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Numerical characterization of under-expanded cryogenic hydrogen gas jets

Zhaoxin Ren Orcid Logo, Jennifer X. Wen Orcid Logo

AIP Advances, Volume: 10, Issue: 9, Start page: 095303

Swansea University Author: Zhaoxin Ren Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1063/5.0020826

Abstract

High-resolution direct numerical simulations are conducted for under-expanded cryogenic hydrogen gas jets to characterize the nearfield flow physics. The basic flow features and jet dynamics are analyzed in detail, revealing the existence of four stages during early jet development, namely, (a) init...

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Published in: AIP Advances
ISSN: 2158-3226
Published: AIP Publishing 2020
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59348
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first_indexed 2022-02-15T02:46:28Z
last_indexed 2022-02-24T04:28:28Z
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spelling v2 59348 2022-02-11 Numerical characterization of under-expanded cryogenic hydrogen gas jets 62a1a0da0fa78e05c3deafcdee5551ce 0000-0002-6305-9515 Zhaoxin Ren Zhaoxin Ren true false 2022-02-11 ACEM High-resolution direct numerical simulations are conducted for under-expanded cryogenic hydrogen gas jets to characterize the nearfield flow physics. The basic flow features and jet dynamics are analyzed in detail, revealing the existence of four stages during early jet development, namely, (a) initial penetration, (b) establishment of near-nozzle expansion, (c) formation of downstream compression, and (d) wave propagation. Complex acoustic waves are formed around the under-expanded jets. The jet expansion can also lead to conditions for local liquefaction from the pressurized cryogenic hydrogen gas release. A series of simulations are conducted with systematically varied nozzle pressure ratios and systematically changed exit diameters. The acoustic waves around the jets are found to waken with the decrease in the nozzle pressure ratio. The increase in the nozzle pressure ratio is found to accelerate hydrogen dispersion and widen the regions with hydrogen liquefaction potential. The increase in the nozzle exit diameter also widens the region with hydrogen liquefaction potential but slows down the evolution of the flow structures. Journal Article AIP Advances 10 9 095303 AIP Publishing 2158-3226 1 9 2020 2020-09-01 10.1063/5.0020826 COLLEGE NANME Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE ACEM Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee The research was financially supported by the PRESLHY project, which has received funding from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 779613. The high-performance computing was partially supported by NSFC under the Grant No. 51806179, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the Basic Research Plan of Natural Science in Shaanxi Province. 2024-10-07T15:42:28.7742979 2022-02-11T01:06:22.3914395 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Aerospace Engineering Zhaoxin Ren 0000-0002-6305-9515 1 Jennifer X. Wen 0000-0001-9795-8407 2 59348__22439__2e68812c480649eca1bf760f2a97f5ef.pdf 59348.pdf 2022-02-23T14:34:44.7306847 Output 10134314 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2020 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Numerical characterization of under-expanded cryogenic hydrogen gas jets
spellingShingle Numerical characterization of under-expanded cryogenic hydrogen gas jets
Zhaoxin Ren
title_short Numerical characterization of under-expanded cryogenic hydrogen gas jets
title_full Numerical characterization of under-expanded cryogenic hydrogen gas jets
title_fullStr Numerical characterization of under-expanded cryogenic hydrogen gas jets
title_full_unstemmed Numerical characterization of under-expanded cryogenic hydrogen gas jets
title_sort Numerical characterization of under-expanded cryogenic hydrogen gas jets
author_id_str_mv 62a1a0da0fa78e05c3deafcdee5551ce
author_id_fullname_str_mv 62a1a0da0fa78e05c3deafcdee5551ce_***_Zhaoxin Ren
author Zhaoxin Ren
author2 Zhaoxin Ren
Jennifer X. Wen
format Journal article
container_title AIP Advances
container_volume 10
container_issue 9
container_start_page 095303
publishDate 2020
institution Swansea University
issn 2158-3226
doi_str_mv 10.1063/5.0020826
publisher AIP Publishing
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Aerospace Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Aerospace Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description High-resolution direct numerical simulations are conducted for under-expanded cryogenic hydrogen gas jets to characterize the nearfield flow physics. The basic flow features and jet dynamics are analyzed in detail, revealing the existence of four stages during early jet development, namely, (a) initial penetration, (b) establishment of near-nozzle expansion, (c) formation of downstream compression, and (d) wave propagation. Complex acoustic waves are formed around the under-expanded jets. The jet expansion can also lead to conditions for local liquefaction from the pressurized cryogenic hydrogen gas release. A series of simulations are conducted with systematically varied nozzle pressure ratios and systematically changed exit diameters. The acoustic waves around the jets are found to waken with the decrease in the nozzle pressure ratio. The increase in the nozzle pressure ratio is found to accelerate hydrogen dispersion and widen the regions with hydrogen liquefaction potential. The increase in the nozzle exit diameter also widens the region with hydrogen liquefaction potential but slows down the evolution of the flow structures.
published_date 2020-09-01T15:42:26Z
_version_ 1812266637537050624
score 11.036553

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