No Cover Image

Journal article 567 views 71 downloads

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK

Fatemeh Torabi Orcid Logo, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo, Stuart Bedston, Gareth Davies Orcid Logo, Hoda Abbasizanjani Orcid Logo, Michael Gravenor Orcid Logo, Rowena Griffiths, Daniel Harris, Neil Jenkins, Jane Lyons, Andrew Morris Orcid Logo, Laura North, Julian Halcox Orcid Logo, Ronan Lyons Orcid Logo

International Journal of Population Data Science, Volume: 5, Issue: 4

Swansea University Authors: Fatemeh Torabi Orcid Logo, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo, Stuart Bedston, Gareth Davies Orcid Logo, Hoda Abbasizanjani Orcid Logo, Michael Gravenor Orcid Logo, Rowena Griffiths, Daniel Harris, Jane Lyons, Andrew Morris Orcid Logo, Laura North, Julian Halcox Orcid Logo, Ronan Lyons Orcid Logo

  • 59976.pdf

    PDF | Version of Record

    2022 © The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

    Download (7.17MB)

Check full text

DOI (Published version): 10.23889/ijpds.v5i4.1715

Abstract

BackgroundPopulation-level information on dispensed medication provides insight on the distribution of treated morbidities, particularly if linked to other population-scale data at an individual-level.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on dispensing patterns of medications.MethodsRetrospect...

Full description

Published in: International Journal of Population Data Science
ISSN: 2399-4908
Published: Swansea University 2022
Online Access: Check full text

URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59976
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
first_indexed 2022-05-25T13:46:17Z
last_indexed 2022-05-26T03:37:01Z
id cronfa59976
recordtype SURis
fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2022-05-25T14:49:01.9629470</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>59976</id><entry>2022-05-06</entry><title>Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>f569591e1bfb0e405b8091f99fec45d3</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-5853-4625</ORCID><firstname>Fatemeh</firstname><surname>Torabi</surname><name>Fatemeh Torabi</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-0814-0801</ORCID><firstname>Ashley</firstname><surname>Akbari</surname><name>Ashley Akbari</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>c79d07eaba5c9515c0df82b372b76a41</sid><firstname>Stuart</firstname><surname>Bedston</surname><name>Stuart Bedston</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>98490239b86cc892a382416d048cdb3c</sid><ORCID>0000-0001-9005-1618</ORCID><firstname>Gareth</firstname><surname>Davies</surname><name>Gareth Davies</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>93dd7e747f3118a99566c68592a3ddcc</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-9575-4758</ORCID><firstname>Hoda</firstname><surname>Abbasizanjani</surname><name>Hoda Abbasizanjani</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>70a544476ce62ba78502ce463c2500d6</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-0710-0947</ORCID><firstname>Michael</firstname><surname>Gravenor</surname><name>Michael Gravenor</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>381464f639f98bd388c29326ca7f862c</sid><firstname>Rowena</firstname><surname>Griffiths</surname><name>Rowena Griffiths</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>e60c9c73b645f0e8033ae26fa8e634b8</sid><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Harris</surname><name>Daniel Harris</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>1b74fa5125a88451c52c45bcf20e0b47</sid><ORCID/><firstname>Jane</firstname><surname>Lyons</surname><name>Jane Lyons</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>3d7a7f540a5143114fcaf67e4c68d151</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-6315-7553</ORCID><firstname>Andrew</firstname><surname>Morris</surname><name>Andrew Morris</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>a255822cf77a0184cb6922e9fbea39e9</sid><firstname>Laura</firstname><surname>North</surname><name>Laura North</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>3676f695eeda169d0f8c618adf27c04b</sid><ORCID>0000-0001-6926-2947</ORCID><firstname>Julian</firstname><surname>Halcox</surname><name>Julian Halcox</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>83efcf2a9dfcf8b55586999d3d152ac6</sid><ORCID>0000-0001-5225-000X</ORCID><firstname>Ronan</firstname><surname>Lyons</surname><name>Ronan Lyons</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2022-05-06</date><deptcode>HDAT</deptcode><abstract>BackgroundPopulation-level information on dispensed medication provides insight on the distribution of treated morbidities, particularly if linked to other population-scale data at an individual-level.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on dispensing patterns of medications.MethodsRetrospective observational study using population-scale, individual-level dispensing records in Wales, UK. Total dispensed drug items for the population between 1st January 2016 and 31st December 2019 (3-years, pre-COVID-19) were compared to 2020 with follow up until 27th July 2021 (COVID-19 period). We compared trends across all years and British National Formulary (BNF) chapters and highlighted the trends in three major chapters for 2019-21: 1-Cardiovascular system (CVD); 2-Central Nervous System (CNS); 3-Immunological &amp; Vaccine. We developed an interactive dashboard to enable monitoring of changes as the pandemic evolves.ResultAmongst all BNF chapters, 73,410,543 items were dispensed in 2020 compared to 74,121,180 items in 2019 demonstrating -0.96% relative decrease in 2020. Comparison of monthly patterns showed average difference (D) of -59,220 and average Relative Change (RC) of -0.74% between the number of dispensed items in 2020 and 2019. Maximum RC was observed in March 2020 (D= +1,224,909 and RC= +20.62%), followed by second peak in June 2020 (D= +257,920, RC= +4.50%). A third peak was observed in September 2020 (D= +264,138, RC= +4.35%). Large increases in March 2020 were observed for CVD and CNS medications across all age groups. The Immunological and Vaccine products dropped to very low levels across all age groups and all months (including the March dispensing peak).ConclusionsReconfiguration of routine clinical services during COVID-19 led to substantial changes in community pharmacy drug dispensing. This change may contribute to a long-term burden of COVID-19, raising the importance of a comprehensive and timely monitoring of changes for evaluation of the potential impact on clinical care and outcomes.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>International Journal of Population Data Science</journal><volume>5</volume><journalNumber>4</journalNumber><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>Swansea University</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>2399-4908</issnElectronic><keywords>community dispensing; dispensed medication; public health; COVID-19; interactive dispensing dashboard</keywords><publishedDay>28</publishedDay><publishedMonth>4</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-04-28</publishedDate><doi>10.23889/ijpds.v5i4.1715</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Health Data Science</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>HDAT</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>This work was supported by the Con-COV team funded by theMedical Research Council (grant number: MR/V028367/1).This work was supported by Health Data Research UK, whichreceives its funding from HDR UK Ltd (HDR-9006) funded bythe UK Medical Research Council, Engineering and PhysicalSciences Research Council, Economic and Social ResearchCouncil, Department of Health and Social Care (England),Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health andSocial Care Directorates, Health and Social Care Researchand Development Division (Welsh Government), Public HealthAgency (Northern Ireland), British Heart Foundation (BHF)and the Wellcome Trust. This work was supported by the ADRWales programme of work. ADR Wales is part of theEconomic and Social Research Council (part of UK Researchand Innovation) funded ADR UK (grant ES/S007393/1). Thiswork was supported by the Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre,funded by Health and Care Research Wales.</funders><lastEdited>2022-05-25T14:49:01.9629470</lastEdited><Created>2022-05-06T16:37:30.1793678</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Medicine</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Fatemeh</firstname><surname>Torabi</surname><orcid>0000-0002-5853-4625</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Ashley</firstname><surname>Akbari</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0814-0801</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Stuart</firstname><surname>Bedston</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Gareth</firstname><surname>Davies</surname><orcid>0000-0001-9005-1618</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Hoda</firstname><surname>Abbasizanjani</surname><orcid>0000-0002-9575-4758</orcid><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Michael</firstname><surname>Gravenor</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0710-0947</orcid><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Rowena</firstname><surname>Griffiths</surname><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Harris</surname><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Neil</firstname><surname>Jenkins</surname><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>Jane</firstname><surname>Lyons</surname><orcid/><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Andrew</firstname><surname>Morris</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6315-7553</orcid><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>Laura</firstname><surname>North</surname><order>12</order></author><author><firstname>Julian</firstname><surname>Halcox</surname><orcid>0000-0001-6926-2947</orcid><order>13</order></author><author><firstname>Ronan</firstname><surname>Lyons</surname><orcid>0000-0001-5225-000X</orcid><order>14</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>59976__24179__ac294069079143729caede4fa98b9246.pdf</filename><originalFilename>59976.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-05-25T14:47:22.7405619</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>7515371</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>2022 &#xA9; The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2022-05-25T14:49:01.9629470 v2 59976 2022-05-06 Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK f569591e1bfb0e405b8091f99fec45d3 0000-0002-5853-4625 Fatemeh Torabi Fatemeh Torabi true false aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52 0000-0003-0814-0801 Ashley Akbari Ashley Akbari true false c79d07eaba5c9515c0df82b372b76a41 Stuart Bedston Stuart Bedston true false 98490239b86cc892a382416d048cdb3c 0000-0001-9005-1618 Gareth Davies Gareth Davies true false 93dd7e747f3118a99566c68592a3ddcc 0000-0002-9575-4758 Hoda Abbasizanjani Hoda Abbasizanjani true false 70a544476ce62ba78502ce463c2500d6 0000-0003-0710-0947 Michael Gravenor Michael Gravenor true false 381464f639f98bd388c29326ca7f862c Rowena Griffiths Rowena Griffiths true false e60c9c73b645f0e8033ae26fa8e634b8 Daniel Harris Daniel Harris true false 1b74fa5125a88451c52c45bcf20e0b47 Jane Lyons Jane Lyons true false 3d7a7f540a5143114fcaf67e4c68d151 0000-0002-6315-7553 Andrew Morris Andrew Morris true false a255822cf77a0184cb6922e9fbea39e9 Laura North Laura North true false 3676f695eeda169d0f8c618adf27c04b 0000-0001-6926-2947 Julian Halcox Julian Halcox true false 83efcf2a9dfcf8b55586999d3d152ac6 0000-0001-5225-000X Ronan Lyons Ronan Lyons true false 2022-05-06 HDAT BackgroundPopulation-level information on dispensed medication provides insight on the distribution of treated morbidities, particularly if linked to other population-scale data at an individual-level.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on dispensing patterns of medications.MethodsRetrospective observational study using population-scale, individual-level dispensing records in Wales, UK. Total dispensed drug items for the population between 1st January 2016 and 31st December 2019 (3-years, pre-COVID-19) were compared to 2020 with follow up until 27th July 2021 (COVID-19 period). We compared trends across all years and British National Formulary (BNF) chapters and highlighted the trends in three major chapters for 2019-21: 1-Cardiovascular system (CVD); 2-Central Nervous System (CNS); 3-Immunological & Vaccine. We developed an interactive dashboard to enable monitoring of changes as the pandemic evolves.ResultAmongst all BNF chapters, 73,410,543 items were dispensed in 2020 compared to 74,121,180 items in 2019 demonstrating -0.96% relative decrease in 2020. Comparison of monthly patterns showed average difference (D) of -59,220 and average Relative Change (RC) of -0.74% between the number of dispensed items in 2020 and 2019. Maximum RC was observed in March 2020 (D= +1,224,909 and RC= +20.62%), followed by second peak in June 2020 (D= +257,920, RC= +4.50%). A third peak was observed in September 2020 (D= +264,138, RC= +4.35%). Large increases in March 2020 were observed for CVD and CNS medications across all age groups. The Immunological and Vaccine products dropped to very low levels across all age groups and all months (including the March dispensing peak).ConclusionsReconfiguration of routine clinical services during COVID-19 led to substantial changes in community pharmacy drug dispensing. This change may contribute to a long-term burden of COVID-19, raising the importance of a comprehensive and timely monitoring of changes for evaluation of the potential impact on clinical care and outcomes. Journal Article International Journal of Population Data Science 5 4 Swansea University 2399-4908 community dispensing; dispensed medication; public health; COVID-19; interactive dispensing dashboard 28 4 2022 2022-04-28 10.23889/ijpds.v5i4.1715 COLLEGE NANME Health Data Science COLLEGE CODE HDAT Swansea University This work was supported by the Con-COV team funded by theMedical Research Council (grant number: MR/V028367/1).This work was supported by Health Data Research UK, whichreceives its funding from HDR UK Ltd (HDR-9006) funded bythe UK Medical Research Council, Engineering and PhysicalSciences Research Council, Economic and Social ResearchCouncil, Department of Health and Social Care (England),Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health andSocial Care Directorates, Health and Social Care Researchand Development Division (Welsh Government), Public HealthAgency (Northern Ireland), British Heart Foundation (BHF)and the Wellcome Trust. This work was supported by the ADRWales programme of work. ADR Wales is part of theEconomic and Social Research Council (part of UK Researchand Innovation) funded ADR UK (grant ES/S007393/1). Thiswork was supported by the Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre,funded by Health and Care Research Wales. 2022-05-25T14:49:01.9629470 2022-05-06T16:37:30.1793678 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Fatemeh Torabi 0000-0002-5853-4625 1 Ashley Akbari 0000-0003-0814-0801 2 Stuart Bedston 3 Gareth Davies 0000-0001-9005-1618 4 Hoda Abbasizanjani 0000-0002-9575-4758 5 Michael Gravenor 0000-0003-0710-0947 6 Rowena Griffiths 7 Daniel Harris 8 Neil Jenkins 9 Jane Lyons 10 Andrew Morris 0000-0002-6315-7553 11 Laura North 12 Julian Halcox 0000-0001-6926-2947 13 Ronan Lyons 0000-0001-5225-000X 14 59976__24179__ac294069079143729caede4fa98b9246.pdf 59976.pdf 2022-05-25T14:47:22.7405619 Output 7515371 application/pdf Version of Record true 2022 © The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
title Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK
spellingShingle Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK
Fatemeh Torabi
Ashley Akbari
Stuart Bedston
Gareth Davies
Hoda Abbasizanjani
Michael Gravenor
Rowena Griffiths
Daniel Harris
Jane Lyons
Andrew Morris
Laura North
Julian Halcox
Ronan Lyons
title_short Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK
title_full Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK
title_fullStr Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK
title_full_unstemmed Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK
title_sort Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community medication dispensing: a national cohort analysis in Wales, UK
author_id_str_mv f569591e1bfb0e405b8091f99fec45d3
aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52
c79d07eaba5c9515c0df82b372b76a41
98490239b86cc892a382416d048cdb3c
93dd7e747f3118a99566c68592a3ddcc
70a544476ce62ba78502ce463c2500d6
381464f639f98bd388c29326ca7f862c
e60c9c73b645f0e8033ae26fa8e634b8
1b74fa5125a88451c52c45bcf20e0b47
3d7a7f540a5143114fcaf67e4c68d151
a255822cf77a0184cb6922e9fbea39e9
3676f695eeda169d0f8c618adf27c04b
83efcf2a9dfcf8b55586999d3d152ac6
author_id_fullname_str_mv f569591e1bfb0e405b8091f99fec45d3_***_Fatemeh Torabi
aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52_***_Ashley Akbari
c79d07eaba5c9515c0df82b372b76a41_***_Stuart Bedston
98490239b86cc892a382416d048cdb3c_***_Gareth Davies
93dd7e747f3118a99566c68592a3ddcc_***_Hoda Abbasizanjani
70a544476ce62ba78502ce463c2500d6_***_Michael Gravenor
381464f639f98bd388c29326ca7f862c_***_Rowena Griffiths
e60c9c73b645f0e8033ae26fa8e634b8_***_Daniel Harris
1b74fa5125a88451c52c45bcf20e0b47_***_Jane Lyons
3d7a7f540a5143114fcaf67e4c68d151_***_Andrew Morris
a255822cf77a0184cb6922e9fbea39e9_***_Laura North
3676f695eeda169d0f8c618adf27c04b_***_Julian Halcox
83efcf2a9dfcf8b55586999d3d152ac6_***_Ronan Lyons
author Fatemeh Torabi
Ashley Akbari
Stuart Bedston
Gareth Davies
Hoda Abbasizanjani
Michael Gravenor
Rowena Griffiths
Daniel Harris
Jane Lyons
Andrew Morris
Laura North
Julian Halcox
Ronan Lyons
author2 Fatemeh Torabi
Ashley Akbari
Stuart Bedston
Gareth Davies
Hoda Abbasizanjani
Michael Gravenor
Rowena Griffiths
Daniel Harris
Neil Jenkins
Jane Lyons
Andrew Morris
Laura North
Julian Halcox
Ronan Lyons
format Journal article
container_title International Journal of Population Data Science
container_volume 5
container_issue 4
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 2399-4908
doi_str_mv 10.23889/ijpds.v5i4.1715
publisher Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description BackgroundPopulation-level information on dispensed medication provides insight on the distribution of treated morbidities, particularly if linked to other population-scale data at an individual-level.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on dispensing patterns of medications.MethodsRetrospective observational study using population-scale, individual-level dispensing records in Wales, UK. Total dispensed drug items for the population between 1st January 2016 and 31st December 2019 (3-years, pre-COVID-19) were compared to 2020 with follow up until 27th July 2021 (COVID-19 period). We compared trends across all years and British National Formulary (BNF) chapters and highlighted the trends in three major chapters for 2019-21: 1-Cardiovascular system (CVD); 2-Central Nervous System (CNS); 3-Immunological & Vaccine. We developed an interactive dashboard to enable monitoring of changes as the pandemic evolves.ResultAmongst all BNF chapters, 73,410,543 items were dispensed in 2020 compared to 74,121,180 items in 2019 demonstrating -0.96% relative decrease in 2020. Comparison of monthly patterns showed average difference (D) of -59,220 and average Relative Change (RC) of -0.74% between the number of dispensed items in 2020 and 2019. Maximum RC was observed in March 2020 (D= +1,224,909 and RC= +20.62%), followed by second peak in June 2020 (D= +257,920, RC= +4.50%). A third peak was observed in September 2020 (D= +264,138, RC= +4.35%). Large increases in March 2020 were observed for CVD and CNS medications across all age groups. The Immunological and Vaccine products dropped to very low levels across all age groups and all months (including the March dispensing peak).ConclusionsReconfiguration of routine clinical services during COVID-19 led to substantial changes in community pharmacy drug dispensing. This change may contribute to a long-term burden of COVID-19, raising the importance of a comprehensive and timely monitoring of changes for evaluation of the potential impact on clinical care and outcomes.
published_date 2022-04-28T04:17:41Z
_version_ 1763754179663233024
score 11.017731

Similar Items