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Sources of uncertainty in the Mazama isopachs and the implications for interpreting distal tephra deposits from large magnitude eruptions

Hannah Buckland Orcid Logo, Katharine V. Cashman, Samantha L. Engwell, Alison C. Rust

Bulletin of Volcanology, Volume: 82, Issue: 3

Swansea University Author: Hannah Buckland Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1007/s00445-020-1362-1

Abstract

Estimating the area of tephra fallout and volume of large magnitude eruptions is fundamental to interpretations of the hazards posed by eruptions of this scale. This study uses the tephra from the caldera forming eruption of Mount Mazama (Crater Lake, OR, USA) to demonstrate the challenges faced whe...

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Published in: Bulletin of Volcanology
ISSN: 0258-8900 1432-0819
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2020
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59317
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spelling 2022-02-17T12:53:00.3325266 v2 59317 2022-02-07 Sources of uncertainty in the Mazama isopachs and the implications for interpreting distal tephra deposits from large magnitude eruptions 4d83612aadea6e42dd9bd1b665f22eb1 0000-0002-9954-4993 Hannah Buckland Hannah Buckland true false 2022-02-07 SGE Estimating the area of tephra fallout and volume of large magnitude eruptions is fundamental to interpretations of the hazards posed by eruptions of this scale. This study uses the tephra from the caldera forming eruption of Mount Mazama (Crater Lake, OR, USA) to demonstrate the challenges faced when working with large prehistoric tephra deposits and outlines the methodologies required to determine eruption volume and magnitude. We combine > 250 Mazama tephra occurrences, reported by a range of disciplines (including archaeology, paleoclimatology and volcanology), with new field studies to better understand the extent of the distal tephra. We find that the Mazama tephra has been remobilised to varying degrees over the past 7000 years, so each tephra locality was appraised for the likelihood that it records primary tephra fallout. We designated 45 of the distal (> 100 km from source) tephra sites as suitable for use in the production of isopachs using a spline fitting method. The new distal isopachs were then integrated with proximal fallout data and estimates of the ignimbrite volume from previous studies to revise the estimated bulk erupted volume from the climactic Mazama eruption to ~ 176 km3 (~ 61 km3 dense-rock equivalent; DRE). This study demonstrates the importance of collating tephra localities from a range of disciplines and that even remobilised deposits provide valuable information about the extent of the deposit. Interpreting remobilised deposits can provide insight into post-eruptive processes that could potentially pose secondary hazards following large magnitude eruptions. We also show that in some circumstances, remobilised deposits preserve important physical properties such as grain size. Journal Article Bulletin of Volcanology 82 3 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 0258-8900 1432-0819 Tephra; Crater Lake; Mazama; Isopachs; Remobilisation; Eruption volume 6 2 2020 2020-02-06 10.1007/s00445-020-1362-1 COLLEGE NANME Geography COLLEGE CODE SGE Swansea University H.M.B is supported by a NERC GW4+ Doctoral Training Partnership studentship from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC; NE/L002434/1) with additional support from the British Geological Survey. 2022-02-17T12:53:00.3325266 2022-02-07T16:40:23.5798638 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography Hannah Buckland 0000-0002-9954-4993 1 Katharine V. Cashman 2 Samantha L. Engwell 3 Alison C. Rust 4 59317__22397__eae8f832032640f9ae725d97b6a8806e.pdf 59317.pdf 2022-02-17T12:48:21.0962339 Output 5321436 application/pdf Version of Record true The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Sources of uncertainty in the Mazama isopachs and the implications for interpreting distal tephra deposits from large magnitude eruptions
spellingShingle Sources of uncertainty in the Mazama isopachs and the implications for interpreting distal tephra deposits from large magnitude eruptions
Hannah Buckland
title_short Sources of uncertainty in the Mazama isopachs and the implications for interpreting distal tephra deposits from large magnitude eruptions
title_full Sources of uncertainty in the Mazama isopachs and the implications for interpreting distal tephra deposits from large magnitude eruptions
title_fullStr Sources of uncertainty in the Mazama isopachs and the implications for interpreting distal tephra deposits from large magnitude eruptions
title_full_unstemmed Sources of uncertainty in the Mazama isopachs and the implications for interpreting distal tephra deposits from large magnitude eruptions
title_sort Sources of uncertainty in the Mazama isopachs and the implications for interpreting distal tephra deposits from large magnitude eruptions
author_id_str_mv 4d83612aadea6e42dd9bd1b665f22eb1
author_id_fullname_str_mv 4d83612aadea6e42dd9bd1b665f22eb1_***_Hannah Buckland
author Hannah Buckland
author2 Hannah Buckland
Katharine V. Cashman
Samantha L. Engwell
Alison C. Rust
format Journal article
container_title Bulletin of Volcanology
container_volume 82
container_issue 3
publishDate 2020
institution Swansea University
issn 0258-8900
1432-0819
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s00445-020-1362-1
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography
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description Estimating the area of tephra fallout and volume of large magnitude eruptions is fundamental to interpretations of the hazards posed by eruptions of this scale. This study uses the tephra from the caldera forming eruption of Mount Mazama (Crater Lake, OR, USA) to demonstrate the challenges faced when working with large prehistoric tephra deposits and outlines the methodologies required to determine eruption volume and magnitude. We combine > 250 Mazama tephra occurrences, reported by a range of disciplines (including archaeology, paleoclimatology and volcanology), with new field studies to better understand the extent of the distal tephra. We find that the Mazama tephra has been remobilised to varying degrees over the past 7000 years, so each tephra locality was appraised for the likelihood that it records primary tephra fallout. We designated 45 of the distal (> 100 km from source) tephra sites as suitable for use in the production of isopachs using a spline fitting method. The new distal isopachs were then integrated with proximal fallout data and estimates of the ignimbrite volume from previous studies to revise the estimated bulk erupted volume from the climactic Mazama eruption to ~ 176 km3 (~ 61 km3 dense-rock equivalent; DRE). This study demonstrates the importance of collating tephra localities from a range of disciplines and that even remobilised deposits provide valuable information about the extent of the deposit. Interpreting remobilised deposits can provide insight into post-eruptive processes that could potentially pose secondary hazards following large magnitude eruptions. We also show that in some circumstances, remobilised deposits preserve important physical properties such as grain size.
published_date 2020-02-06T04:16:32Z
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