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NPS detection in prison: A systematic literature review of use, drug form, and analytical approaches

Giorgia Vaccaro Orcid Logo, Anna Massariol, Amira Guirguis Orcid Logo, Stewart B. Kirton Orcid Logo, Jacqueline L. Stair Orcid Logo

Drug Testing and Analysis, Volume: 14, Issue: 8, Pages: 1350 - 1367

Swansea University Author: Amira Guirguis Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1002/dta.3263

Abstract

This paper presents a systematic literature review on the detection of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in prison settings. It includes the most frequently reported NPS classes, the routes and forms used for smuggling, and the methods employed to analyse biological and non-biological samples. The s...

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Published in: Drug Testing and Analysis
ISSN: 1942-7603 1942-7611
Published: Wiley 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59765
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spelling 2022-09-09T14:23:49.2122117 v2 59765 2022-04-05 NPS detection in prison: A systematic literature review of use, drug form, and analytical approaches b49270b9a0d580cf4f31f9a1b6c93f87 0000-0001-8255-0660 Amira Guirguis Amira Guirguis true false 2022-04-05 MEDS This paper presents a systematic literature review on the detection of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in prison settings. It includes the most frequently reported NPS classes, the routes and forms used for smuggling, and the methods employed to analyse biological and non-biological samples. The search was carried out using MEDLINE (EBSCO), Scopus (ELSEVIER), PubMed (NCBI), and Web of Science (Clarivate) databases, along with reports from the grey literature in line with the PRISMA-S guidelines. A total of 2708 records were identified, of which 50 met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed the most prevalent NPS class reported in prison was synthetic cannabinoids (SCs). The most frequently reported SCs in non-biological samples were 4F-MDMB-BINACA, MDMB-4en-PINACA, and 5F-ADB. These were smuggled mainly through the postal services deposited on paper or herbal matrices. Concentrations of SCs detected on seized paper ranged between 0.05 and 1.17 mg/cm2. The SCs most frequently reported in biological specimens (i.e., urine, blood, saliva, and wastewater) were 5F-MDMB-PICA, 4F-MDMB-BINACA, and MDMB-4en-PINACA. Concentrations of SCs reported in femoral blood and serum were 0.12–0.48 ng/ml and 34–17 ng/ml, respectively. Hyphenated techniques were predominantly employed and generally successful for the detection of NPS in biological (i.e., LC-HRMS/MS) and non-biological samples (i.e., LC-HRMS/MS and GC–MS). The onsite technique IMS showed promise for detecting SCs in various forms; however, immunoassays were not recommended. Future work should focus on accurate in-field detection of SCs deposited on paper and in urine and saliva to improve real-time decision-making, as well as wastewater and air monitoring for overall drug use trends. Journal Article Drug Testing and Analysis 14 8 1350 1367 Wiley 1942-7603 1942-7611 new psychoactive substances; NPS; prisons; synthetic cannabinoids; systematic literature review 4 8 2022 2022-08-04 10.1002/dta.3263 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University 2022-09-09T14:23:49.2122117 2022-04-05T21:27:57.5686175 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Giorgia Vaccaro 0000-0002-2895-4952 1 Anna Massariol 2 Amira Guirguis 0000-0001-8255-0660 3 Stewart B. Kirton 0000-0002-1567-0061 4 Jacqueline L. Stair 0000-0001-8365-5894 5 59765__24063__5166d033ed3b4229888852c60ec3e80e.pdf 59765.pdf 2022-05-13T12:37:37.5394874 Output 1684631 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title NPS detection in prison: A systematic literature review of use, drug form, and analytical approaches
spellingShingle NPS detection in prison: A systematic literature review of use, drug form, and analytical approaches
Amira Guirguis
title_short NPS detection in prison: A systematic literature review of use, drug form, and analytical approaches
title_full NPS detection in prison: A systematic literature review of use, drug form, and analytical approaches
title_fullStr NPS detection in prison: A systematic literature review of use, drug form, and analytical approaches
title_full_unstemmed NPS detection in prison: A systematic literature review of use, drug form, and analytical approaches
title_sort NPS detection in prison: A systematic literature review of use, drug form, and analytical approaches
author_id_str_mv b49270b9a0d580cf4f31f9a1b6c93f87
author_id_fullname_str_mv b49270b9a0d580cf4f31f9a1b6c93f87_***_Amira Guirguis
author Amira Guirguis
author2 Giorgia Vaccaro
Anna Massariol
Amira Guirguis
Stewart B. Kirton
Jacqueline L. Stair
format Journal article
container_title Drug Testing and Analysis
container_volume 14
container_issue 8
container_start_page 1350
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 1942-7603
1942-7611
doi_str_mv 10.1002/dta.3263
publisher Wiley
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
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description This paper presents a systematic literature review on the detection of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in prison settings. It includes the most frequently reported NPS classes, the routes and forms used for smuggling, and the methods employed to analyse biological and non-biological samples. The search was carried out using MEDLINE (EBSCO), Scopus (ELSEVIER), PubMed (NCBI), and Web of Science (Clarivate) databases, along with reports from the grey literature in line with the PRISMA-S guidelines. A total of 2708 records were identified, of which 50 met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed the most prevalent NPS class reported in prison was synthetic cannabinoids (SCs). The most frequently reported SCs in non-biological samples were 4F-MDMB-BINACA, MDMB-4en-PINACA, and 5F-ADB. These were smuggled mainly through the postal services deposited on paper or herbal matrices. Concentrations of SCs detected on seized paper ranged between 0.05 and 1.17 mg/cm2. The SCs most frequently reported in biological specimens (i.e., urine, blood, saliva, and wastewater) were 5F-MDMB-PICA, 4F-MDMB-BINACA, and MDMB-4en-PINACA. Concentrations of SCs reported in femoral blood and serum were 0.12–0.48 ng/ml and 34–17 ng/ml, respectively. Hyphenated techniques were predominantly employed and generally successful for the detection of NPS in biological (i.e., LC-HRMS/MS) and non-biological samples (i.e., LC-HRMS/MS and GC–MS). The onsite technique IMS showed promise for detecting SCs in various forms; however, immunoassays were not recommended. Future work should focus on accurate in-field detection of SCs deposited on paper and in urine and saliva to improve real-time decision-making, as well as wastewater and air monitoring for overall drug use trends.
published_date 2022-08-04T14:14:09Z
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