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Will the Internet of Things Be Perovskite Powered? Energy Yield Measurement and Real-World Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Light Conditions

Suzanne Thomas Orcid Logo, Adam Pockett, Kris Seunarine, Michael Spence, Dimitrios Raptis, Simone Meroni Orcid Logo, Trystan Watson Orcid Logo, Matt Jones Orcid Logo, Matt Carnie Orcid Logo

IoT, Volume: 3, Issue: 1, Pages: 109 - 121

Swansea University Authors: Suzanne Thomas Orcid Logo, Adam Pockett, Kris Seunarine, Michael Spence, Dimitrios Raptis, Simone Meroni Orcid Logo, Trystan Watson Orcid Logo, Matt Jones Orcid Logo, Matt Carnie Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/iot3010006

Abstract

The number of interconnected devices, often referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT), is increasing at a considerable rate. It is inevitable therefore that so too will the energy demand. IoT describes a range of technologies such as sensors, software, smart meters, wearable devices, and communica...

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Published in: IoT
ISSN: 2624-831X
Published: MDPI AG 2022
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spelling 2022-02-04T13:18:22.2193679 v2 59204 2022-01-17 Will the Internet of Things Be Perovskite Powered? Energy Yield Measurement and Real-World Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Light Conditions 674e6b012f2118ade7bd8a2fc288595f 0000-0003-0342-3298 Suzanne Thomas Suzanne Thomas true false de06433fccc0514dcf45aa9d1fc5c60f Adam Pockett Adam Pockett true false 38fae8a94d88645c1b29fbd448a1c981 Kris Seunarine Kris Seunarine true false 801454eb7d42eeb5165b73fb362381ee Michael Spence Michael Spence true false 75c81a7d972e97c42200ab0ebfa21908 Dimitrios Raptis Dimitrios Raptis true false 78a4cf80ab2fe6cca80716b5d357d8dd 0000-0002-6901-772X Simone Meroni Simone Meroni true false a210327b52472cfe8df9b8108d661457 0000-0002-8015-1436 Trystan Watson Trystan Watson true false 10b46d7843c2ba53d116ca2ed9abb56e 0000-0001-7657-7373 Matt Jones Matt Jones true false 73b367694366a646b90bb15db32bb8c0 0000-0002-4232-1967 Matt Carnie Matt Carnie true false 2022-01-17 MTLS The number of interconnected devices, often referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT), is increasing at a considerable rate. It is inevitable therefore that so too will the energy demand. IoT describes a range of technologies such as sensors, software, smart meters, wearable devices, and communication beacons for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet. Often not located near a mains supply power source, these devices may be reliant on primary battery cells. To avoid the need to periodically replace these batteries, it makes sense to integrate the technologies with a photovoltaic (PV) cell to harvest ambient light, so that the technologies can be said to be self-powered. Perovskite solar cells have proven extremely efficient in low-light conditions but in the absence of ambient and low-light testing standards, or even a consensus on what is defined by “ambient light”, it is difficult to estimate the energy yield of a given PV technology in a given scenario. Ambient light harvesting is complex, subject to spectral considerations, and whether the light source is directly incident on the PV cell. Here, we present a realistic scenario-driven method for measuring the energy yield for a given PV technology in various situations in which an IoT device may be found. Furthermore, we show that laboratory-built p-i-n perovskite devices, for many scenarios, produce energy yields close to that of commercial GaAs solar cells. Finally, we demonstrate an IoT device, powered by a mesoporous carbon perovskite solar module and supercapacitor, and operating through several day–night cycles. Journal Article IoT 3 1 109 121 MDPI AG 2624-831X energy harvesting; photovoltaic; self-powered; perovskite 18 1 2022 2022-01-18 10.3390/iot3010006 COLLEGE NANME Materials Science and Engineering COLLEGE CODE MTLS Swansea University External research funder(s) paid the OA fee (includes OA grants disbursed by the Library) This work was funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC): SPECIFIC-IKC (EP/N020863/1), PV-Interfaces (EP/R032750/1), and ATIP (EP/T028513/1). It was also funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF): SPARC II. 2022-02-04T13:18:22.2193679 2022-01-17T17:31:24.4998900 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised Suzanne Thomas 0000-0003-0342-3298 1 Adam Pockett 2 Kris Seunarine 3 Michael Spence 4 Dimitrios Raptis 5 Simone Meroni 0000-0002-6901-772X 6 Trystan Watson 0000-0002-8015-1436 7 Matt Jones 0000-0001-7657-7373 8 Matt Carnie 0000-0002-4232-1967 9 59204__22218__8cabc95d3a52472d8b1ee2093067b10d.pdf 59204.pdf 2022-01-25T12:43:14.6546191 Output 2887348 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 by the authors.This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Will the Internet of Things Be Perovskite Powered? Energy Yield Measurement and Real-World Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Light Conditions
spellingShingle Will the Internet of Things Be Perovskite Powered? Energy Yield Measurement and Real-World Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Light Conditions
Suzanne Thomas
Adam Pockett
Kris Seunarine
Michael Spence
Dimitrios Raptis
Simone Meroni
Trystan Watson
Matt Jones
Matt Carnie
title_short Will the Internet of Things Be Perovskite Powered? Energy Yield Measurement and Real-World Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Light Conditions
title_full Will the Internet of Things Be Perovskite Powered? Energy Yield Measurement and Real-World Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Light Conditions
title_fullStr Will the Internet of Things Be Perovskite Powered? Energy Yield Measurement and Real-World Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Light Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Will the Internet of Things Be Perovskite Powered? Energy Yield Measurement and Real-World Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Light Conditions
title_sort Will the Internet of Things Be Perovskite Powered? Energy Yield Measurement and Real-World Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Light Conditions
author_id_str_mv 674e6b012f2118ade7bd8a2fc288595f
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author_id_fullname_str_mv 674e6b012f2118ade7bd8a2fc288595f_***_Suzanne Thomas
de06433fccc0514dcf45aa9d1fc5c60f_***_Adam Pockett
38fae8a94d88645c1b29fbd448a1c981_***_Kris Seunarine
801454eb7d42eeb5165b73fb362381ee_***_Michael Spence
75c81a7d972e97c42200ab0ebfa21908_***_Dimitrios Raptis
78a4cf80ab2fe6cca80716b5d357d8dd_***_Simone Meroni
a210327b52472cfe8df9b8108d661457_***_Trystan Watson
10b46d7843c2ba53d116ca2ed9abb56e_***_Matt Jones
73b367694366a646b90bb15db32bb8c0_***_Matt Carnie
author Suzanne Thomas
Adam Pockett
Kris Seunarine
Michael Spence
Dimitrios Raptis
Simone Meroni
Trystan Watson
Matt Jones
Matt Carnie
author2 Suzanne Thomas
Adam Pockett
Kris Seunarine
Michael Spence
Dimitrios Raptis
Simone Meroni
Trystan Watson
Matt Jones
Matt Carnie
format Journal article
container_title IoT
container_volume 3
container_issue 1
container_start_page 109
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 2624-831X
doi_str_mv 10.3390/iot3010006
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The number of interconnected devices, often referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT), is increasing at a considerable rate. It is inevitable therefore that so too will the energy demand. IoT describes a range of technologies such as sensors, software, smart meters, wearable devices, and communication beacons for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet. Often not located near a mains supply power source, these devices may be reliant on primary battery cells. To avoid the need to periodically replace these batteries, it makes sense to integrate the technologies with a photovoltaic (PV) cell to harvest ambient light, so that the technologies can be said to be self-powered. Perovskite solar cells have proven extremely efficient in low-light conditions but in the absence of ambient and low-light testing standards, or even a consensus on what is defined by “ambient light”, it is difficult to estimate the energy yield of a given PV technology in a given scenario. Ambient light harvesting is complex, subject to spectral considerations, and whether the light source is directly incident on the PV cell. Here, we present a realistic scenario-driven method for measuring the energy yield for a given PV technology in various situations in which an IoT device may be found. Furthermore, we show that laboratory-built p-i-n perovskite devices, for many scenarios, produce energy yields close to that of commercial GaAs solar cells. Finally, we demonstrate an IoT device, powered by a mesoporous carbon perovskite solar module and supercapacitor, and operating through several day–night cycles.
published_date 2022-01-18T04:16:20Z
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score 11.013686

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