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Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK
International Journal of Population Data Science, Volume: 5, Issue: 4
Swansea University Authors: Fatemeh Torabi , Ashley Akbari , Stuart Bedston, Gareth Davies , Hoda Abbasizanjani , Michael Gravenor , Rowena Griffiths, Daniel Harris, Jane Lyons, Andrew Morris , Laura North, Julian Halcox , Ronan Lyons
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DOI (Published version): 10.23889/ijpds.v5i4.1715
Abstract
BackgroundPopulation-level information on dispensed medication provides insight on the distribution of treated morbidities, particularly if linked to other population-scale data at an individual-level.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on dispensing patterns of medications.MethodsRetrospect...
Published in: | International Journal of Population Data Science |
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ISSN: | 2399-4908 |
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Swansea University
2022
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<?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2022-05-25T14:49:01.9629470</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>59976</id><entry>2022-05-06</entry><title>Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>f569591e1bfb0e405b8091f99fec45d3</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-5853-4625</ORCID><firstname>Fatemeh</firstname><surname>Torabi</surname><name>Fatemeh Torabi</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-0814-0801</ORCID><firstname>Ashley</firstname><surname>Akbari</surname><name>Ashley Akbari</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>c79d07eaba5c9515c0df82b372b76a41</sid><firstname>Stuart</firstname><surname>Bedston</surname><name>Stuart Bedston</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>98490239b86cc892a382416d048cdb3c</sid><ORCID>0000-0001-9005-1618</ORCID><firstname>Gareth</firstname><surname>Davies</surname><name>Gareth Davies</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>93dd7e747f3118a99566c68592a3ddcc</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-9575-4758</ORCID><firstname>Hoda</firstname><surname>Abbasizanjani</surname><name>Hoda Abbasizanjani</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>70a544476ce62ba78502ce463c2500d6</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-0710-0947</ORCID><firstname>Michael</firstname><surname>Gravenor</surname><name>Michael Gravenor</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>381464f639f98bd388c29326ca7f862c</sid><firstname>Rowena</firstname><surname>Griffiths</surname><name>Rowena Griffiths</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>e60c9c73b645f0e8033ae26fa8e634b8</sid><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Harris</surname><name>Daniel Harris</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>1b74fa5125a88451c52c45bcf20e0b47</sid><ORCID/><firstname>Jane</firstname><surname>Lyons</surname><name>Jane Lyons</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>3d7a7f540a5143114fcaf67e4c68d151</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-6315-7553</ORCID><firstname>Andrew</firstname><surname>Morris</surname><name>Andrew Morris</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>a255822cf77a0184cb6922e9fbea39e9</sid><firstname>Laura</firstname><surname>North</surname><name>Laura North</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>3676f695eeda169d0f8c618adf27c04b</sid><ORCID>0000-0001-6926-2947</ORCID><firstname>Julian</firstname><surname>Halcox</surname><name>Julian Halcox</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>83efcf2a9dfcf8b55586999d3d152ac6</sid><ORCID>0000-0001-5225-000X</ORCID><firstname>Ronan</firstname><surname>Lyons</surname><name>Ronan Lyons</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2022-05-06</date><deptcode>MEDS</deptcode><abstract>BackgroundPopulation-level information on dispensed medication provides insight on the distribution of treated morbidities, particularly if linked to other population-scale data at an individual-level.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on dispensing patterns of medications.MethodsRetrospective observational study using population-scale, individual-level dispensing records in Wales, UK. Total dispensed drug items for the population between 1st January 2016 and 31st December 2019 (3-years, pre-COVID-19) were compared to 2020 with follow up until 27th July 2021 (COVID-19 period). We compared trends across all years and British National Formulary (BNF) chapters and highlighted the trends in three major chapters for 2019-21: 1-Cardiovascular system (CVD); 2-Central Nervous System (CNS); 3-Immunological & Vaccine. We developed an interactive dashboard to enable monitoring of changes as the pandemic evolves.ResultAmongst all BNF chapters, 73,410,543 items were dispensed in 2020 compared to 74,121,180 items in 2019 demonstrating -0.96% relative decrease in 2020. Comparison of monthly patterns showed average difference (D) of -59,220 and average Relative Change (RC) of -0.74% between the number of dispensed items in 2020 and 2019. Maximum RC was observed in March 2020 (D= +1,224,909 and RC= +20.62%), followed by second peak in June 2020 (D= +257,920, RC= +4.50%). A third peak was observed in September 2020 (D= +264,138, RC= +4.35%). Large increases in March 2020 were observed for CVD and CNS medications across all age groups. The Immunological and Vaccine products dropped to very low levels across all age groups and all months (including the March dispensing peak).ConclusionsReconfiguration of routine clinical services during COVID-19 led to substantial changes in community pharmacy drug dispensing. This change may contribute to a long-term burden of COVID-19, raising the importance of a comprehensive and timely monitoring of changes for evaluation of the potential impact on clinical care and outcomes.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>International Journal of Population Data Science</journal><volume>5</volume><journalNumber>4</journalNumber><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>Swansea University</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>2399-4908</issnElectronic><keywords>community dispensing; dispensed medication; public health; COVID-19; interactive dispensing dashboard</keywords><publishedDay>28</publishedDay><publishedMonth>4</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-04-28</publishedDate><doi>10.23889/ijpds.v5i4.1715</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Medical School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>MEDS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>This work was supported by the Con-COV team funded by theMedical Research Council (grant number: MR/V028367/1).This work was supported by Health Data Research UK, whichreceives its funding from HDR UK Ltd (HDR-9006) funded bythe UK Medical Research Council, Engineering and PhysicalSciences Research Council, Economic and Social ResearchCouncil, Department of Health and Social Care (England),Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health andSocial Care Directorates, Health and Social Care Researchand Development Division (Welsh Government), Public HealthAgency (Northern Ireland), British Heart Foundation (BHF)and the Wellcome Trust. This work was supported by the ADRWales programme of work. ADR Wales is part of theEconomic and Social Research Council (part of UK Researchand Innovation) funded ADR UK (grant ES/S007393/1). Thiswork was supported by the Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre,funded by Health and Care Research Wales.</funders><lastEdited>2022-05-25T14:49:01.9629470</lastEdited><Created>2022-05-06T16:37:30.1793678</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Medicine</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Fatemeh</firstname><surname>Torabi</surname><orcid>0000-0002-5853-4625</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Ashley</firstname><surname>Akbari</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0814-0801</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Stuart</firstname><surname>Bedston</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Gareth</firstname><surname>Davies</surname><orcid>0000-0001-9005-1618</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Hoda</firstname><surname>Abbasizanjani</surname><orcid>0000-0002-9575-4758</orcid><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Michael</firstname><surname>Gravenor</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0710-0947</orcid><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Rowena</firstname><surname>Griffiths</surname><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Harris</surname><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Neil</firstname><surname>Jenkins</surname><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>Jane</firstname><surname>Lyons</surname><orcid/><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Andrew</firstname><surname>Morris</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6315-7553</orcid><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>Laura</firstname><surname>North</surname><order>12</order></author><author><firstname>Julian</firstname><surname>Halcox</surname><orcid>0000-0001-6926-2947</orcid><order>13</order></author><author><firstname>Ronan</firstname><surname>Lyons</surname><orcid>0000-0001-5225-000X</orcid><order>14</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>59976__24179__ac294069079143729caede4fa98b9246.pdf</filename><originalFilename>59976.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-05-25T14:47:22.7405619</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>7515371</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>2022 © The Authors. 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2022-05-25T14:49:01.9629470 v2 59976 2022-05-06 Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK f569591e1bfb0e405b8091f99fec45d3 0000-0002-5853-4625 Fatemeh Torabi Fatemeh Torabi true false aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52 0000-0003-0814-0801 Ashley Akbari Ashley Akbari true false c79d07eaba5c9515c0df82b372b76a41 Stuart Bedston Stuart Bedston true false 98490239b86cc892a382416d048cdb3c 0000-0001-9005-1618 Gareth Davies Gareth Davies true false 93dd7e747f3118a99566c68592a3ddcc 0000-0002-9575-4758 Hoda Abbasizanjani Hoda Abbasizanjani true false 70a544476ce62ba78502ce463c2500d6 0000-0003-0710-0947 Michael Gravenor Michael Gravenor true false 381464f639f98bd388c29326ca7f862c Rowena Griffiths Rowena Griffiths true false e60c9c73b645f0e8033ae26fa8e634b8 Daniel Harris Daniel Harris true false 1b74fa5125a88451c52c45bcf20e0b47 Jane Lyons Jane Lyons true false 3d7a7f540a5143114fcaf67e4c68d151 0000-0002-6315-7553 Andrew Morris Andrew Morris true false a255822cf77a0184cb6922e9fbea39e9 Laura North Laura North true false 3676f695eeda169d0f8c618adf27c04b 0000-0001-6926-2947 Julian Halcox Julian Halcox true false 83efcf2a9dfcf8b55586999d3d152ac6 0000-0001-5225-000X Ronan Lyons Ronan Lyons true false 2022-05-06 MEDS BackgroundPopulation-level information on dispensed medication provides insight on the distribution of treated morbidities, particularly if linked to other population-scale data at an individual-level.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on dispensing patterns of medications.MethodsRetrospective observational study using population-scale, individual-level dispensing records in Wales, UK. Total dispensed drug items for the population between 1st January 2016 and 31st December 2019 (3-years, pre-COVID-19) were compared to 2020 with follow up until 27th July 2021 (COVID-19 period). We compared trends across all years and British National Formulary (BNF) chapters and highlighted the trends in three major chapters for 2019-21: 1-Cardiovascular system (CVD); 2-Central Nervous System (CNS); 3-Immunological & Vaccine. We developed an interactive dashboard to enable monitoring of changes as the pandemic evolves.ResultAmongst all BNF chapters, 73,410,543 items were dispensed in 2020 compared to 74,121,180 items in 2019 demonstrating -0.96% relative decrease in 2020. Comparison of monthly patterns showed average difference (D) of -59,220 and average Relative Change (RC) of -0.74% between the number of dispensed items in 2020 and 2019. Maximum RC was observed in March 2020 (D= +1,224,909 and RC= +20.62%), followed by second peak in June 2020 (D= +257,920, RC= +4.50%). A third peak was observed in September 2020 (D= +264,138, RC= +4.35%). Large increases in March 2020 were observed for CVD and CNS medications across all age groups. The Immunological and Vaccine products dropped to very low levels across all age groups and all months (including the March dispensing peak).ConclusionsReconfiguration of routine clinical services during COVID-19 led to substantial changes in community pharmacy drug dispensing. This change may contribute to a long-term burden of COVID-19, raising the importance of a comprehensive and timely monitoring of changes for evaluation of the potential impact on clinical care and outcomes. Journal Article International Journal of Population Data Science 5 4 Swansea University 2399-4908 community dispensing; dispensed medication; public health; COVID-19; interactive dispensing dashboard 28 4 2022 2022-04-28 10.23889/ijpds.v5i4.1715 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University This work was supported by the Con-COV team funded by theMedical Research Council (grant number: MR/V028367/1).This work was supported by Health Data Research UK, whichreceives its funding from HDR UK Ltd (HDR-9006) funded bythe UK Medical Research Council, Engineering and PhysicalSciences Research Council, Economic and Social ResearchCouncil, Department of Health and Social Care (England),Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health andSocial Care Directorates, Health and Social Care Researchand Development Division (Welsh Government), Public HealthAgency (Northern Ireland), British Heart Foundation (BHF)and the Wellcome Trust. This work was supported by the ADRWales programme of work. ADR Wales is part of theEconomic and Social Research Council (part of UK Researchand Innovation) funded ADR UK (grant ES/S007393/1). Thiswork was supported by the Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre,funded by Health and Care Research Wales. 2022-05-25T14:49:01.9629470 2022-05-06T16:37:30.1793678 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Fatemeh Torabi 0000-0002-5853-4625 1 Ashley Akbari 0000-0003-0814-0801 2 Stuart Bedston 3 Gareth Davies 0000-0001-9005-1618 4 Hoda Abbasizanjani 0000-0002-9575-4758 5 Michael Gravenor 0000-0003-0710-0947 6 Rowena Griffiths 7 Daniel Harris 8 Neil Jenkins 9 Jane Lyons 10 Andrew Morris 0000-0002-6315-7553 11 Laura North 12 Julian Halcox 0000-0001-6926-2947 13 Ronan Lyons 0000-0001-5225-000X 14 59976__24179__ac294069079143729caede4fa98b9246.pdf 59976.pdf 2022-05-25T14:47:22.7405619 Output 7515371 application/pdf Version of Record true 2022 © The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en |
title |
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK |
spellingShingle |
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK Fatemeh Torabi Ashley Akbari Stuart Bedston Gareth Davies Hoda Abbasizanjani Michael Gravenor Rowena Griffiths Daniel Harris Jane Lyons Andrew Morris Laura North Julian Halcox Ronan Lyons |
title_short |
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK |
title_full |
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK |
title_fullStr |
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK |
title_sort |
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK |
author_id_str_mv |
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f569591e1bfb0e405b8091f99fec45d3_***_Fatemeh Torabi aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52_***_Ashley Akbari c79d07eaba5c9515c0df82b372b76a41_***_Stuart Bedston 98490239b86cc892a382416d048cdb3c_***_Gareth Davies 93dd7e747f3118a99566c68592a3ddcc_***_Hoda Abbasizanjani 70a544476ce62ba78502ce463c2500d6_***_Michael Gravenor 381464f639f98bd388c29326ca7f862c_***_Rowena Griffiths e60c9c73b645f0e8033ae26fa8e634b8_***_Daniel Harris 1b74fa5125a88451c52c45bcf20e0b47_***_Jane Lyons 3d7a7f540a5143114fcaf67e4c68d151_***_Andrew Morris a255822cf77a0184cb6922e9fbea39e9_***_Laura North 3676f695eeda169d0f8c618adf27c04b_***_Julian Halcox 83efcf2a9dfcf8b55586999d3d152ac6_***_Ronan Lyons |
author |
Fatemeh Torabi Ashley Akbari Stuart Bedston Gareth Davies Hoda Abbasizanjani Michael Gravenor Rowena Griffiths Daniel Harris Jane Lyons Andrew Morris Laura North Julian Halcox Ronan Lyons |
author2 |
Fatemeh Torabi Ashley Akbari Stuart Bedston Gareth Davies Hoda Abbasizanjani Michael Gravenor Rowena Griffiths Daniel Harris Neil Jenkins Jane Lyons Andrew Morris Laura North Julian Halcox Ronan Lyons |
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International Journal of Population Data Science |
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description |
BackgroundPopulation-level information on dispensed medication provides insight on the distribution of treated morbidities, particularly if linked to other population-scale data at an individual-level.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on dispensing patterns of medications.MethodsRetrospective observational study using population-scale, individual-level dispensing records in Wales, UK. Total dispensed drug items for the population between 1st January 2016 and 31st December 2019 (3-years, pre-COVID-19) were compared to 2020 with follow up until 27th July 2021 (COVID-19 period). We compared trends across all years and British National Formulary (BNF) chapters and highlighted the trends in three major chapters for 2019-21: 1-Cardiovascular system (CVD); 2-Central Nervous System (CNS); 3-Immunological & Vaccine. We developed an interactive dashboard to enable monitoring of changes as the pandemic evolves.ResultAmongst all BNF chapters, 73,410,543 items were dispensed in 2020 compared to 74,121,180 items in 2019 demonstrating -0.96% relative decrease in 2020. Comparison of monthly patterns showed average difference (D) of -59,220 and average Relative Change (RC) of -0.74% between the number of dispensed items in 2020 and 2019. Maximum RC was observed in March 2020 (D= +1,224,909 and RC= +20.62%), followed by second peak in June 2020 (D= +257,920, RC= +4.50%). A third peak was observed in September 2020 (D= +264,138, RC= +4.35%). Large increases in March 2020 were observed for CVD and CNS medications across all age groups. The Immunological and Vaccine products dropped to very low levels across all age groups and all months (including the March dispensing peak).ConclusionsReconfiguration of routine clinical services during COVID-19 led to substantial changes in community pharmacy drug dispensing. This change may contribute to a long-term burden of COVID-19, raising the importance of a comprehensive and timely monitoring of changes for evaluation of the potential impact on clinical care and outcomes. |
published_date |
2022-04-28T20:11:33Z |
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11.04748 |