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Treatments of wood ash amended biochar to reduce nutrient leaching and immobilise lead, copper, zinc and cadmium in aqueous solution: column experiments

Stuart Cairns Orcid Logo, Iain Robertson Orcid Logo, Peter Holliman Orcid Logo, Alayne Street-Perrott Orcid Logo

Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, Volume: 8, Issue: 6, Pages: 1277 - 1286

Swansea University Authors: Iain Robertson Orcid Logo, Peter Holliman Orcid Logo, Alayne Street-Perrott Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1039/d1ew00962a

Abstract

The pollution of aqueous environments by metals has continued to increase due to anthropogenic activities such as mining, waste disposal, industrial activities and the use of motor vehicles. Globally, vehicle numbers are predicted to increase to 2.8 billion by 2050 with aqueous pollutants associated...

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Published in: Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology
ISSN: 2053-1400 2053-1419
Published: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59983
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Globally, vehicle numbers are predicted to increase to 2.8 billion by 2050 with aqueous pollutants associated with vehicles, such as Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd, increasing alongside vehicle numbers. With these increases, methods to minimise metal pollution are important to find; one such method is wood ash amended biochar. Whilst biochar has the potential to reduce contaminated runoff, this study explores the potential for the biochar itself to leach nutrients (PO43&#x2212;, SO42&#x2212; and NO3&#x2212;) which are constituent parts of its biomass and potentially harmful to the ecosystem the biochar would be deployed to remediate. Treatments such as sintering wood ash to the biochar, granulating the biochar and rinsing the biochar were studied to ascertain their impact on the retention of minerals key to immobilisation, the leaching of nutrients and the immobilisation of Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd. It was demonstrated that wood ash sintered larch biochar granulated &lt;3 mm (WASGr) retained the highest concentration of minerals associated with immobilisation, reduced leaching of nutrients to below Water Framework Directive thresholds and maintained Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd immobilisation at 97&#x2013;100% once rinsed with deionised water. 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spelling 2022-07-22T12:26:11.6961463 v2 59983 2022-05-09 Treatments of wood ash amended biochar to reduce nutrient leaching and immobilise lead, copper, zinc and cadmium in aqueous solution: column experiments ef8912c57e0140e9ecb2a69b7e34467e 0000-0001-7174-4523 Iain Robertson Iain Robertson true false c8f52394d776279c9c690dc26066ddf9 0000-0002-9911-8513 Peter Holliman Peter Holliman true false a645a505aeaf6e306126daa6019a9d21 0000-0003-1149-9110 Alayne Street-Perrott Alayne Street-Perrott true false 2022-05-09 SGE The pollution of aqueous environments by metals has continued to increase due to anthropogenic activities such as mining, waste disposal, industrial activities and the use of motor vehicles. Globally, vehicle numbers are predicted to increase to 2.8 billion by 2050 with aqueous pollutants associated with vehicles, such as Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd, increasing alongside vehicle numbers. With these increases, methods to minimise metal pollution are important to find; one such method is wood ash amended biochar. Whilst biochar has the potential to reduce contaminated runoff, this study explores the potential for the biochar itself to leach nutrients (PO43−, SO42− and NO3−) which are constituent parts of its biomass and potentially harmful to the ecosystem the biochar would be deployed to remediate. Treatments such as sintering wood ash to the biochar, granulating the biochar and rinsing the biochar were studied to ascertain their impact on the retention of minerals key to immobilisation, the leaching of nutrients and the immobilisation of Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd. It was demonstrated that wood ash sintered larch biochar granulated <3 mm (WASGr) retained the highest concentration of minerals associated with immobilisation, reduced leaching of nutrients to below Water Framework Directive thresholds and maintained Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd immobilisation at 97–100% once rinsed with deionised water. As a result, WASGr rinsed with deionised water, has the potential to be scaled-up and deployed to immobilise Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd from motorway runoff without a negative impact on the concentration of nutrients in the surrounding waters. Journal Article Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology 8 6 1277 1286 Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) 2053-1400 2053-1419 3 5 2022 2022-05-03 10.1039/d1ew00962a COLLEGE NANME Geography COLLEGE CODE SGE Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) This work is part funded by the Welsh Government's European Social Fund (ESF) convergence programme for West Wales and the Valleys. 2022-07-22T12:26:11.6961463 2022-05-09T13:07:46.2312009 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography Stuart Cairns 0000-0002-8417-0239 1 Iain Robertson 0000-0001-7174-4523 2 Peter Holliman 0000-0002-9911-8513 3 Alayne Street-Perrott 0000-0003-1149-9110 4 59983__24132__d5a5a3557d594bf8af2f15268f0344b4.pdf 59983.pdf 2022-05-19T16:54:42.9959632 Output 2031731 application/pdf Version of Record true This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
title Treatments of wood ash amended biochar to reduce nutrient leaching and immobilise lead, copper, zinc and cadmium in aqueous solution: column experiments
spellingShingle Treatments of wood ash amended biochar to reduce nutrient leaching and immobilise lead, copper, zinc and cadmium in aqueous solution: column experiments
Iain Robertson
Peter Holliman
Alayne Street-Perrott
title_short Treatments of wood ash amended biochar to reduce nutrient leaching and immobilise lead, copper, zinc and cadmium in aqueous solution: column experiments
title_full Treatments of wood ash amended biochar to reduce nutrient leaching and immobilise lead, copper, zinc and cadmium in aqueous solution: column experiments
title_fullStr Treatments of wood ash amended biochar to reduce nutrient leaching and immobilise lead, copper, zinc and cadmium in aqueous solution: column experiments
title_full_unstemmed Treatments of wood ash amended biochar to reduce nutrient leaching and immobilise lead, copper, zinc and cadmium in aqueous solution: column experiments
title_sort Treatments of wood ash amended biochar to reduce nutrient leaching and immobilise lead, copper, zinc and cadmium in aqueous solution: column experiments
author_id_str_mv ef8912c57e0140e9ecb2a69b7e34467e
c8f52394d776279c9c690dc26066ddf9
a645a505aeaf6e306126daa6019a9d21
author_id_fullname_str_mv ef8912c57e0140e9ecb2a69b7e34467e_***_Iain Robertson
c8f52394d776279c9c690dc26066ddf9_***_Peter Holliman
a645a505aeaf6e306126daa6019a9d21_***_Alayne Street-Perrott
author Iain Robertson
Peter Holliman
Alayne Street-Perrott
author2 Stuart Cairns
Iain Robertson
Peter Holliman
Alayne Street-Perrott
format Journal article
container_title Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology
container_volume 8
container_issue 6
container_start_page 1277
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 2053-1400
2053-1419
doi_str_mv 10.1039/d1ew00962a
publisher Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The pollution of aqueous environments by metals has continued to increase due to anthropogenic activities such as mining, waste disposal, industrial activities and the use of motor vehicles. Globally, vehicle numbers are predicted to increase to 2.8 billion by 2050 with aqueous pollutants associated with vehicles, such as Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd, increasing alongside vehicle numbers. With these increases, methods to minimise metal pollution are important to find; one such method is wood ash amended biochar. Whilst biochar has the potential to reduce contaminated runoff, this study explores the potential for the biochar itself to leach nutrients (PO43−, SO42− and NO3−) which are constituent parts of its biomass and potentially harmful to the ecosystem the biochar would be deployed to remediate. Treatments such as sintering wood ash to the biochar, granulating the biochar and rinsing the biochar were studied to ascertain their impact on the retention of minerals key to immobilisation, the leaching of nutrients and the immobilisation of Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd. It was demonstrated that wood ash sintered larch biochar granulated <3 mm (WASGr) retained the highest concentration of minerals associated with immobilisation, reduced leaching of nutrients to below Water Framework Directive thresholds and maintained Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd immobilisation at 97–100% once rinsed with deionised water. As a result, WASGr rinsed with deionised water, has the potential to be scaled-up and deployed to immobilise Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd from motorway runoff without a negative impact on the concentration of nutrients in the surrounding waters.
published_date 2022-05-03T04:17:42Z
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