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The immunobiology of Crepidula fornicata and its potential to act as a harbourer of infectious disease / EMMA QUINN

Swansea University Author: EMMA QUINN

DOI (Published version): 10.23889/SUthesis.59487

Abstract

Invasive alien marine species have garnered a negative reputation outside of their native ranges, often due to them translocating disease from their native areas to their new environment. Much of the currently available resources on the disease status of marine species is focused on species of comme...

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Published: Swansea 2022
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
Supervisor: Coates, Christopher ; Rowley, Andrew
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59487
first_indexed 2022-03-03T15:17:06Z
last_indexed 2022-03-04T04:28:43Z
id cronfa59487
recordtype RisThesis
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Much of the currently available resources on the disease status of marine species is focused on species of commercial importance such as the Blue mussel Mytilus edulis, Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas or farmed abalone species e.g., Haliotis spp. The slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata is an invasive alien species, originating from the east coast of the United States. Crepidula fornicata is now found throughout the coastal waters of southern England and Wales, U.K. Crepidula fornicata is often thought of as a pest when found in commercial shellfish areas. However, despite this negative reputation, little is known about its disease status or immunobiology. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to study the immunobiology of C. fornicata and to understand its potential as a harbourer of infectious disease. To address the lack of information available with regards to the immunobiology of C. fornicata in Chapter 2 haemolymph (blood) was isolated and examined for the presence of the immune-enzyme phenoloxidase. The presence of laccase and catecholoxidase activities were confirmed. Importantly, it was shown that products derived from laccase and catecholoxidase activities reduced the numbers of colony- forming units of bacteria in vitro. Tissue was also examined histologically, and the presence of eumelanin-like pigments and lipofuscin was visualised in a number of regions e.g., digestive gland, connective tissues, and gills. A year-long multi-resource disease survey was carried out at two sites in South Wales, Swansea Bay, a native oyster Ostrea edulis restoration site, and Milford Haven, an area of commercial shellfish activity. In Chapters 3 &amp; 4 a combined PCR and histological approach was taken to screen C. fornicata for the presence of diseases potentially harmful to shellfish and/or humans e.g., Vibrios, haplosporidians, microsporidians, and paramyxids. Chapter 3 found that a large proportion of individuals were PCR positive for Vibrio-like bacteria. However, it was found through a histological screen that few disease signatures could be observed, suggesting that C. fornicata are not particularly sensitive to bacteriosis at the sites surveyed. Chapter 4 found no clinical signs of C. fornicata being infected with haplosporidians, microsporidians or paramyxids. Histology revealed the presence of trematodes, turbellarians, and an apicomplexan-like parasite. The data suggested that C. fornicata are not susceptible to major parasitic infections outside of the native range. A Species Distribution Model (SDM) was constructed in Chapter 5 to aim to understand the potential future distribution of C. fornicata under predicted climate change. Areas further north in North America, Europe, and Northeast Asia were identified as areas most at risk for future introductions of C. fornicata.</abstract><type>E-Thesis</type><journal/><volume/><journalNumber/><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher/><placeOfPublication>Swansea</placeOfPublication><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic/><keywords>Invasive species; Crepidula fornicata; Immunobiology; Infectious diseases; Species Distribution Modelling</keywords><publishedDay>3</publishedDay><publishedMonth>3</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-03-03</publishedDate><doi>10.23889/SUthesis.59487</doi><url/><notes>ORCiD identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2150-397X</notes><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><supervisor>Coates, Christopher ; Rowley, Andrew</supervisor><degreelevel>Doctoral</degreelevel><degreename>Ph.D</degreename><degreesponsorsfunders>European Regional Development Fund through the Ireland-Wales Cooperation programme, BLUEFISH, and a College of Science (Swansea University) doctoral training grant</degreesponsorsfunders><apcterm/><lastEdited>2022-03-03T16:04:52.3702019</lastEdited><Created>2022-03-03T15:13:05.1510408</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>EMMA</firstname><surname>QUINN</surname><order>1</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>59487__22506__f4a601643b4348a4b6a42c1666f4934c.pdf</filename><originalFilename>Quinn_Emma_A_PhD_Thesis_Final_Redacted_Embargoed_compressed.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-03-03T15:56:19.4644691</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>9348254</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>E-Thesis &#x2013; open access</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><embargoDate>2023-03-03T00:00:00.0000000</embargoDate><documentNotes>Copyright: The author, Emma A. 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spelling 2022-03-03T16:04:52.3702019 v2 59487 2022-03-03 The immunobiology of Crepidula fornicata and its potential to act as a harbourer of infectious disease 5031e8d8aa4994d1a3ae1b0018c35db6 EMMA QUINN EMMA QUINN true false 2022-03-03 Invasive alien marine species have garnered a negative reputation outside of their native ranges, often due to them translocating disease from their native areas to their new environment. Much of the currently available resources on the disease status of marine species is focused on species of commercial importance such as the Blue mussel Mytilus edulis, Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas or farmed abalone species e.g., Haliotis spp. The slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata is an invasive alien species, originating from the east coast of the United States. Crepidula fornicata is now found throughout the coastal waters of southern England and Wales, U.K. Crepidula fornicata is often thought of as a pest when found in commercial shellfish areas. However, despite this negative reputation, little is known about its disease status or immunobiology. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to study the immunobiology of C. fornicata and to understand its potential as a harbourer of infectious disease. To address the lack of information available with regards to the immunobiology of C. fornicata in Chapter 2 haemolymph (blood) was isolated and examined for the presence of the immune-enzyme phenoloxidase. The presence of laccase and catecholoxidase activities were confirmed. Importantly, it was shown that products derived from laccase and catecholoxidase activities reduced the numbers of colony- forming units of bacteria in vitro. Tissue was also examined histologically, and the presence of eumelanin-like pigments and lipofuscin was visualised in a number of regions e.g., digestive gland, connective tissues, and gills. A year-long multi-resource disease survey was carried out at two sites in South Wales, Swansea Bay, a native oyster Ostrea edulis restoration site, and Milford Haven, an area of commercial shellfish activity. In Chapters 3 & 4 a combined PCR and histological approach was taken to screen C. fornicata for the presence of diseases potentially harmful to shellfish and/or humans e.g., Vibrios, haplosporidians, microsporidians, and paramyxids. Chapter 3 found that a large proportion of individuals were PCR positive for Vibrio-like bacteria. However, it was found through a histological screen that few disease signatures could be observed, suggesting that C. fornicata are not particularly sensitive to bacteriosis at the sites surveyed. Chapter 4 found no clinical signs of C. fornicata being infected with haplosporidians, microsporidians or paramyxids. Histology revealed the presence of trematodes, turbellarians, and an apicomplexan-like parasite. The data suggested that C. fornicata are not susceptible to major parasitic infections outside of the native range. A Species Distribution Model (SDM) was constructed in Chapter 5 to aim to understand the potential future distribution of C. fornicata under predicted climate change. Areas further north in North America, Europe, and Northeast Asia were identified as areas most at risk for future introductions of C. fornicata. E-Thesis Swansea Invasive species; Crepidula fornicata; Immunobiology; Infectious diseases; Species Distribution Modelling 3 3 2022 2022-03-03 10.23889/SUthesis.59487 ORCiD identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2150-397X COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Coates, Christopher ; Rowley, Andrew Doctoral Ph.D European Regional Development Fund through the Ireland-Wales Cooperation programme, BLUEFISH, and a College of Science (Swansea University) doctoral training grant 2022-03-03T16:04:52.3702019 2022-03-03T15:13:05.1510408 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences EMMA QUINN 1 59487__22506__f4a601643b4348a4b6a42c1666f4934c.pdf Quinn_Emma_A_PhD_Thesis_Final_Redacted_Embargoed_compressed.pdf 2022-03-03T15:56:19.4644691 Output 9348254 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true 2023-03-03T00:00:00.0000000 Copyright: The author, Emma A. Quinn, 2022. true eng
title The immunobiology of Crepidula fornicata and its potential to act as a harbourer of infectious disease
spellingShingle The immunobiology of Crepidula fornicata and its potential to act as a harbourer of infectious disease
EMMA QUINN
title_short The immunobiology of Crepidula fornicata and its potential to act as a harbourer of infectious disease
title_full The immunobiology of Crepidula fornicata and its potential to act as a harbourer of infectious disease
title_fullStr The immunobiology of Crepidula fornicata and its potential to act as a harbourer of infectious disease
title_full_unstemmed The immunobiology of Crepidula fornicata and its potential to act as a harbourer of infectious disease
title_sort The immunobiology of Crepidula fornicata and its potential to act as a harbourer of infectious disease
author_id_str_mv 5031e8d8aa4994d1a3ae1b0018c35db6
author_id_fullname_str_mv 5031e8d8aa4994d1a3ae1b0018c35db6_***_EMMA QUINN
author EMMA QUINN
author2 EMMA QUINN
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institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/SUthesis.59487
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
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description Invasive alien marine species have garnered a negative reputation outside of their native ranges, often due to them translocating disease from their native areas to their new environment. Much of the currently available resources on the disease status of marine species is focused on species of commercial importance such as the Blue mussel Mytilus edulis, Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas or farmed abalone species e.g., Haliotis spp. The slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata is an invasive alien species, originating from the east coast of the United States. Crepidula fornicata is now found throughout the coastal waters of southern England and Wales, U.K. Crepidula fornicata is often thought of as a pest when found in commercial shellfish areas. However, despite this negative reputation, little is known about its disease status or immunobiology. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to study the immunobiology of C. fornicata and to understand its potential as a harbourer of infectious disease. To address the lack of information available with regards to the immunobiology of C. fornicata in Chapter 2 haemolymph (blood) was isolated and examined for the presence of the immune-enzyme phenoloxidase. The presence of laccase and catecholoxidase activities were confirmed. Importantly, it was shown that products derived from laccase and catecholoxidase activities reduced the numbers of colony- forming units of bacteria in vitro. Tissue was also examined histologically, and the presence of eumelanin-like pigments and lipofuscin was visualised in a number of regions e.g., digestive gland, connective tissues, and gills. A year-long multi-resource disease survey was carried out at two sites in South Wales, Swansea Bay, a native oyster Ostrea edulis restoration site, and Milford Haven, an area of commercial shellfish activity. In Chapters 3 & 4 a combined PCR and histological approach was taken to screen C. fornicata for the presence of diseases potentially harmful to shellfish and/or humans e.g., Vibrios, haplosporidians, microsporidians, and paramyxids. Chapter 3 found that a large proportion of individuals were PCR positive for Vibrio-like bacteria. However, it was found through a histological screen that few disease signatures could be observed, suggesting that C. fornicata are not particularly sensitive to bacteriosis at the sites surveyed. Chapter 4 found no clinical signs of C. fornicata being infected with haplosporidians, microsporidians or paramyxids. Histology revealed the presence of trematodes, turbellarians, and an apicomplexan-like parasite. The data suggested that C. fornicata are not susceptible to major parasitic infections outside of the native range. A Species Distribution Model (SDM) was constructed in Chapter 5 to aim to understand the potential future distribution of C. fornicata under predicted climate change. Areas further north in North America, Europe, and Northeast Asia were identified as areas most at risk for future introductions of C. fornicata.
published_date 2022-03-03T08:05:21Z
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