca0339a2 Shanya Sivakumaran Shanya Sivakumaran true false 1c3044b5ff7a6552ff5e8c9e3901c807 0000-0003-4396-5657 Owen Pickrell Owen Pickrell true false aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52 0000-0003-0814-0801 Ashley Akbari Ashley Akbari true false ab7964da48dd7d1b74a81f2935dc564b Gareth Davies Gareth Davies true false 381464f639f98bd388c29326ca7f862c Rowena Griffiths Rowena Griffiths true false 1b74fa5125a88451c52c45bcf20e0b47 Jane Lyons Jane Lyons true false f569591e1bfb0e405b8091f99fec45d3 0000-0002-5853-4625 Fatemeh Torabi Fatemeh Torabi true false d499b898d447b62c81b2c122598870e0 0000-0002-7968-6679 Rich Fry Rich Fry true false 70a544476ce62ba78502ce463c2500d6 0000-0003-0710-0947 Michael Gravenor Michael Gravenor true false 83efcf2a9dfcf8b55586999d3d152ac6 0000-0001-5225-000X Ronan Lyons Ronan Lyons true false 2022-06-07 MEDS ObjectivesTo better understand the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among healthcare workers, leading to recommendations for the prioritisation of personal protective equipment, testing, training and vaccination.DesignObservational, longitudinal, national cohort study.SettingOur cohort were secondary care (hospital-based) healthcare workers employed by NHS Wales (United Kingdom) organisations from 1 April 2020 to 30 November 2020.ParticipantsWe included 577,756 monthly observations among 77,587 healthcare workers. Using linked anonymised datasets, participants were grouped into 20 staff roles. Additionally, each role was deemed either patient-facing, non-patient-facing or undetermined. This was linked to individual demographic details and dates of positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests.Main outcome measuresWe used univariable and multivariable logistic regression models to determine odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test.ResultsPatient-facing healthcare workers were at the highest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection with an adjusted OR (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 2.28 (95% CI 2.10–2.47). We found that after adjustment, foundation year doctors (OR 1.83 [95% CI 1.47–2.27]), healthcare support workers [OR 1.36 [95% CI 1.20–1.54]) and hospital nurses (OR 1.27 [95% CI 1.12–1.44]) were at the highest risk of infection among all staff groups. Younger healthcare workers and those living in more deprived areas were at a higher risk of infection. We also observed that infection rates varied over time and by organisation.ConclusionsThese findings have important policy implications for the prioritisation of vaccination, testing, training and personal protective equipment provision for patient-facing roles and the higher risk staff groups. Journal Article Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 115 12 014107682211071 SAGE Publications 0141-0768 1758-1095 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, healthcare workers, infection risk, public health 7 7 2022 2022-07-07 10.1177/01410768221107119 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University External research funder(s) paid the OA fee (includes OA grants disbursed by the Library) The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Medical Research Council (MR/V028367/1); Health and Care Research Wales (Project: SCF-18-1504); Health Data Research UK (HDR-9006) which receives its funding from the UK Medical Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Department of Health and Social Care (England), Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates, Health and Social Care Research and Development Division (Welsh Government), Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the Wellcome Trust; and Administrative Data Research UK which is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (grant ES/S007393/1). 2024-10-18T16:14:28.2309160 2022-06-07T14:43:49.9282605 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Joseph Hollinghurst 1 Laura North 2 Tamas Szakmany 3 Richard Pugh 4 Gwyneth Davies 0000-0003-1218-1008 5 Shanya Sivakumaran 6 Rebecca Jarvis 7 Martin Rolles 8 Owen Pickrell 0000-0003-4396-5657 9 Ashley Akbari 0000-0003-0814-0801 10 Gareth Davies 11 Rowena Griffiths 12 Jane Lyons 13 Fatemeh Torabi 0000-0002-5853-4625 14 Rich Fry 0000-0002-7968-6679 15 Michael Gravenor 0000-0003-0710-0947 16 Ronan Lyons 0000-0001-5225-000X 17 60146__24468__ae198e901d044e2b93c203c741832877.pdf 60146_VoR.pdf 2022-07-07T10:53:34.5658398 Output 709288 application/pdf Version of Record true This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among 77,587 healthcare workers: a national observational longitudinal cohort study in Wales, United Kingdom, April to November 2020
spellingShingle SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among 77,587 healthcare workers: a national observational longitudinal cohort study in Wales, United Kingdom, April to November 2020
Joseph Hollinghurst
Laura North
Gwyneth Davies
Shanya Sivakumaran
Owen Pickrell
Ashley Akbari
Gareth Davies
Rowena Griffiths
Jane Lyons
Fatemeh Torabi
Rich Fry
Michael Gravenor
Ronan Lyons
title_short SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among 77,587 healthcare workers: a national observational longitudinal cohort study in Wales, United Kingdom, April to November 2020
title_full SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among 77,587 healthcare workers: a national observational longitudinal cohort study in Wales, United Kingdom, April to November 2020
title_fullStr SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among 77,587 healthcare workers: a national observational longitudinal cohort study in Wales, United Kingdom, April to November 2020
title_full_unstemmed SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among 77,587 healthcare workers: a national observational longitudinal cohort study in Wales, United Kingdom, April to November 2020
title_sort SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among 77,587 healthcare workers: a national observational longitudinal cohort study in Wales, United Kingdom, April to November 2020
author_id_str_mv d7c51b69270b644a11b904629fe56ab0
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author_id_fullname_str_mv d7c51b69270b644a11b904629fe56ab0_***_Joseph Hollinghurst
a255822cf77a0184cb6922e9fbea39e9_***_Laura North
92d69cf8519a334ced3f55142c811d95_***_Gwyneth Davies
2799501bc10dea3008518d41ca0339a2_***_Shanya Sivakumaran
1c3044b5ff7a6552ff5e8c9e3901c807_***_Owen Pickrell
aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52_***_Ashley Akbari
ab7964da48dd7d1b74a81f2935dc564b_***_Gareth Davies
381464f639f98bd388c29326ca7f862c_***_Rowena Griffiths
1b74fa5125a88451c52c45bcf20e0b47_***_Jane Lyons
f569591e1bfb0e405b8091f99fec45d3_***_Fatemeh Torabi
d499b898d447b62c81b2c122598870e0_***_Rich Fry
70a544476ce62ba78502ce463c2500d6_***_Michael Gravenor
83efcf2a9dfcf8b55586999d3d152ac6_***_Ronan Lyons
author Joseph Hollinghurst
Laura North
Gwyneth Davies
Shanya Sivakumaran
Owen Pickrell
Ashley Akbari
Gareth Davies
Rowena Griffiths
Jane Lyons
Fatemeh Torabi
Rich Fry
Michael Gravenor
Ronan Lyons
author2 Joseph Hollinghurst
Laura North
Tamas Szakmany
Richard Pugh
Gwyneth Davies
Shanya Sivakumaran
Rebecca Jarvis
Martin Rolles
Owen Pickrell
Ashley Akbari
Gareth Davies
Rowena Griffiths
Jane Lyons
Fatemeh Torabi
Rich Fry
Michael Gravenor
Ronan Lyons
format Journal article
container_title Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
container_volume 115
container_issue 12
container_start_page 014107682211071
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 0141-0768
1758-1095
doi_str_mv 10.1177/01410768221107119
publisher SAGE Publications
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description ObjectivesTo better understand the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among healthcare workers, leading to recommendations for the prioritisation of personal protective equipment, testing, training and vaccination.DesignObservational, longitudinal, national cohort study.SettingOur cohort were secondary care (hospital-based) healthcare workers employed by NHS Wales (United Kingdom) organisations from 1 April 2020 to 30 November 2020.ParticipantsWe included 577,756 monthly observations among 77,587 healthcare workers. Using linked anonymised datasets, participants were grouped into 20 staff roles. Additionally, each role was deemed either patient-facing, non-patient-facing or undetermined. This was linked to individual demographic details and dates of positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests.Main outcome measuresWe used univariable and multivariable logistic regression models to determine odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test.ResultsPatient-facing healthcare workers were at the highest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection with an adjusted OR (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 2.28 (95% CI 2.10–2.47). We found that after adjustment, foundation year doctors (OR 1.83 [95% CI 1.47–2.27]), healthcare support workers [OR 1.36 [95% CI 1.20–1.54]) and hospital nurses (OR 1.27 [95% CI 1.12–1.44]) were at the highest risk of infection among all staff groups. Younger healthcare workers and those living in more deprived areas were at a higher risk of infection. We also observed that infection rates varied over time and by organisation.ConclusionsThese findings have important policy implications for the prioritisation of vaccination, testing, training and personal protective equipment provision for patient-facing roles and the higher risk staff groups.
published_date 2022-07-07T16:14:26Z
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