Affecting Effects on Affect: The Impact of Protocol Permutations on Affective Responses to Sprint Interval Exercise; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Individual Participant Data

Metcalfe, Richard; Williams, Sean; Fernandes, Gwen S.; Astorino, Todd A.; Stork, Matthew J.; Phillips, Shaun M.; Niven, Ailsa; J., Niels B.

doi:10.3389/fspor.2022.815555

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Affecting Effects on Affect: The Impact of Protocol Permutations on Affective Responses to Sprint Interval Exercise; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Individual Participant Data

Richard Metcalfe

, Sean Williams, Gwen S. Fernandes, Todd A. Astorino, Matthew J. Stork, Shaun M. Phillips, Ailsa Niven, Niels B. J. Vollaard

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, Volume: 4

Swansea University Author: Richard Metcalfe

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DOI (Published version): 10.3389/fspor.2022.815555

Abstract

Responses to sprint interval exercise (SIE) are hypothesised to be perceived as unpleasant, but SIE protocols are diverse, and moderating effects of various SIE protocol parameters on affective responses are unknown. We performed a systematic search to identify studies (up to 01/05/2021) measuring a...

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Published in:	Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
ISSN:	2624-9367
Published:	Frontiers Media SA 2022
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URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59322
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We performed a systematic search to identify studies (up to 01/05/2021) measuring affective valence using the Feeling Scale during acute SIE in healthy adults. Thirteen studies involving 18 unique trials and 316 unique participant (142 women and 174 men) affective responses to SIE were eligible for inclusion. We received individual participant data for all participants from all studies. All available end-of-sprint affect scores from each trial were combined in a linear mixed model with sprint duration, mode, intensity, recovery duration, familiarisation and baseline affect included as covariates. Affective valence decreased significantly and proportionally with each additional sprint repetition, but this effect was modified by sprint duration: affect decreased more during 30 s (0.84 units/sprint; 95% CI: 0.74–0.93) and 15-20 s sprints (1.02 units/sprint; 95% CI: 0.93–1.10) compared with 5-6 s sprints (0.20 units/sprint; 95% CI: 0.18–0.22) (both p<0.0001). 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spelling	2022-10-31T12:48:24.7576989 v2 59322 2022-02-08 Affecting Effects on Affect: The Impact of Protocol Permutations on Affective Responses to Sprint Interval Exercise; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Individual Participant Data 9bb783273dd9d54a2f3f66f75c43abdf 0000-0003-0980-2977 Richard Metcalfe Richard Metcalfe true false 2022-02-08 STSC Responses to sprint interval exercise (SIE) are hypothesised to be perceived as unpleasant, but SIE protocols are diverse, and moderating effects of various SIE protocol parameters on affective responses are unknown. We performed a systematic search to identify studies (up to 01/05/2021) measuring affective valence using the Feeling Scale during acute SIE in healthy adults. Thirteen studies involving 18 unique trials and 316 unique participant (142 women and 174 men) affective responses to SIE were eligible for inclusion. We received individual participant data for all participants from all studies. All available end-of-sprint affect scores from each trial were combined in a linear mixed model with sprint duration, mode, intensity, recovery duration, familiarisation and baseline affect included as covariates. Affective valence decreased significantly and proportionally with each additional sprint repetition, but this effect was modified by sprint duration: affect decreased more during 30 s (0.84 units/sprint; 95% CI: 0.74–0.93) and 15-20 s sprints (1.02 units/sprint; 95% CI: 0.93–1.10) compared with 5-6 s sprints (0.20 units/sprint; 95% CI: 0.18–0.22) (both p<0.0001). Although the difference between 15-20 s and 30 s sprints was also significant (p=0.02), the effect size was trivial (d=-0.12). We observed significant but trivial effects of mode, sprint intensity and pre-trial familiarisation, whilst there was no significant effect of recovery duration. We conclude that affective valence declines during SIE, but the magnitude of the decrease for an overall SIE session strongly depends on the number and duration of sprints. This information can be applied by researchers to design SIE protocols that are less likely to be perceived as unpleasant in studies of real-world effectiveness. Journal Article Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 4 Frontiers Media SA 2624-9367 Sprint interval training; SIT; reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training; REHIT; affective valence; Feeling Scale; meta-analysis; systematic review 17 2 2022 2022-02-17 10.3389/fspor.2022.815555 COLLEGE NANME Sport and Exercise Sciences COLLEGE CODE STSC Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee 2022-10-31T12:48:24.7576989 2022-02-08T08:16:40.1862418 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences Richard Metcalfe 0000-0003-0980-2977 1 Sean Williams 2 Gwen S. Fernandes 3 Todd A. Astorino 4 Matthew J. Stork 5 Shaun M. Phillips 6 Ailsa Niven 7 Niels B. J. Vollaard 8 59322__22398__fb64672e22cc4329a9212762bafc6c9c.pdf 59322_VoR.pdf 2022-02-17T16:27:28.2721341 Output 1895651 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 Metcalfe, Williams, Fernandes, Astorino, Stork, Phillips, Niven and Vollaard. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	Affecting Effects on Affect: The Impact of Protocol Permutations on Affective Responses to Sprint Interval Exercise; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Individual Participant Data
spellingShingle	Affecting Effects on Affect: The Impact of Protocol Permutations on Affective Responses to Sprint Interval Exercise; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Individual Participant Data Richard Metcalfe
title_short	Affecting Effects on Affect: The Impact of Protocol Permutations on Affective Responses to Sprint Interval Exercise; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Individual Participant Data
title_full	Affecting Effects on Affect: The Impact of Protocol Permutations on Affective Responses to Sprint Interval Exercise; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Individual Participant Data
title_fullStr	Affecting Effects on Affect: The Impact of Protocol Permutations on Affective Responses to Sprint Interval Exercise; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Individual Participant Data
title_full_unstemmed	Affecting Effects on Affect: The Impact of Protocol Permutations on Affective Responses to Sprint Interval Exercise; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Individual Participant Data
title_sort	Affecting Effects on Affect: The Impact of Protocol Permutations on Affective Responses to Sprint Interval Exercise; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Individual Participant Data
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author_id_fullname_str_mv	9bb783273dd9d54a2f3f66f75c43abdf_***_Richard Metcalfe
author	Richard Metcalfe
author2	Richard Metcalfe Sean Williams Gwen S. Fernandes Todd A. Astorino Matthew J. Stork Shaun M. Phillips Ailsa Niven Niels B. J. Vollaard
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publishDate	2022
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publisher	Frontiers Media SA
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description	Responses to sprint interval exercise (SIE) are hypothesised to be perceived as unpleasant, but SIE protocols are diverse, and moderating effects of various SIE protocol parameters on affective responses are unknown. We performed a systematic search to identify studies (up to 01/05/2021) measuring affective valence using the Feeling Scale during acute SIE in healthy adults. Thirteen studies involving 18 unique trials and 316 unique participant (142 women and 174 men) affective responses to SIE were eligible for inclusion. We received individual participant data for all participants from all studies. All available end-of-sprint affect scores from each trial were combined in a linear mixed model with sprint duration, mode, intensity, recovery duration, familiarisation and baseline affect included as covariates. Affective valence decreased significantly and proportionally with each additional sprint repetition, but this effect was modified by sprint duration: affect decreased more during 30 s (0.84 units/sprint; 95% CI: 0.74–0.93) and 15-20 s sprints (1.02 units/sprint; 95% CI: 0.93–1.10) compared with 5-6 s sprints (0.20 units/sprint; 95% CI: 0.18–0.22) (both p<0.0001). Although the difference between 15-20 s and 30 s sprints was also significant (p=0.02), the effect size was trivial (d=-0.12). We observed significant but trivial effects of mode, sprint intensity and pre-trial familiarisation, whilst there was no significant effect of recovery duration. We conclude that affective valence declines during SIE, but the magnitude of the decrease for an overall SIE session strongly depends on the number and duration of sprints. This information can be applied by researchers to design SIE protocols that are less likely to be perceived as unpleasant in studies of real-world effectiveness.
published_date	2022-02-17T04:16:32Z
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Affecting Effects on Affect: The Impact of Protocol Permutations on Affective Responses to Sprint Interval Exercise; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Individual Participant Data

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