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Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Graphite/Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanocomposites

Basheer A. Alshammari Orcid Logo, Mokarram Hossain Orcid Logo, Asma M. Alenad Orcid Logo, Abdullah G. Alharbi, Bandar M. AlOtaibi

Polymers, Volume: 14, Issue: 9, Start page: 1718

Swansea University Author: Mokarram Hossain Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/polym14091718

Abstract

In this work, graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) were incorporated into poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) matrix to prepare PET-GNP nanocomposites using a melt compounding followed by compression moulding and then quenching process. Both static and dynamic mechanical properties of these quenched materia...

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Published in: Polymers
ISSN: 2073-4360
Published: MDPI AG 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59777
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Both static and dynamic mechanical properties of these quenched materials were characterized as a function of GNP contents using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and tensile machine, respectively. The results demonstrated that the addition of GNP improved the stiffness of PET significantly. Additionally, the maximum increase in the storage modulus of 72 % at 6 wt. % GNP. The incorporation of GNP beyond 6 wt. % into PET decreases the storage moduli, but they remain higher than pure PET. The observed reduction could be due to agglomeration, resulting in poorer dispersion and distribution of higher levels of GNP into the PET matrix. In contrast to the results for moduli, tensile strength and elongations at break reduce with increasing the GNP content. For example, tensile strength reduced from ~ 46 MPa (neat PET) to ~ 39 MPa (- 15 %) for the nanocomposites containing 2 wt. % GNP. This reduction is accompanied by a decline in elongation at break from ~ 6.3 (neat PET) to ~ 3.4 (- 46 %) for the same nanocomposites. Such reductions are followed by a gradual decrease in upon further addition of GNP. These reductions indicate that increasing GNP loadings, results in brittleness in nanocomposites. In addition, it was found that quenched PET and composite samples were not fully crystallized after processing and therefore (cold) crystallized during the first heating cycle DMTA, as indicated by a rise in storage moduli above the glass transition temperature during the DMTA first heat. Furthermore, mathematical models based on non-linear theories are developed to capture the experimental data. For this, a set of mechanical stress-strain data is used for model parameters&#x2019; identification. 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spelling 2022-05-13T12:00:07.6693657 v2 59777 2022-04-07 Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Graphite/Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanocomposites 140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd 0000-0002-4616-1104 Mokarram Hossain Mokarram Hossain true false 2022-04-07 GENG In this work, graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) were incorporated into poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) matrix to prepare PET-GNP nanocomposites using a melt compounding followed by compression moulding and then quenching process. Both static and dynamic mechanical properties of these quenched materials were characterized as a function of GNP contents using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and tensile machine, respectively. The results demonstrated that the addition of GNP improved the stiffness of PET significantly. Additionally, the maximum increase in the storage modulus of 72 % at 6 wt. % GNP. The incorporation of GNP beyond 6 wt. % into PET decreases the storage moduli, but they remain higher than pure PET. The observed reduction could be due to agglomeration, resulting in poorer dispersion and distribution of higher levels of GNP into the PET matrix. In contrast to the results for moduli, tensile strength and elongations at break reduce with increasing the GNP content. For example, tensile strength reduced from ~ 46 MPa (neat PET) to ~ 39 MPa (- 15 %) for the nanocomposites containing 2 wt. % GNP. This reduction is accompanied by a decline in elongation at break from ~ 6.3 (neat PET) to ~ 3.4 (- 46 %) for the same nanocomposites. Such reductions are followed by a gradual decrease in upon further addition of GNP. These reductions indicate that increasing GNP loadings, results in brittleness in nanocomposites. In addition, it was found that quenched PET and composite samples were not fully crystallized after processing and therefore (cold) crystallized during the first heating cycle DMTA, as indicated by a rise in storage moduli above the glass transition temperature during the DMTA first heat. Furthermore, mathematical models based on non-linear theories are developed to capture the experimental data. For this, a set of mechanical stress-strain data is used for model parameters’ identification. Another set of data is used for the model validation that demonstrates good agreements with the experimental study. Journal Article Polymers 14 9 1718 MDPI AG 2073-4360 Graphite Nanoplatelets (GNP), Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), Nanocomposites, Mechanical tests, Mathematical models 22 4 2022 2022-04-22 10.3390/polym14091718 COLLEGE NANME General Engineering COLLEGE CODE GENG Swansea University This theoretical analysis of this research was funded by the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education, in Saudi Arabia, through project number 375213500. 2022-05-13T12:00:07.6693657 2022-04-07T08:25:02.0435272 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - General Engineering Basheer A. Alshammari 0000-0002-2811-5681 1 Mokarram Hossain 0000-0002-4616-1104 2 Asma M. Alenad 0000-0003-0254-9657 3 Abdullah G. Alharbi 4 Bandar M. AlOtaibi 5 59777__24061__24f06d371faf45db8ac4deb6f66813a8.pdf 59777.pdf 2022-05-13T11:58:32.8976280 Output 1615326 application/pdf Version of Record true Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Graphite/Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanocomposites
spellingShingle Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Graphite/Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanocomposites
Mokarram Hossain
title_short Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Graphite/Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanocomposites
title_full Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Graphite/Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanocomposites
title_fullStr Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Graphite/Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanocomposites
title_full_unstemmed Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Graphite/Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanocomposites
title_sort Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Graphite/Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanocomposites
author_id_str_mv 140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd
author_id_fullname_str_mv 140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd_***_Mokarram Hossain
author Mokarram Hossain
author2 Basheer A. Alshammari
Mokarram Hossain
Asma M. Alenad
Abdullah G. Alharbi
Bandar M. AlOtaibi
format Journal article
container_title Polymers
container_volume 14
container_issue 9
container_start_page 1718
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 2073-4360
doi_str_mv 10.3390/polym14091718
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - General Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - General Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description In this work, graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) were incorporated into poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) matrix to prepare PET-GNP nanocomposites using a melt compounding followed by compression moulding and then quenching process. Both static and dynamic mechanical properties of these quenched materials were characterized as a function of GNP contents using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and tensile machine, respectively. The results demonstrated that the addition of GNP improved the stiffness of PET significantly. Additionally, the maximum increase in the storage modulus of 72 % at 6 wt. % GNP. The incorporation of GNP beyond 6 wt. % into PET decreases the storage moduli, but they remain higher than pure PET. The observed reduction could be due to agglomeration, resulting in poorer dispersion and distribution of higher levels of GNP into the PET matrix. In contrast to the results for moduli, tensile strength and elongations at break reduce with increasing the GNP content. For example, tensile strength reduced from ~ 46 MPa (neat PET) to ~ 39 MPa (- 15 %) for the nanocomposites containing 2 wt. % GNP. This reduction is accompanied by a decline in elongation at break from ~ 6.3 (neat PET) to ~ 3.4 (- 46 %) for the same nanocomposites. Such reductions are followed by a gradual decrease in upon further addition of GNP. These reductions indicate that increasing GNP loadings, results in brittleness in nanocomposites. In addition, it was found that quenched PET and composite samples were not fully crystallized after processing and therefore (cold) crystallized during the first heating cycle DMTA, as indicated by a rise in storage moduli above the glass transition temperature during the DMTA first heat. Furthermore, mathematical models based on non-linear theories are developed to capture the experimental data. For this, a set of mechanical stress-strain data is used for model parameters’ identification. Another set of data is used for the model validation that demonstrates good agreements with the experimental study.
published_date 2022-04-22T04:17:20Z
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score 11.037056

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