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Behaviour, temperature and terrain slope impact estimates of energy expenditure using oxygen and dynamic body acceleration

Eleanor R. Dickinson, Philip A. Stephens, Nikki J. Marks, Rory Wilson Orcid Logo, David M. Scantlebury

Animal Biotelemetry, Volume: 9, Issue: 1, Start page: 47

Swansea University Author: Rory Wilson Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1186/s40317-021-00269-5

Abstract

The energy used by animals is influenced by intrinsic (e.g. physiological) and extrinsic (e.g. environmental) factors. Accelerometers within biologging devices have proven useful for assessing energy expenditures and their behavioural context in free-ranging animals. However, certain assumptions are...

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Published in: Animal Biotelemetry
ISSN: 2050-3385
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa58857
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However, certain assumptions are frequently made when acceleration is used as a proxy for energy expenditure, with factors, such as environmental variation (e.g. ambient temperature or slope of terrain), seldom accounted for. To determine the possible interactions between behaviour, energy expenditure and the environment (ambient temperature and terrain slope), the rate of oxygen consumption (V&#x2D9;O2) was measured in pygmy goats (Capra hircus aegarus) using open-flow indirect calorimetry. The effect of temperature (9.7&#x2013;31.5 &#xB0;C) on resting energy expenditure was measured. The relationship between V&#x2D9;O2 and dynamic body acceleration (DBA) was measured at different walking speeds (0.8&#x2013;3.0 km h&#x2212;1) and on different inclines (0, + 15&#xB0;, &#x2212; 15&#xB0;). The daily behaviour of individuals was measured in two enclosures: enclosure A (level terrain during summer) and enclosure B (sloped terrain during winter) and per diem energy expenditures of behaviours estimated using behaviour, DBA, temperature, terrain slope and V&#x2D9;O2. During rest, energy expenditure increased below 22 &#xB0;C and above 30.5 &#xB0;C. V&#x2D9;O2 (ml min&#x2212;1) increased with DBA when walking on the level. Walking uphill (+ 15&#xB0;) increased energetic costs three-fold, whereas walking downhill (&#x2212; 15&#xB0;) increased energetic costs by one third. Based on these results, although activity levels were higher in animals in enclosure A during summer, energy expenditure was found to be significantly higher in the sloped enclosure B in winter (means of enclosures A and B: 485.3 &#xB1; 103.6 kJ day&#x2212;1 and 744.5 &#xB1; 132.4 kJ day&#x2212;1). We show that it is essential to account for extrinsic factors when calculating animal energy budgets. 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spelling 2021-12-31T14:36:04.3003610 v2 58857 2021-11-30 Behaviour, temperature and terrain slope impact estimates of energy expenditure using oxygen and dynamic body acceleration 017bc6dd155098860945dc6249c4e9bc 0000-0003-3177-0177 Rory Wilson Rory Wilson true false 2021-11-30 SBI The energy used by animals is influenced by intrinsic (e.g. physiological) and extrinsic (e.g. environmental) factors. Accelerometers within biologging devices have proven useful for assessing energy expenditures and their behavioural context in free-ranging animals. However, certain assumptions are frequently made when acceleration is used as a proxy for energy expenditure, with factors, such as environmental variation (e.g. ambient temperature or slope of terrain), seldom accounted for. To determine the possible interactions between behaviour, energy expenditure and the environment (ambient temperature and terrain slope), the rate of oxygen consumption (V˙O2) was measured in pygmy goats (Capra hircus aegarus) using open-flow indirect calorimetry. The effect of temperature (9.7–31.5 °C) on resting energy expenditure was measured. The relationship between V˙O2 and dynamic body acceleration (DBA) was measured at different walking speeds (0.8–3.0 km h−1) and on different inclines (0, + 15°, − 15°). The daily behaviour of individuals was measured in two enclosures: enclosure A (level terrain during summer) and enclosure B (sloped terrain during winter) and per diem energy expenditures of behaviours estimated using behaviour, DBA, temperature, terrain slope and V˙O2. During rest, energy expenditure increased below 22 °C and above 30.5 °C. V˙O2 (ml min−1) increased with DBA when walking on the level. Walking uphill (+ 15°) increased energetic costs three-fold, whereas walking downhill (− 15°) increased energetic costs by one third. Based on these results, although activity levels were higher in animals in enclosure A during summer, energy expenditure was found to be significantly higher in the sloped enclosure B in winter (means of enclosures A and B: 485.3 ± 103.6 kJ day−1 and 744.5 ± 132.4 kJ day−1). We show that it is essential to account for extrinsic factors when calculating animal energy budgets. Our estimates of the impacts of extrinsic factors should be applicable to other free ranging ungulates. Journal Article Animal Biotelemetry 9 1 47 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2050-3385 Rate of oxygen consumption, Pygmy goat, Tri-axial accelerometry, Indirect calorimetry, Locomotion, Resting energy expenditure, Thermoneutral zone 26 11 2021 2021-11-26 10.1186/s40317-021-00269-5 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences COLLEGE CODE SBI Swansea University 2021-12-31T14:36:04.3003610 2021-11-30T17:06:05.9912393 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Eleanor R. Dickinson 1 Philip A. Stephens 2 Nikki J. Marks 3 Rory Wilson 0000-0003-3177-0177 4 David M. Scantlebury 5 58857__21762__520c72b533cc47ac977736a3ddb8e7a3.pdf 58857.pdf 2021-12-01T15:42:47.7660843 Output 1695438 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Behaviour, temperature and terrain slope impact estimates of energy expenditure using oxygen and dynamic body acceleration
spellingShingle Behaviour, temperature and terrain slope impact estimates of energy expenditure using oxygen and dynamic body acceleration
Rory Wilson
title_short Behaviour, temperature and terrain slope impact estimates of energy expenditure using oxygen and dynamic body acceleration
title_full Behaviour, temperature and terrain slope impact estimates of energy expenditure using oxygen and dynamic body acceleration
title_fullStr Behaviour, temperature and terrain slope impact estimates of energy expenditure using oxygen and dynamic body acceleration
title_full_unstemmed Behaviour, temperature and terrain slope impact estimates of energy expenditure using oxygen and dynamic body acceleration
title_sort Behaviour, temperature and terrain slope impact estimates of energy expenditure using oxygen and dynamic body acceleration
author_id_str_mv 017bc6dd155098860945dc6249c4e9bc
author_id_fullname_str_mv 017bc6dd155098860945dc6249c4e9bc_***_Rory Wilson
author Rory Wilson
author2 Eleanor R. Dickinson
Philip A. Stephens
Nikki J. Marks
Rory Wilson
David M. Scantlebury
format Journal article
container_title Animal Biotelemetry
container_volume 9
container_issue 1
container_start_page 47
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 2050-3385
doi_str_mv 10.1186/s40317-021-00269-5
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
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description The energy used by animals is influenced by intrinsic (e.g. physiological) and extrinsic (e.g. environmental) factors. Accelerometers within biologging devices have proven useful for assessing energy expenditures and their behavioural context in free-ranging animals. However, certain assumptions are frequently made when acceleration is used as a proxy for energy expenditure, with factors, such as environmental variation (e.g. ambient temperature or slope of terrain), seldom accounted for. To determine the possible interactions between behaviour, energy expenditure and the environment (ambient temperature and terrain slope), the rate of oxygen consumption (V˙O2) was measured in pygmy goats (Capra hircus aegarus) using open-flow indirect calorimetry. The effect of temperature (9.7–31.5 °C) on resting energy expenditure was measured. The relationship between V˙O2 and dynamic body acceleration (DBA) was measured at different walking speeds (0.8–3.0 km h−1) and on different inclines (0, + 15°, − 15°). The daily behaviour of individuals was measured in two enclosures: enclosure A (level terrain during summer) and enclosure B (sloped terrain during winter) and per diem energy expenditures of behaviours estimated using behaviour, DBA, temperature, terrain slope and V˙O2. During rest, energy expenditure increased below 22 °C and above 30.5 °C. V˙O2 (ml min−1) increased with DBA when walking on the level. Walking uphill (+ 15°) increased energetic costs three-fold, whereas walking downhill (− 15°) increased energetic costs by one third. Based on these results, although activity levels were higher in animals in enclosure A during summer, energy expenditure was found to be significantly higher in the sloped enclosure B in winter (means of enclosures A and B: 485.3 ± 103.6 kJ day−1 and 744.5 ± 132.4 kJ day−1). We show that it is essential to account for extrinsic factors when calculating animal energy budgets. Our estimates of the impacts of extrinsic factors should be applicable to other free ranging ungulates.
published_date 2021-11-26T04:15:43Z
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score 11.037581

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