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Self-organization of collective escape in pigeon flocks

Marina Papadopoulou Orcid Logo, Hanno Hildenbrandt Orcid Logo, Daniel W. E. Sankey Orcid Logo, Steven J. Portugal Orcid Logo, Charlotte K. Hemelrijk Orcid Logo

PLOS Computational Biology, Volume: 18, Issue: 1, Start page: e1009772

Swansea University Author: Marina Papadopoulou Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009772

Abstract

Bird flocks under predation demonstrate complex patterns of collective escape. These patterns may emerge by self-organization from local interactions among group-members. Computational models have been shown to be valuable for identifying what behavioral rules may govern such interactions among indi...

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Published in: PLOS Computational Biology
ISSN: 1553-7358
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59585
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However, our knowledge of such rules for collective escape is limited by the lack of quantitative data on bird flocks under predation in the field. In the present study, we analyze the first GPS trajectories of pigeons in airborne flocks attacked by a robotic falcon in order to build a species-specific model of collective escape. We use our model to examine a recently identified distance-dependent pattern of collective behavior: the closer the prey is to the predator, the higher the frequency with which flock members turn away from it. We first extract from the empirical data of pigeon flocks the characteristics of their shape and internal structure (bearing angle and distance to nearest neighbors). Combining these with information on their coordination from the literature, we build an agent-based model adjusted to pigeons&#x2019; collective escape. We show that the pattern of turning away from the predator with increased frequency when the predator is closer arises without prey prioritizing escape when the predator is near. Instead, it emerges through self-organization from a behavioral rule to avoid the predator independently of their distance to it. During this self-organization process, we show how flock members increase their consensus over which direction to escape and turn collectively as the predator gets closer. Our results suggest that coordination among flock members, combined with simple escape rules, reduces the cognitive costs of tracking the predator while flocking. Such escape rules that are independent of the distance to the predator can now be investigated in other species. Our study showcases the important role of computational models in the interpretation of empirical findings of collective behavior.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>PLOS Computational Biology</journal><volume>18</volume><journalNumber>1</journalNumber><paginationStart>e1009772</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>1553-7358</issnElectronic><keywords/><publishedDay>10</publishedDay><publishedMonth>1</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-01-10</publishedDate><doi>10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009772</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Biosciences</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>SBI</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>This work has been financed to C.K.H. by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO - https://www.nwo.nl), the Open Technology Programme (OTP) Preventing bird strikes: Developing RoboFalcons to deter bird flocks project number 14723. The empirical work was funded by a Royal Society (https://royalsociety.org) Research Grant (R10952) to S.P.</funders><lastEdited>2022-03-30T09:27:44.3987572</lastEdited><Created>2022-03-11T10:13:45.1134166</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Marina</firstname><surname>Papadopoulou</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6478-8365</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Hanno</firstname><surname>Hildenbrandt</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6784-1037</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Daniel W. 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spelling 2022-03-30T09:27:44.3987572 v2 59585 2022-03-11 Self-organization of collective escape in pigeon flocks a2fe90e37bd6b78c6fdb9e640057c0ea 0000-0002-6478-8365 Marina Papadopoulou Marina Papadopoulou true false 2022-03-11 SBI Bird flocks under predation demonstrate complex patterns of collective escape. These patterns may emerge by self-organization from local interactions among group-members. Computational models have been shown to be valuable for identifying what behavioral rules may govern such interactions among individuals during collective motion. However, our knowledge of such rules for collective escape is limited by the lack of quantitative data on bird flocks under predation in the field. In the present study, we analyze the first GPS trajectories of pigeons in airborne flocks attacked by a robotic falcon in order to build a species-specific model of collective escape. We use our model to examine a recently identified distance-dependent pattern of collective behavior: the closer the prey is to the predator, the higher the frequency with which flock members turn away from it. We first extract from the empirical data of pigeon flocks the characteristics of their shape and internal structure (bearing angle and distance to nearest neighbors). Combining these with information on their coordination from the literature, we build an agent-based model adjusted to pigeons’ collective escape. We show that the pattern of turning away from the predator with increased frequency when the predator is closer arises without prey prioritizing escape when the predator is near. Instead, it emerges through self-organization from a behavioral rule to avoid the predator independently of their distance to it. During this self-organization process, we show how flock members increase their consensus over which direction to escape and turn collectively as the predator gets closer. Our results suggest that coordination among flock members, combined with simple escape rules, reduces the cognitive costs of tracking the predator while flocking. Such escape rules that are independent of the distance to the predator can now be investigated in other species. Our study showcases the important role of computational models in the interpretation of empirical findings of collective behavior. Journal Article PLOS Computational Biology 18 1 e1009772 Public Library of Science (PLoS) 1553-7358 10 1 2022 2022-01-10 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009772 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences COLLEGE CODE SBI Swansea University This work has been financed to C.K.H. by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO - https://www.nwo.nl), the Open Technology Programme (OTP) Preventing bird strikes: Developing RoboFalcons to deter bird flocks project number 14723. The empirical work was funded by a Royal Society (https://royalsociety.org) Research Grant (R10952) to S.P. 2022-03-30T09:27:44.3987572 2022-03-11T10:13:45.1134166 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Marina Papadopoulou 0000-0002-6478-8365 1 Hanno Hildenbrandt 0000-0002-6784-1037 2 Daniel W. E. Sankey 0000-0002-6363-8023 3 Steven J. Portugal 0000-0002-2438-2352 4 Charlotte K. Hemelrijk 0000-0001-6160-077x 5 59585__23732__e898d830d06a462b88ce3b0004087663.pdf 59585.pdf 2022-03-30T09:26:36.4739227 Output 3090866 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 Papadopoulou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Self-organization of collective escape in pigeon flocks
spellingShingle Self-organization of collective escape in pigeon flocks
Marina Papadopoulou
title_short Self-organization of collective escape in pigeon flocks
title_full Self-organization of collective escape in pigeon flocks
title_fullStr Self-organization of collective escape in pigeon flocks
title_full_unstemmed Self-organization of collective escape in pigeon flocks
title_sort Self-organization of collective escape in pigeon flocks
author_id_str_mv a2fe90e37bd6b78c6fdb9e640057c0ea
author_id_fullname_str_mv a2fe90e37bd6b78c6fdb9e640057c0ea_***_Marina Papadopoulou
author Marina Papadopoulou
author2 Marina Papadopoulou
Hanno Hildenbrandt
Daniel W. E. Sankey
Steven J. Portugal
Charlotte K. Hemelrijk
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container_start_page e1009772
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
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publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
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department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
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description Bird flocks under predation demonstrate complex patterns of collective escape. These patterns may emerge by self-organization from local interactions among group-members. Computational models have been shown to be valuable for identifying what behavioral rules may govern such interactions among individuals during collective motion. However, our knowledge of such rules for collective escape is limited by the lack of quantitative data on bird flocks under predation in the field. In the present study, we analyze the first GPS trajectories of pigeons in airborne flocks attacked by a robotic falcon in order to build a species-specific model of collective escape. We use our model to examine a recently identified distance-dependent pattern of collective behavior: the closer the prey is to the predator, the higher the frequency with which flock members turn away from it. We first extract from the empirical data of pigeon flocks the characteristics of their shape and internal structure (bearing angle and distance to nearest neighbors). Combining these with information on their coordination from the literature, we build an agent-based model adjusted to pigeons’ collective escape. We show that the pattern of turning away from the predator with increased frequency when the predator is closer arises without prey prioritizing escape when the predator is near. Instead, it emerges through self-organization from a behavioral rule to avoid the predator independently of their distance to it. During this self-organization process, we show how flock members increase their consensus over which direction to escape and turn collectively as the predator gets closer. Our results suggest that coordination among flock members, combined with simple escape rules, reduces the cognitive costs of tracking the predator while flocking. Such escape rules that are independent of the distance to the predator can now be investigated in other species. Our study showcases the important role of computational models in the interpretation of empirical findings of collective behavior.
published_date 2022-01-10T04:17:01Z
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