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Glow flow ionization mass spectrometry of small molecules. A comparison of a glow flow ionization source (‘GlowFlow’) with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization

Rhodri Owen Orcid Logo, Stevan Bajic, Steven Kelly Orcid Logo, Michael R. Morris, Anthony Brenton Orcid Logo

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Volume: 36, Issue: 15

Swansea University Authors: Rhodri Owen Orcid Logo, Steven Kelly Orcid Logo, Anthony Brenton Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1002/rcm.9327

Abstract

RationaleIonization by atmospheric pressure gas discharge has been employed for a long time in mass spectrometry. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is an exemplar, and widely used for elemental analysis. The technique has less uptake in organic mass spectrometry. We describe a simple sour...

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Published in: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry
ISSN: 0951-4198 1097-0231
Published: Wiley 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa60077
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A comparison of a glow flow ionization source (&#x2018;GlowFlow&#x2019;) with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>d58c5d38a44d72be924cdf2e1b62ad9f</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-3109-6653</ORCID><firstname>Rhodri</firstname><surname>Owen</surname><name>Rhodri Owen</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>b17cebaf09b4d737b9378a3581e3de93</sid><ORCID>0000-0001-7991-5040</ORCID><firstname>Steven</firstname><surname>Kelly</surname><name>Steven Kelly</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>6ec1cbca144a41ccf2ee5d89e5587468</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-2600-2082</ORCID><firstname>Anthony</firstname><surname>Brenton</surname><name>Anthony Brenton</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2022-05-24</date><deptcode>BMS</deptcode><abstract>RationaleIonization by atmospheric pressure gas discharge has been employed for a long time in mass spectrometry. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is an exemplar, and widely used for elemental analysis. The technique has less uptake in organic mass spectrometry. We describe a simple source design that can be readily implemented in most atmospheric pressure ionization (API) systems and compare its performance with that of electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI).MethodsAn in-house designed helium gas discharge source (referred to as &#x2018;GlowFlow&#x2019;) was used on a Xevo G2-S time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The GlowFlow source was transferred to a compatible Xevo TQ-S triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatograph inlet. Its performance was compared to that of Waters ESI and APCI sources.ResultsPreliminary results of GlowFlow on the Swansea instrument are presented to establish context and include analysis of low-molecular-mass polymers, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid. Comparison of performance on the Xevo TQ-S triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer involved three test mixtures. The method limits of detection (six-mix) for positive-ion GlowFlow source were between 0.03 and 10.00&#x2009;pg with good linear response over two to four orders of magnitude and values of R2&#x2009;&gt;&#x2009;0.98. The GlowFlow ionization source provided a signal intensity that was an order of magnitude greater than that of ESI for an atmospheric pressure gas chromatography standard mix and ionized several compounds that ESI could not.ConclusionsThe current GlowFlow design is relatively simple to retrofit to most API systems due to its small size. The sensitivity of the GlowFlow design is typically an order of magnitude less than that of ESI in positive-ion mode, but similar in sensitivity in negative-ion mode and comparable to that of APCI.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry</journal><volume>36</volume><journalNumber>15</journalNumber><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>Wiley</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0951-4198</issnPrint><issnElectronic>1097-0231</issnElectronic><keywords/><publishedDay>15</publishedDay><publishedMonth>8</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-08-15</publishedDate><doi>10.1002/rcm.9327</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Biomedical Sciences</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>BMS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal)</apcterm><funders>This work was funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/R51312X/1).</funders><projectreference>EP/R51312X/1</projectreference><lastEdited>2022-08-31T12:20:00.6432963</lastEdited><Created>2022-05-24T17:00:13.8675777</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Medicine</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Rhodri</firstname><surname>Owen</surname><orcid>0000-0002-3109-6653</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Stevan</firstname><surname>Bajic</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Steven</firstname><surname>Kelly</surname><orcid>0000-0001-7991-5040</orcid><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Michael R.</firstname><surname>Morris</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Anthony</firstname><surname>Brenton</surname><orcid>0000-0003-2600-2082</orcid><order>5</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>60077__24377__b659ea2e294c4a3fb4fbc0426ce50514.pdf</filename><originalFilename>60077.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-06-23T10:49:59.7123512</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>2846067</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>&#xA9; 2022 The Authors. 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spelling 2022-08-31T12:20:00.6432963 v2 60077 2022-05-24 Glow flow ionization mass spectrometry of small molecules. A comparison of a glow flow ionization source (‘GlowFlow’) with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization d58c5d38a44d72be924cdf2e1b62ad9f 0000-0002-3109-6653 Rhodri Owen Rhodri Owen true false b17cebaf09b4d737b9378a3581e3de93 0000-0001-7991-5040 Steven Kelly Steven Kelly true false 6ec1cbca144a41ccf2ee5d89e5587468 0000-0003-2600-2082 Anthony Brenton Anthony Brenton true false 2022-05-24 BMS RationaleIonization by atmospheric pressure gas discharge has been employed for a long time in mass spectrometry. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is an exemplar, and widely used for elemental analysis. The technique has less uptake in organic mass spectrometry. We describe a simple source design that can be readily implemented in most atmospheric pressure ionization (API) systems and compare its performance with that of electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI).MethodsAn in-house designed helium gas discharge source (referred to as ‘GlowFlow’) was used on a Xevo G2-S time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The GlowFlow source was transferred to a compatible Xevo TQ-S triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatograph inlet. Its performance was compared to that of Waters ESI and APCI sources.ResultsPreliminary results of GlowFlow on the Swansea instrument are presented to establish context and include analysis of low-molecular-mass polymers, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid. Comparison of performance on the Xevo TQ-S triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer involved three test mixtures. The method limits of detection (six-mix) for positive-ion GlowFlow source were between 0.03 and 10.00 pg with good linear response over two to four orders of magnitude and values of R2 > 0.98. The GlowFlow ionization source provided a signal intensity that was an order of magnitude greater than that of ESI for an atmospheric pressure gas chromatography standard mix and ionized several compounds that ESI could not.ConclusionsThe current GlowFlow design is relatively simple to retrofit to most API systems due to its small size. The sensitivity of the GlowFlow design is typically an order of magnitude less than that of ESI in positive-ion mode, but similar in sensitivity in negative-ion mode and comparable to that of APCI. Journal Article Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 36 15 Wiley 0951-4198 1097-0231 15 8 2022 2022-08-15 10.1002/rcm.9327 COLLEGE NANME Biomedical Sciences COLLEGE CODE BMS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) This work was funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/R51312X/1). EP/R51312X/1 2022-08-31T12:20:00.6432963 2022-05-24T17:00:13.8675777 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Rhodri Owen 0000-0002-3109-6653 1 Stevan Bajic 2 Steven Kelly 0000-0001-7991-5040 3 Michael R. Morris 4 Anthony Brenton 0000-0003-2600-2082 5 60077__24377__b659ea2e294c4a3fb4fbc0426ce50514.pdf 60077.pdf 2022-06-23T10:49:59.7123512 Output 2846067 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Glow flow ionization mass spectrometry of small molecules. A comparison of a glow flow ionization source (‘GlowFlow’) with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
spellingShingle Glow flow ionization mass spectrometry of small molecules. A comparison of a glow flow ionization source (‘GlowFlow’) with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
Rhodri Owen
Steven Kelly
Anthony Brenton
title_short Glow flow ionization mass spectrometry of small molecules. A comparison of a glow flow ionization source (‘GlowFlow’) with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
title_full Glow flow ionization mass spectrometry of small molecules. A comparison of a glow flow ionization source (‘GlowFlow’) with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
title_fullStr Glow flow ionization mass spectrometry of small molecules. A comparison of a glow flow ionization source (‘GlowFlow’) with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
title_full_unstemmed Glow flow ionization mass spectrometry of small molecules. A comparison of a glow flow ionization source (‘GlowFlow’) with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
title_sort Glow flow ionization mass spectrometry of small molecules. A comparison of a glow flow ionization source (‘GlowFlow’) with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
author_id_str_mv d58c5d38a44d72be924cdf2e1b62ad9f
b17cebaf09b4d737b9378a3581e3de93
6ec1cbca144a41ccf2ee5d89e5587468
author_id_fullname_str_mv d58c5d38a44d72be924cdf2e1b62ad9f_***_Rhodri Owen
b17cebaf09b4d737b9378a3581e3de93_***_Steven Kelly
6ec1cbca144a41ccf2ee5d89e5587468_***_Anthony Brenton
author Rhodri Owen
Steven Kelly
Anthony Brenton
author2 Rhodri Owen
Stevan Bajic
Steven Kelly
Michael R. Morris
Anthony Brenton
format Journal article
container_title Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry
container_volume 36
container_issue 15
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 0951-4198
1097-0231
doi_str_mv 10.1002/rcm.9327
publisher Wiley
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description RationaleIonization by atmospheric pressure gas discharge has been employed for a long time in mass spectrometry. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is an exemplar, and widely used for elemental analysis. The technique has less uptake in organic mass spectrometry. We describe a simple source design that can be readily implemented in most atmospheric pressure ionization (API) systems and compare its performance with that of electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI).MethodsAn in-house designed helium gas discharge source (referred to as ‘GlowFlow’) was used on a Xevo G2-S time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The GlowFlow source was transferred to a compatible Xevo TQ-S triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatograph inlet. Its performance was compared to that of Waters ESI and APCI sources.ResultsPreliminary results of GlowFlow on the Swansea instrument are presented to establish context and include analysis of low-molecular-mass polymers, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid. Comparison of performance on the Xevo TQ-S triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer involved three test mixtures. The method limits of detection (six-mix) for positive-ion GlowFlow source were between 0.03 and 10.00 pg with good linear response over two to four orders of magnitude and values of R2 > 0.98. The GlowFlow ionization source provided a signal intensity that was an order of magnitude greater than that of ESI for an atmospheric pressure gas chromatography standard mix and ionized several compounds that ESI could not.ConclusionsThe current GlowFlow design is relatively simple to retrofit to most API systems due to its small size. The sensitivity of the GlowFlow design is typically an order of magnitude less than that of ESI in positive-ion mode, but similar in sensitivity in negative-ion mode and comparable to that of APCI.
published_date 2022-08-15T04:17:53Z
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